Osama Mahmoud

• University of Khartoum

The response of paratuberculosis of camels (locally known as Silag) to treatment with rifampin and streptomycin was investigated. Ten camels were used in this experiment as follows: Seven clinically ill camels with severe weight loss and persistent diarrhoea, and presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in feces and rectal scra...

Depletion of major plasma proteins is a major technique to gain access to low abundant biomarker proteins. Immunodepletion columns are often used for this purpose. They are available in different formats depending on the number of major proteins removed. The goal of the current study was to compare and validate available columns to deplete major ca...

Camels are the prime source of meat and milk in many desert regions of the world including Saudi Arabia. Paratuberculosis of camels, locally called Silag, is a serious and invariably fatal disease in the Arabian camel. Six camels were used in this study. Five camels with clinical paratuberculosis were used to study the pathology of the disease and...

This study was carried out to evaluate the use of acridine orange fluorescence technique on blood slides as a rapid diagnostic test for tropical theileriosis in comparison with the Giemsa-stained thin blood film technique. Also the indirect fluorescent antibody test has been employed for the serodiagnosis of tropical theileriosis. The study was car...

In order to investigate the possible correlation between the cellular and biochemical blood profiles and possible cause of Dubduba syndrome (DS), blood samples were taken from 16 camels suffered from DS and from 20 random apparently healthy. Blood samples were examined for total erythrocyte count (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (HB) an...

A she-camel of about 6 years of age with neurological signs was admitted to the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Qassim, central Saudi Arabia, for diagnosis and treatment. Clinical examination showed lack of coordination of movements, Parkinson's-like tremors of the head and lower lip paralysis. No parasite was detected in the stained blo...

A neurologic disease in 5 camels in Saudi Arabia is described. These camels of various breeds, Mejaheem, Omani and Wedheh, were 3 to 10 years old. Camels had a history of depression, reduced appetite and separation from the flock. On presentation, they had signs of head shaking, tremor, ataxia, wry neck and lateral recumbency. Postmortem examinatio...

Following reports on the emergence of a new neurological disease in camels at the north-eastern region of Saudi Arabia, a study was carried out to investigate the magnitude of the problem and to identify its etiologic agent. Based on results of a questionnaire study, the disease appeared for the first time during the rainy season in the year 2004....

A survey was conducted to determine the incidence of Johne's disease (JD) in goat flocks at Qassim region, central Saudi Arabia. Cases of JD were recorded in eighteen out of 90 goat herds (20%) (n = 2610). All infected goats were adult of more than 3 years of age. Twelve herds had single cases, while the other 6 herds presented more than one affect...

Concurrent infection with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) and Theileria annulata was diagnosed in a Friesian calf about 6 months of age at a dairy farm at the Qassim region of central Saudi Arabia. The disease ended fatally with signs of liver and heart failure. There was anorexia, pyrexia, anaemia, generalized oedema and jaundice. Haematology showed...

The effect of treatment of rats with gentamicin (80 mg/kg/day for 6 days), oral doses of spironolacatone (20 mg/kg/day for 6 days), and the combined treatment (spironolactone + gentamicin) on renal histology and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, and some serum constituents indicative of kidney function were studied. The serum concentrations...

An outbreak of cerebrospinal microfilariosis in 23 kids, representing a whole kid crop, occurred on a farm in Qassim, Central Saudi Arabia. The morbidity and mortality rates were 100%. Clinical signs, in kids from the fourth to sixth week of age, manifested as weakness in the hind legs followed by incoordination of movement and feet dragging. Seven...

Clinico-pathological profiles were studied in adult and young Friesian cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Sixty-two clinical cases of T. annulata infection in adult and young Friesian cattle were diagnosed during the period from August 1999 to July 2000. Symptoms observed were marked fever, swellin...

The biochemical parameters were studied in adult and young Friesian cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulatta in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Forty-three clinical cases of tropical theileriosis were studied, together with 40 clinically healthy Friesian cattle. Cattle clinically infected with T. annulata had significantly lower serum to...

The Abbott Cell Dyn 3500 haematology analyzer was employed to study haematological parameters in 41 adult and young Friesian cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Comparison was made with clinically healthy adult and young Friesian cattle. Changes in blood parameters in T. annulata-infected cattle i...

