Orien L. Tulp

University of Science, Art and Technology · MEDICINE

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is commonly associated with various comorbidities that aggravate the disease's overall impact on health. The most prevalent comorbidities of diabetes include obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular conditions, and kidney diseases. Incretin mimetics, also known as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, mimic...

The prevalence of diabetes, especially Type 2 diabetes or NIDDM is approaching epidemic proportions in much of Westernized society as the populations continue to age and as the prevalence of obesity, overweight conditions, and their common pathophysiologic sequelae emerge in parallel, while effective therapeutic options often place a strain on avai...

Inhibitors of luminal α-glucosidase activity are well established agents to improve glycemic parameters in glucose intolerant states, but their secondary insulinogenic effects on plasma lipid profiles are less well established. Atherogenic elevations in plasma lipid profiles are a common observation in overweight, obese, hyperinsulinemic, and adult...

To determine the potential for subclinical thyroidal actions as a contributing factor for hormonal regulation of energy balance and the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome, studies of resting and catecholamine stimulated metabolism, in vivo thyroid hormone half-life, thyroid hormone bind characteristics and weight gain, groups of lean and...

Background and Objectives: Juvenile autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammatory immune-mediated liver disease that affects infants to adolescents. Clinical presentation of AIH may resemble other hepatic diseases such as viral or toxic hepatitis and Wilson disease, presenting with fatigue, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, fever, and pruritus. Case Presentati...

Incretin mimetics, also known as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, are a class of medications used to treat type 2 diabetes by mimicking the actions of incretin hormones in the body. These hormones are responsible for promoting insulin release from the pancreas in response to nutrient intake, as well as decreasing glucagon secretio...

A recent outbreak of norovirus occurred approximately 24 hours into a cruise, while passengers wereenroute to a Northern destination aboard a holiday cruise ship on a scheduled week-long journey.The symptoms of classic norovirus including watery diarrhea, severe abdominal cramps and nauseawere quickly recognized, and the illness causation confirmed...

The island nation of Haiti had been Cholera free for over a century prior to the 2010 earthquake which left over 1 million inhabitants homeless, when a key community water source became inadvertently contaminated with the causative organism, V. cholerae (El Toro strain 01) soon after the earthquake. The infectious organism was apparently transmitte...

Glucocorticoid ablation following adrenalectomy resulted in restoration of the impaired non-shivering thermogenesis and impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese LA/Ntul//-cp rats. This is a congenic rat strain where the only difference between the lean and obese phenotypes was the presence of the epigenetic expression of obesity i...

Multiple biochemical events connected to UV irradiation from sunlight or other sources may induce either beneficial or damaging effects on tissue viability. The biophysiologic impact is dependent on the wavelengths encountered, the intensity and duration of the exposure, and the tissues exposed weather in vivo or in vitro as an extracorporeal expos...

The wide-ranging effects of healthful vs. damaging consequences of UV irradiation on key physiologic parameters are reviewed in this paper. The effects are dependent on the wavelengths encountered, the absolute intensity and duration of the exposure, the tissues exposed, and whether the UV effects were delivered via in vivo or as an extracorporeal...

The wide-ranging effects of healthful vs. damaging consequences of UV irradiation on key physiologic parameters are reviewed in this paper.

Because the including of human anatomy forms the foundation for clinical medicine, it has contributed a pivotal role in medical education for many centuries. Thus with advancements in the science of modern, current day medicine, its continued place in the medical school curriculum deserves careful attention. In an attempt to provide guidance to dec...

The burgeoning prevalence of obesity and overweight conditions from the age of adolescence and throughout the lifespan has reached epidemic proportions in industrialized nations throughout the globe. The development of insulin resistance is one of the most common observations in obesity and is associated with a systemic hypoxia in adipose tissue an...

To determine the effects of a lower glycemic index, fructose-rich diet on parameters of weight gain and adipose tissue cellularity in principle fat depots, groups of congenic lean and obese+NIDDM SHR/tul//-cp rats were fed nutritionally complete isoenergetic diets where 54% of the calories were present as cooked cornstarch (CCS diet) or equal parts...

Discovery and development of effective strategies to treat emerging and often drug resistant strains of viral and microbial pathogens presents one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Despite nearly a century of progress in developments in antimicrobial and antiviral therapies, infectious diseases still account for a substantial proporti...

To determine the effects of adipose tissue development during early normal postweaning growth, groups of lean and obese LA/N//tul-cp rats were subjected to measures of caloric intake, linear growth and of adipose tissue mass, cell lipid content, and adipocyte number in principle adipose tissue depots at 6 weeks of age, prior to the expression of si...

