Omar Younis Alani

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Subject Head Networking & Mathematics at University of Salford

The radio spectrum is a finite resource and it is important that all users exploit it efficiently. Consequently, modulation schemes used for the wireless environment should utilize the RF channel bandwidth, and the transmitted power, as efficiently as possible. Across Europe, the digital video broadcasting (DVB) group has proposed a technique for a...

In this paper, a Low-Density-Parity Check (LDPC) encoder is used to effectively reducing Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex technology (OFDM) which is the one behind modern handheld television. In addition the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas technology is implemented to solve recepti...

Much interest in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) has been raised recently by enabling unlicensed (secondary) users to utilize the unused portions of the licensed spectrum. CRN utilization of residual spectrum bands of Primary (licensed) Networks (PNs) must avoid harmful interference to the users of PNs and other overlapping CRNs. The coexisting of...

Loose coupling and tight coupling are two main interworking architectures have been proposed by European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) for integrating between the different types of technologies (3GPP, non-3GPP) such as Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave A...

Present and future mobile networks represent a combination of wireless radio access technologies (2G to 6G) and beyond, all coexist. Seamlessness Vertical Handover (VH) decision-making is still a challenging issue in heterogeneous cellular networks due to the dynamic conditions of networks, different demands on QoS, and the latency of the handover...

Some challenges when implementing the optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol on real-life devices and simulators are unmanageable: link quality, rapid energy depletion, and high processor loads. The causes of these challenges are link state processing, unsuitable multipoint relay (MPR) nodes, and information base maintenance. This paper propo...

The investigation into potential hazards linked with millimeter-wave (mmWave) radiation is crucial, given the widespread adoption of body-centric wireless sensor nodes operating within this frequency band. This is particularly pertinent in light of its envisaged use for the upcoming 5G/6G networks and beyond. As 6G is anticipated to leverage a broa...

Low density parity check (LDPC) codes are highly regarded for their exceptional error correction capabilities, making them a preferred choice for error correction coding (ECC) in modern communication standards. These codes are implemented in specialized integrated circuits (ICs) that facilitate data transmission. However, the power requirements of...

Data theory coding is an excellent and well-known branch of study that has produced various crucial solutions to the insoluble challenges of safe data transfers. Last improvements in detecting error techniques have resulted in a significant increase in the use of low-density parity-check (LDPC) code to address critical concerns connected to secure...

Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes are viewed as one of the best error correction coding (ECC) methods in terms of correction efficiency. They have been used in several modern data transmission standards, where the codecs are often built inside specialized integrated circuits (ICs). On the other hand, Complementary Metal-Oxide�Semiconductor (...

DESCRIPTION In the past two decades, the telecommunication and Information and Communication Technology (lCT) industry has grown tremendously fast with increasing demand for modern value-added services and pervasive computing. This rapid and radical deployment of cellular base stations and networking infrastructure throughout the world has signific...

The burning of 5G sites across the UK in April 2020 has shocked the scientific and industrial society in the UK. The UK's mobile networks have reported 20 cases of masts being targeted in suspected arson attacks over the Easter weekend [1]. The attacks have been driven by conspiracy theories, which claim that the deployment of 5G networks has cause...

Enhanced waveforms and modulation as well as Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology are essential elements of the evolution of wireless communication networks. Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Filter-Bank Multicarrier (OQAM-FBMC) is one of the most prominent candidates for deployment in future networks, due to its superior spectral...

In this work, the Distributed Base Station (DBS) with Remote Radio Head (RRH) is considered as the envisioned architecture of the 5th Generation (5G) network. DBS network architecture supports easier scalability for network expansions using remote antennas in the form of RRHs. RRHs have been used in this work in order to compensate for the high pat...

Modern communication circuits use adaptive modulation techniques to fulfill its task. These techniques require changing the clock frequency of the of the communication units inside the communication circuit. The clock frequency can affect the power consumption of the digital circuits. In this paper, Dynamic Voltage / Frequency Scheduling (DVFS) is...

In this paper, two scenarios have been considered for millimetre wave base station configuration. In the first scenario, the approach of Distributed Base Station (DBS) with remote radio units (RRU) is chosen as the envisioned architecture for future 5G network. This approach is compatible with cloud radio access network (C-RAN), as it has easier sc...