Cuminum cyminum fruits and T. vulgaris leaves were fed to male Wistar rats at 2% or 10% of standard diet for 6 w. A mixture (5% +5%) of the 2 plants was also fed to rats for a similar period. Diets containing 2% C. cyminum fruits, 2% or 10% T. vulgaris leaves were not toxic to rats. Impairment of growth and enterohepatonephropathy were observed in...

: Pasteurella multocida; infection; ostrich.Pasteurella multocida is a significant cause of fowlcholera and affects both domestic and wild avianspecies (Rimler & Glisson, 1997) resulting in severeeconomic losses among poultry populations(Samuel et al., 1997; Dunbar et al., 2000). Outbreaksof fowl cholera are often associated with intensivepoultry p...

Pigmented paratuberculosis granulomata in the liver of a sheep affected with Johne’s disease are described. The granulomata were visible on the surface of the liver, irregular in shape, patchily distributed in the parenchyma and contained yellowish-orange pigment. Microscopically, the granuloma was composed of epithelioid cells containing small poo...

Post-mortem examinations of 100 camels with pneumonic lesions were made at a local abattoir for Mycoplasma species. Sixteen isolates with indistinguishable biochemical and immunological characters were identified. The biochemical profile of these isolates showed that they were sensitive to digitonin, negative for urease production, glucose fermenta...

The comparative anticoccidial activity of Calotropis procera latex and sulfadimidine was examined in experimental Eimeria ovinoidalis infection in Najdi lambs which had been infected with single oral doses of 150,000 infective oocysts. Bloody diarrhea, tenesmus, anorexia, moderate dehydration, denudation of intestinal epithelium, presence of schizo...

Three camels, aged 3 years, were admitted for clinical examination because of posterior ataxia, tremors and inability to stand. Selenium deficiency was established in these camels which had low serum selenium level compared to healthy controls from the same breed. Selenium and antiinflammatory therapy led to satisfactory improvement in the three ca...

The anthelmintic activity of Calotropis procera latex was investigated in sheep that had been infected with single oral doses of 12000 infective Haemonchus contortus larvae. Inappetence, dullness, erosive abomasitis, decreased haemoglobin concentration and increased eosinophils were the main features of haemonchosis in the sheep. In the sheep treat...

Examination of the abomasum and intestine of 240 camels for the presence of adult nematodes was carried out during a 12 months period. Gastrointestinal nematodes including Haemonchus longistipes, Parabronema skrjabini, Nematodirus spp and Trichuris globulosa were the most frequently encountered worms in Saudi Arabian camels throughout the different...

Experimental infection of Najdi camels with 6 or 10 million Trypanosoma evansi produced microcytic normochromic anaemia. There was also neutrophilia and lymphocytosis. The activity of the serum enzymes viz. AST, ALP, LDH and GGT increased after infection. The initial increase was generally concurrent with parasitaemia. The infection also resulted i...

The comparative effects of diazinon and malathion on Najdi sheep were described in sheep allotted as untreated controls, diazinon-treated at 25 mg/kg/d or 50 mg/kg/d, and malathion-treated at 25 mg/kg/d or 50 mg/kg/d. Although serum cholinesterase (ChE) activity was reduced, neither significant clinical signs nor severe pathological changes were pr...

An aqueous extract of Cynomorium coccineum was administered by stomach tube to ten mature male Wistar rats, at a dose of 47 mg/100 kg body weight/day for 14 consecutive days. Ten rats were kept as controls and received normal saline by oral route at the same dosing interval. Sperm was collected from the epididymes after decapitation. The results re...

Un cas d'encéphalite fongique chez une chèvre a été examiné. Aspergillus fumigatus a été mis en évidence par empreinte du frottis de la lésion et par culture. Seul le ventricule latéral du cerveau était atteint d'une importante lésion granulomateuse et montrait de petits nodules et une fibrose étendue. Les principaux signes cliniques étaient le tou...

The passive haemagglutination test and Ag-ELISA were employed to monitor antibody titres and antigenaemia levels in 4 Najdi camels experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. The two tests were also used to determine the prevalence of trypanosomiasis in a total of 218 Najdi camels in the Gassim region, Central Saudi Arabia, during the period f...