To determine if phenotype and the carbohydrate type resulted in alterations in brain composition in the obese phenotype of the congenic LA/Ntul//-cp rat, groups (n= 8 rats/group) of male littermate lean and obese rats were fed standardized isocaloric diets containing 54% (w/w) cornstarch (ST diet) or 54% (w/w) sucrose (SUC diet) from 1 until 10.5 ±...

To determine if the obese phenotype impacted on brain development and composition, groups of congenic male lean and obese littermates of the LA/Ntul//-cp rat strain were fed on a standardized nutritionally adequate diet in littermate pairs from weaning until adulthood. The obese phenotype of his strain develops early onset chronic hyperinsulinemia...

Globally, infectious diseases have been a threat to people's health. The use of newly discovered antiviral and antibiotic agents has allowed us to successfully treat the majority of diseases due to our unrelenting efforts and research. Unfortunately, the ability of microorganisms to adapt and mutate over time leads to antibiotic and antiviral resis...

Parameters of thyroidal responses to diet and environment have long been shown to be impaired in the obese phenotype of the LA/Ntul//–cp rat. To characterize the effect of expression of the obese phenotype on activity of maximum T4–5’ deiodinase (T4–DI) activity on adiposity and aspects of metabolism, groups of lean and obese littermates were subje...

The applications of nutrient based therapy in the treatment of medical disorders has served the global populations for many centuries, where up to 70% of the disorders and illnesses reported are linked to a nutritional component in the etiology of their pathophysiologic sequela. A nutrient rich mango leaf-ginger combination was added to the pharmac...

Brown adipose tissue occurs in man and mammalian animals, where it is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system and is readily activated by adrenergic stimulation, and where once activated results in significant increases in thermogenic activity. To determine the effects of norepinephrine (NE) or of caffeine (CAF) alone or in combination with ep...

Factors of diet and environment contribute to complementary, additive mechanisms that influence the magnitude of diet induced thermogenesis generated in man and animals. Both short terms sympathetically mediated and longer acting thyroidal mediated pathways have been identified and appear to function in a metabolically coordinated fashion to facili...

The applications of Complementary and Alternative medicine strategies using naturally occurring plants and plant products have played an important role in the treatment and amelioration of illness and disease for hundreds if not thousands of years in many parts of the world. The practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) includes an extensive n...

The Soufriere Hills Volcano of Montserrat has ancient origins and roared back to life in 1995 wreaking severe havoc and damage to the inhabitants, geography, and ecosystems of the Island. The pyroclastic ash flow reached temperatures of 1500 °F and progressed down the hillsides at speeds of 80 mph, causing incineration and virtual destruction of e...

A mango leaf-ginger combination was added to the pharmacologic regimen to improve the clinical management of chronic mid-grade hypertension (HTN) in an NIDDM patient with effective glycemic control. Measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP respectively) were obtained for the 4 weeks of control monitoring when taking a multidru...

To determine the effects of norepinephrine (NE) or of caffeine (CAF) alone or in combination with ephedrine (EPH) were determined in groups of lean and obese LA/Ntul//-cp Rats, Body weights of obese were >> lean littermates (p=<0.01) and measures of RMR of lean > Obese (p=<0.05). The effects of caffeine, ephedrine, a caffeine+ephedrine combo, and t...

Cognitive senescence and brain shrinkage have been reported in Alzheimer’s disease and is often associated with obesity but the pathophysiologic factors which bring about the neural declines remain unclear. A retrospective examination of factors of Insulin resistance and obesity in lean and obese rats indicated that final body weights of obese phen...

Fructose is frequently used as a food ingredient due to its low production costs, its significant sweetening power and its easy incorporation into a broad variety of foods and beverages. In recent years, it has been observed that people on a Western diet high in fructose often have high levels of uric acid in their blood. It was recognized that the...

Since the dietary guidelines were adjusted several decades ago in an effort to improve cardiovascular health by promoting diets containing fewer calories from fats, the consumption of carbohydrate calories including those from refined carbohydrate sources have increased proportionately in much of industrialized society. Refined carbohydrates includ...

Cognitive senescence and brain shrinkage have been reported in Alzheimer’s disease and is often associated with obesity but the pathophysiologic factors which bring about the neural declines remain unclear. A retrospective examination of factors of Insulin resistance and obesity in lean and obese rats indicated that final body weights of obese phen...