In order to meet the huge growth in global mobile data traffic in 2020 and beyond, the development of the 5th Generation (5G) system is required as the current 4G system is expected to fall short of the provision needed for such growth. 5G is anticipated to use a higher carrier frequency in the millimetre wave (mm-wave) band, within the 20 to 90 GH...

To cope with massive growth over the past decade experienced by mobile network due to the popularity of smartphones and tablets, 5G networks are anticipated to use larger amounts of electromagnetic spectrum, spanning all the way from the microwave (sub 3GHz) to the millimetre wave (mmWave) bands (3–300 GHz). However, moving to the mmWave band will...

A pilot investigation into why data centres consume enormous energy has been observed using a data centre test-bed within the University of Salford Computer Network and Telecommunication Research Centre Laboratory, a skeletal version of the computing core of a typical data centre. Over a consecutive two months’ peak and off-peak periods’ investigat...

Due to a dramatic increase in the number of mobile users, operators are forced to expand their networks accordingly. Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) was introduced to tackle the problems of the current generation of mobile networks and to support future 5G networks. However, many challenges have arisen through the centralised structure of C-RAN....

In the Fifth Generation (5G) wireless standard, the Internet of Things (IoT) will interconnect billions of Machine Type Communications (MTC) devices. Fixed and mobile wearable devices and sensors are expected to contribute to the majority of IoT traffic. MTC device mobility has been considered with three speeds, namely zero (fixed) and medium and h...

Cloud computing is considered one of the key drivers for the next generation of mobile networks (e.g. 5G). This is combined with the dramatic expansion in mobile networks, involving millions (or even billions) of subscribers with a greater number of current and future mobile applications (e.g. IoT). Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) architecture h...

Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) are prone to emerging coexistence security threats such as Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA). Specifically, a malicious CRN may mimic licensees’ (Primary Users (PUs)) signal characteristics to force another CRN to vacate its channels thinking that PUs have returned. While existing schemes are promising to some ext...

Inter Cell Interference (ICI) is a major challenge that degrades the performance of mobile systems, particularly for cell-edge users. This problem arises significantly in the next generation system, as the trend of deployment is with high densification, which yields an ultra-dense network (UDN). One of the challenges in UDN is the dramatic increase...

Much interest in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) has been raised recently by enabling unlicensed (secondary) users to utilize the unused portions of the licensed spectrum. CRN utilization of residual spectrum bands of Primary (licensed) Networks (PNs) must avoid harmful interference to the users of PNs and other overlapping CRNs. The coexisting of...

Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is a promising network that aims to improve the utilization of the wireless spectrum by enabling unlicensed (secondary) users to reuse the underutilized bands. CRN utilization of residual spectrum bands of Primary (licensed) Networks (PNs) must avoid harmful interference to the users of PNs and other overlapping CRNs....

Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) uses four different kinds of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to verify the integrity of the transmitted data, which implies using four circuits for each CRC in the transceiver system. In this paper, a novel algorithm is introduced to combine three of these CRC circuits into one in order to minimize the total area...

The essence of high Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in any network is centred on optimization which can be approached from different perspectives depending on the network operator's target and Key Performance Indicator (KPI) parameter tweaking ability. In this article, we present a collaborative resource allocation technique using the Market...

The September 2001 attacks and the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami disaster are examples of manmade and natural disasters which have revealed the importance of having a disaster management system in place. A great deal of advisory and policy documents need to be developed by various government authorities. The Intelligent Transportation Systems a...

One challenge of wireless networks integration is to provide ubiquitous wireless access abilities and seamless handover for mobile communication devices between different types of technologies (3GPP and non-3GPP) such as Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (U...

Smart cities have recently become the mainstream approaches for urbanisation. Environmental, social and economic sustainability, digital inclusion and high quality of life are considered important elements in smart cities design. Emergency response system and resilience are among the most crucial dimensions of smart and future cities design due to...

One challenge of wireless networks integration is the ubiquitous wireless access abilities which provide the seamless handover for any moving communication device between different types of technologies (3GPP and non-3GPP) such as Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Acces...