Examination of 240 camel intestines and their contents showed a mean infection rate of about 13% with Eimeria spp (15.7 for adult camels and 10.2% for camel calves). E.cameli, E.rajasthani and E.dromedarii oocysts were identified in faeces. E.dromedari was the predominant infecting species, followed by E.rajasthani and the least common was E. camel...

Ten Neime lambs were infected with the camel parasite Haemonchus longistipes. Three weeks later all animals showed eggs in their faeces and the number of eggs reahed its peak at the 5th week. The infection produced transient anemia which was most pronounced at the 5th week. There was fluctuating leucocytosis with peaks of eosinophils and lymphoctye...

Coprological examinations on 1200 Najdi camels (Camelus dromedartus) in the Gassim region of central Saudi Arabia between October 1992 and September 1993 revealed the presence of strongyle-type, Nematodirus and Strongyloides eggs. In addition, examination of the gastrointestinal tracts of 240 camels slaughtered in different abattoirs in the Gassim...

Hepato-biliary coccidiosis is reported in a diary goat that died of liver failure. Two types of lesions were seen in the liver. In the biliary type, coccidial oocysts, schizonts, gametes and gametocytes were seen in the epithelium of the bile duct, the wall of which was highly fibrosed. The hepatic type was in the form of granuloma, composed of ooc...

Blood vessel walls are shown to contain creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and aspartate transaminase activity. The activity of these enzymes in the serum may be enhanced by leakage from damaged blood vessels. The activity of the enzymes alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase as well as the content o...

The activities of the enzymes SD, GD, AAT, 5'NT, GGT, LDH and CPK were determined weekly in sera of two calves each infected with 10,000 S. bovis cercariae and in two controls. In infected animals, LDH activity increased from the first week of exposure and remained high throughout the experiment (22 weeks). GGT activity increased nine weeks after e...

Fasciola gigantica infection in sheep produced liver and lung lesions characterized by damage to blood vessels and parenchymal necrosis. In the lungs, the lesions were those of parasitic bronchopneumonia. The damage to the liver and lung tissues was accompanied by increased activity in serum of AST after 2 weeks, GD and SD after 4 to 5 weeks and GG...

Fresh Citrullus colocynthis fruits and leaves were fed to ten sheep at daily doses ranging from 0.25 to 10 g/kg. The sheep showed signs of poisoning and died from 4 hours to 25 days after dosing. The clinical signs of diarrhea, anorexia, dyspnea and loss of condition were well correlated with the pathological findings. There was an increase in the...

Reduced appetite, skin lesions and deaths occurred in sheep feeding on Rhodes grass (Chloris gayama) at a farm near Khartoum North. The concentration of zinc in the grass and in the serum and liver of affected animals was low. These findings, the skin lesions and the favorable response to the injection of zinc (to be reported) suggest that the clin...

When sheep are injected subcutaneously with copper calcium edetate or copper oxyquinoline sulphonate there is a rapid increase in the concentration of copper in whole blood, serum and urine within the first 24 h. When sheep are injected with copper methionate the concentration of copper in whole blood and serum rises slowly over a period of about 1...

Ten Nubian goats were given oral doses of the fresh fruits and leaves of Cassia senna at 1, 5, and 10 g/kg/day. Eight goats died within 30 days and two others were slaughtered in a moribund condition on days 18 and 29. The clinical signs of diarrhoea, inappetence, loss of condition, and dyspnea were well correlated with the pathological findings. T...

Fresh leaves of Calotropis procera fed to five sheep produced signs of toxicity and death of 4 of them between 33 and 83 days. Loss of appetite, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, alopecia and a steady deterioration of condition were the main clinical signs. The lesions consisted of hepatocellular necrosis and portal fibrosis, catarrhal enteritis, splenic haemos...

Acute toxicity of Calotropis procera was studied in Desert sheep and Nubian goats given single or multiple doses (6-0·001 ml per kg) of the latex of the plant by oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous routes. Administration of the latex of C. procera by all routes caused deaths in both species. The animals developed nervous signs, urina...