This entry is adapted from 10.3390/biom12101442. Rizvi SAA, Einstein GP, Tulp OL, Sainvil F, Branly R. Introduction to Traditional Medicine and Their Role in Prevention and Treatment of Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases. Biomolecules. 2022; 12(10):1442. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12101442

The advents of child abuse and human trafficking in their various forms represent a serious crime and affects virtually every country in the world, where they not only represent an issue of the violation of the basic human rights and dignity of those persons affected but also impacts their families and loved ones who may be inadvertently left behin...

Infectious diseases have been a threat to human health globally. The relentless efforts and research have enabled us to overcome most of the diseases through the use of antiviral and antibiotic agents discovered and employed. Unfortunately, the microorganisms have the capability to adapt and mutate over time and antibiotic and antiviral resistance...

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been noted in cadaveric specimens by anatomists for hundreds of years and is now known to be a primary peripheral tissue in the expression of non-shivering thermogenesis in response to perturbations in diet and environment in homeothermic species including man and animals. The Wistar Fatty Rat (WFR) is an animal model...

Age associated overweight and obese conditions now approach epidemic proportions in Westernized society, often beginning in childhood and extending throughout the lifespan. Excess adiposity is often linked to increased visceral fat deposition where it is associated with increases in the relative risks for developing severe complications of covid-19...

The role of water in living systems is complex. Within the crowded environment of the cell, nearly all water is within nanometers of a surface or molecular backbone of cellular components. Cell water forms ordered water layers that hydrate biomolecules' surfaces. This interfacial water displays quantum properties, and the customary Coulomb Law of e...

To assess the capacity for cold induced thermoregulation in congenic corpulent rats, groups of normally fed post-weaning lean and obese LA/Ntul//-cp rats 6-9 weeks of age were subjected to a 24°C vs. 4°C environment for < 14 hours. Measures of resting VO2 (RMR) and the thermoregulatory responses to cold exposure, the thermic response to noradrenali...

Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron condition that is characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons at the spinal or bulbar level with an incidence of about 1/100,000. ALS is categorized in two forms. The most common form is sporadic (90-95% of cases) which has no obvious genetically inherit...

The role of water in living systems is complex and a primary mediator of localized and long-range biological effects in the cell. Of the approximately 70% of cell water, 20-30% forms a structured semi-crystalline gel state of water layers, where it also hydrates surfaces of biomolecules and cell structures and is essential for life. Decreases in or...

Multiple studies indicate that the thermic responses to diet and cold exposure may be impaired in obese rodents and are likely secondary to the combined contributions of sympathetic and thyroidal components of nonshivering thermogenesis (NST). T4 is normally deiodinated via outer ring deiodinase activity by D-1 and/or D-2 deiodinase activity to for...

Classic anatomic dissection of humans and animals has been an essential element of the gold standard in medical and veterinary medical education for many decades, but in recent years has encountered previously unforeseen obstacles including the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions in laboratory and classroom participation. Included among the factors...

The incidence and odds ratio of obesity and Type 2 diabetes, a common sequela of obesity, are increasing in incidence to the point of becoming epidemic in Western society. To determine the potential beneficial effects of a chromium-fructooligosaccharide complex (FCC) on glycemic responses of male obese and obese NIDDM rats, groups of 3 - 4 month ol...

The novel coronavirus SARS‐Cov‐2 or COVID‐19 became a global pandemic and currently few medically approved curative treatments exist. SARS‐Cov‐2 acts similarly to SARS‐CoV‐1 from where it may have evolved. The COVID‐19 virus can survive ~3 hours in air and < 72 hours on distinct surfaces. COVID‐19 mutates by introducing sequence errors in the host’...

Glucocorticoid hormones have been reported to impede optimal insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in peripheral tissues via interactions with GLUT transporters, leading to insulin resistance and impaired glucose uptake via GLUT transporters. The LA/Ntul//-cp rat expresses obesity in 25% of the offspring by 5 to 6 weeks of age but remains non diab...

The incidence of overweight, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Western society have increased to epidemic proportions in the past decade and are now recognized as significant progressive comorbidities contributing to complications of COVID-19. Adiposity reflects an imbalance in energy homeostasis, where cumulative energy inta...

Coronaviruses are a family of pathogenic viruses that including MERS, SARS, and SARS-Cov-2, and are known to cause respiratory and other illnesses in man and animals. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the COVID-19 virus is a monopleiotropic clade of the coronavirus family first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 where it was found to cau...