In this paper, we address the problem of Vertical Handover (VHO) connection failure which occurs when a handover is initiated but a target network does not have sufficient resources to complete it. Thus it is important to identify Radio Access Technologies (RATs) list of priority for this purpose. We propose a new algorithm using fuzzy logic called...

The increasing urgent need of emergency response systems cannot be underestimated due to the many manmade and natural disasters in recent years, such as the recent Philippines storm, Typhoon Haiyan 2013, and September 2001 attacks. The transportation and telecommunication systems have witnessed a great improvement throughout the last decades. In ou...

The Capability of Relay Station deployment towards improving transmission data rates in the LTE-Advanced network has become widely accepted. However, Relay deployments are ususally burdened with the problem of resource allocation on the relay link where the relay station and users directly connected to the Donor eNB (DeNB) compete for available res...

For the purpose of power optimization of a mobile processor, this paper describes the analysis of charge pumps circuit. This circuit is used as a voltage Doubler or Tribler in the Adaptive Body Biasing techniques which controls the biasing voltage of the Field Effect Transistor. The behavior of the output voltage is analyzed with respect to the cha...

In WiMAX mesh networks (WMN) the interferences among links have high effect on their performance. Therefore, an efficient routing algorithm is needed to choose the less interfered and more balanced links during the construction of the routing tree. Two Routing Tree Construction Algorithms, Paralleled (Par-RTCA) and Balanced-Paralleled (Bal-Par-RTCA...

One challenge of wireless networks integration is to provide ubiquitous wireless access abilities and seamless handover for mobile communication devices between different types of technologies (3GPP and non-3GPP), such as Global System for Mobile Communication, Wireless Fidelity, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, Universal Mobile Tel...

Two mechanisms have been proposed independently by IEEE and 3GPP; namely, Media Independent Handover (MIH) and Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF), respectively. These mechanisms enable a seamless Vertical Handover (VHO) between the different types of technologies (3GPP and non-3GPP), such as GSM (Global System for Mobile Commun...

One challenge of wireless networks integration is to provide ubiquitous wireless access abilities seamless handover for mobile communication devices between the different types of technologies (3GPP and non-3GPP), such as GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)...

Capacity in Wideband Code Multiple Access (WCDMA) systems is interference limited, it is also strongly linked with coverage. The greater the level of influx of users within the cell, the higher the interference and hence the lower the cell coverage becomes and vice versa. This is called Cell Breathing. In this paper a Walsh coding is used as a prec...

In this paper, we use a discrete event simulator for testing convergence behavior of the only existing inter domain routing protocol BGP. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and understand the convergence behavior of BGP under different network topologies and to fine tune to get better convergence time. OPNET, a discrete event simulator, modula...

Capacity in Wideband Code Multiple Access (WCDMA) systems is interference limited, it is also strongly linked with coverage. The greater the level of influx of users within the cell, the higher the interference and hence the lower the cell coverage becomes and vice versa. This is called Cell Breathing. In this paper a Walsh coding is used as a prec...

In WCDMA 3rd Generation (3G) systems although there is no need for frequency planning as the case with second generation (2G) systems, the limitation of both capacity and coverage by the interference level in the system rendered the planning task for 3G systems far more complex than 2G systems. As the 3G radio networks now more sensitive to radio e...

In this paper, a new Adaptive Centralised Location-Service (ACLS) routing protocol is presented, which tracks mobile node locations and recover the side effects of nodes mobility. In ACLS, some nodes consider themselves as servers serve other nodes according to their location and status in the network. The transmission is achieved by 'anonymous add...

In this paper, a predistortion neural network (PDNN) architecture has been imposed to the Sniffer Mobile Robot (SNFRbot) that is based on spatial multiplexed wireless Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission technology. This proposal is used to improve the system performance by combating one of the main drawbacks that is encou...

Airports are now amongst the most complex built environments known. Millions of people are using airports every year. However, providing adequate and reliable communication facilities to passengers and to other airport services represents a challenging issue. The Intelligent Airport (TINA) project aims to develop a new seamless wireless/wired ubiqu...

This work deals with the performance of a Sniffer Mobile Robot (SNFRbot)-based spatial multiplexed wireless Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission technology. The use of Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO)-OFDM technology increases the wireless transmission rate without increasing transmission power or bandwidth. A generic multi...