The highly transmissible Omicron variant of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2021 in South Africa and has now been found to represent over 70% of current infections in the USA and other Westernized nations. Its rapid spread is likely due at least in part to its apparent ability to escape neutralizing antibodies developed from previous exposure...

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a significant role in the expression of non-shivering thermogenesis in response to perturbations in diet and environment in man and animals. The SHR/N-cp rat is an animal model of obesity and T2DM and has been reported to exhibit an impaired thermogenic response to parameters of diet and environment. Groups of lean...

The sympathoplegic drug α-methylparatyrosine (α-MPT) was administered to lean, normally fed rats or rats overfed to induce diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) with a highly palatable Cafeteria diet regimen (Café) for twelve weeks, and measures of resting thermogenesis under thermoneutral conditions (VO2 at ambient 30°C), serum T3 and 24-hour urinary v...

Groups of lean and obese female lean, and obese LA/Ntul//cp (corpulent) rats were subjected to measures of thermic responses to feeding, noradrenaline administration, and responses to 14 hours of cold exposure to access their capacity for thermoregulation beginning at 6 to 8 weeks of age. Body weights and adipose tissue mass were greater in the obe...

Equine herpes virus (EHV-1) causes respiratory infections in equine, and results in abortion, paresis, neonatal death, and retinopathy and the virus may become latent following initial infection. Virus entry is via the respiratory route, and the virus replicates in the host in ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and...

Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide, where it contributes to stroke, cardiovascular and renal disease. Forty percent of adults aged 30-79 years worldwide have hypertension, two-thirds of whom are living in low and middle-income countries. Most adults with hypertension are not fully aware that they have the condition, therefor...

To determine the effects of adrenalectomy on typical insulin-mediated glycemic responses in male obese rats, groups (n=6 -12 rats/phenotype) of normally reared congenic lean and obese animals were fed a Purina chow diet from 6 to 9 weeks of age, and the Chow diet plus a highly palatable cafeteria diet from 9 to 12 weeks of age. The congenic LA/Ntul...

Obesity develops in the obese phenotype of the congenic LA/Ntul//-cp (corpulent) rat strain by 6 weeks of age.1 To gain insight into the contributors to the expression of obesity in the obese phenotype of this strain, groups [n=12-20 rats/phenotype] of congenic male lean and obese LA/Ntul//-cp (corpulent) rats were fed an ad libitum standardized Pu...

Diet induced thermogenesis has been proposed to account for up to 15% of the caloric content of an ingested meal and to become decreased with aging and in obesity. Genetically obese rodents have been shown to exhibit impairments in the thermic responses to diet and environment, which may partially account for an improved caloric efficiency and to c...

Human obesity results from prolonged caloric imbalance, where energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over a period of months to years. It is presumed to occur as a consequence of complex interactions between environmental and heritable factors, although the search for which specific metabolic factors or genes persist has been challenging and rema...

The tradition of Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been in use and development for thousands of years, where it has been applied in some form for the treatment of nearly every common illness. TCM is currently undergoing a resurgence in interest and in providing an adjunct to allopathic medical care virtually worldwide. TCM therapeutics may be administered...

PTSD AND STRESS IN HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS in COVID pandemic

White Adipose Tissue (WAT) is typically regarded as a passive storage deposit of excess fat. However, recent research suggests that WAT behaves like an organ system that interacts with the autonomous nervous, endocrinological and immunological systems. Therefore, it is possible that WAT acts as a regulatory organ that keeps the body in homeostasis....

Thermogenesis and obesity

Obesity develops in the obese phenotype of the LA/Ntul//-cp (corpulent) specific pathogen-free rat strain by 5 to 6 weeks of age. Groups [n=12 -20 rats/phenotype] of female congenic lean and obese LA/Ntul//-cp (corpulent) rats were fed ad libitum standardized Purina diets for 4, 14, or 24 months or the same diet plus a 16% (w/v) sucrose solution su...

Onabotulinumtoxin A (Botox®) is a parasympathetic autonomic blocking agent which acts as an inhibitor of the neuromuscular transmitter acetylcholine release and as a neuromuscular blocking agent, thereby inducing relaxation of selected muscle fibers for a duration of up to approximately 3 months duration. First approved by the FDA in 1989 and appro...

Fullerene materials are often reported to be excellent antioxidants in cells. Usually, direct free radical scavenging mechanisms, as seen in polymer and food industry research, is the proposed antioxidant mechanism. However, free radical scavenging by antioxidants in vivo is kinetically unlikely and conflicts with the molecular properties of fuller...