Fuelled by the phenomenal growth of vehicular and air traffic, motorways and airports are considered to be among the most dynamic environments known. Providing adequate and reliable communication facilities to motorway and airport users is extremely challenging due to the high variability of the environments in which they operate. Moreover, maintai...

Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a major drawback in most multi-carrier communication techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplex system (OFDM). OFDM consists of lots of independent modulated subcarriers, as a result the amplitude of such a signal can have very large values. These large peaks increase the amount of intermodulati...

Convolutional coding has been classically used in channel coding to provide Forward Error Correction (FEC) capability to the system by adding some carefully designed redundant information to the data being transmitted through the channel. However, in this work, we use convolutional codes for a different purpose: the reduction of the Peak-to-Average...

The development of airports such as the recently inaugurated Heathrow Terminal 5, as well as the increasing number of people using these facilities every day for business reasons or just for pleasure, reveals the importance of adequate and reliable communication facilities in this context. This environment is characterized by multiservice, multista...

Quality of Service (QoS) optimisation of converged networks has become an absolute necessity for mobile communication businesses to deliver business differentiation in a saturated market. In this paper, we present a resource allocation scheme for 3G wireless systems that optimises QoS control by exploiting multi-component nature of multimedia appli...

As a result of increasing international air traffic, airports are one of the most complicated built environments. Airport terminals will increasingly require ubiquitous systems with high levels of computational power to provide the necessary intelligent automation, high quality services to passengers and stringent levels of safety and security that...

In this paper, we propose and evaluate an adaptive resource allocation scheme for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access multimedia systems. We give a discussion on the inherently multi-component nature of multimedia applications for wireless communication systems, and describe our multi-component model. Subsequently, we introduce our adaptive reso...

In third generation (3G) wireless systems we have a number of resources being used exclusively and simultaneously to satisfy the requirements of an arriving Multimedia call. This would require the occupation and release of these resources to be in a manageable fashion. In this paper, we discuss a multi-component teleservice model for multimedia app...

In this paper, we propose a multi-component teleservice model for multimedia applications. A Novel Resource Allocation Scheme for call and traffic management that exploits the multi-component teleservice is developed and analysed. The scheme was applied to hierarchical cellular structure networks. The performance is compared with the standard appro...

Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS) or multi-tier has become a major trend in the design of 3G systems networks in order to support the high capacity demand required for multimedia traffic in 3G systems . In this type of network an efficient cell assignment scheme is required to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) of the system in terms of dropping...

In this paper, we propose and evaluate an adaptive resource allocation scheme for 3G multimedia systems. We give a discussion on the inherently multi-component nature of multimedia applications for wireless communication systems, and describe our multi-component teleservice model. Subsequently, we introduce our adaptive resource allocation scheme b...

With the coming about of the 3rd Generation (3G) systems, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) technology, so came with it 'cell breathing'. This phenomenon is directly linked to the codependent of capacity and coverage. The greater the level of influx of users within the cell, the higher the interference and hence the lower the cell c...

In third generation (3G) wireless systems we have a number of resources being used exclusively and simultaneously to satisfy the requirements of an arriving subscriber. This would require the occupation and release of these resources to be in a manageable fashion. In this article, we have proposed an analytical model for resource allocation to inve...

In this paper, we propose a call admission control scheme for supporting voice and data traffic in hierarchical cell structured networks (HCS). The proposed scheme guarantees to satisfy the required quality of service for both traffic types in accordance with their characteristics, such as mobility and delay constraints. In the proposed scheme, slo...

Hierarchical cell structure (HCS) has become a major trend in the design of 3G systems networks in order to support the high capacity demand required for multimedia traffic in 3G systems. In this type of network an efficient cell assignment scheme is required to improve the quality of service (QoS) of the system in terms of dropping probability, bl...

The performance of time division multiple access (TDMA) is affected by various factors. Accurate coverage prediction, modulation and coverage control techniques can significantly improve the capacity. Spectrum efficiency and good coverage are the main objectives of radio system planning. The capacity of a cellular system is directly related to spec...

In the ubiquitous networks, The Next Generation Wireless Systems (NGWS) allow the co-existence of different wireless technologies such as GSM (Global System for mobile Communication), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Long Term Evolution (LTE). On...