Oluwatoyin M Adeyemi

• Rush University Medical Center

Background and AimsSeveral criteria have been described to noninvasively predict the presence of high-risk esophageal varices in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD). However, a recent study showed that treatment with β blockers could increase decompensation-free survival in patients with clinically significant portal hy...

Background Steatosis contributes to liver fibrosis in HCV and HIV/HCV coinfection. Liver biopsy (LB) is the gold standard for grading steatosis and staging fibrosis, yet recent advances in noninvasive modalities have largely supplanted LB, which may limit recognition of steatosis. We evaluated steatosis rates by LB and transient elastography (TE) w...

Background Cardiovascular (CV) disease is increasingly recognized in HIV+ patients. Currently there are limited data on older HIV+ patients in regards to CV outcomes. The CORE50 study was a cross-sectional study of 121 HIV+ patients ≥ 50 years (83% African American) recruited 2005–2006 at the CORE Center. The goal of this study was to identify pred...

Background Despite the widespread availability of curative HCV therapy and recommendations to consider all HCV-infected patients for treatment, many remain untreated. Illinois medicaid continues to restrict HCV therapy to patients with stage F3 or F4 fibrosis. In our Hepatitis Clinic, untreated patients are counseled and scheduled for follow-up sca...

Background Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have changed the paradigm of HCV treatment due to high-sustained virologic response (SVR) rates and minimal adverse events. Prior authorizations, complex treatment criteria, and inadequate clinic staffing to meet demands of screening efforts may prevent access to treatment. Recent literature suggests that...

Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of fish oil to modulate parameters of inflammation and immunosenescence in HIV-infected older adults. Design: This study uses a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Setting: The study was conducted in an outpatient HIV/AIDS clinic in a large urban Midwestern city in the United State...

Aim To test a hypothesized positive association between low Vitamin D (VitD) serum levels and the severity of periodontal disease in HIV-infected women. Materials and Methods This is a cross sectional secondary analysis of data from an oral substudy conducted within the Chicago site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Serum VitD levels and clini...

Background Despite guidelines recommending liver ultrasound (US) every 6 months for HCC screening in cirrhotic patients with HCV, reported screening rates remain low. Our study evaluated (1) timely screening among patients with HCV cirrhosis identified by transient elastography (FibroScan [FS]) and (2) described factors associated with lack of scre...

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with cognitive impairment, and loneliness is associated with cognitive decline in old age. Older Black adults with HIV may be at particular risk of loneliness due to stigma and lack of social resources. Objective: We tested the hypotheses that (1) older Black adults with HIV would...

The relationship between markers of monocyte/macrophage activation (sCD14 and sCD163) and components of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) score, which predict mortality in patients with HIV, in immunologic nonresponders (INRs) is not defined. HIV(+) subjects with >12 months of continuous virologic suppression and persistent CD4 <250 cells/mm(3...

Background. HIV infection is associated with systemic inflammation that can increase risk for cardiovascular events. Acupuncture has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects and to improve symptoms in persons with inflammatory conditions. Objective. To test the anti-inflammatory effects of an acupuncture protocol that targets the cholinergic ant...

Objective: Evaluate the risk of female breast cancer associated with HIV-CXCR4 (X4) tropism as determined by various genotypic measures. Methods: A breast cancer case-control study, with pairwise comparisons of tropism determination methods, was conducted. From the Women's Interagency HIV Study repository, one stored plasma specimen was selected fr...

Objective: Evaluate the risk of female breast cancer associated with HIV-CXCR4 (X4) tropism as determined by various genotypic measures. Methods: A breast cancer case-control study, with pairwise comparisons of tropism determination methods, was conducted. From the Women's Interagency HIV Study repository, one stored plasma specimen was selected...

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related inflammation has been associated with cardiovascular events in adults infected with the virus. Krill oil contains anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids and has potential advantages as an anti-inflammatory agent, compared to fish oil. The aim of this research was to explore the safety and effect...

Relationships between vitamin D, lipids, HIV infection, and HIV treatment (±antiretroviral therapy [ART]) were investigated with Women's Interagency HIV Study data (n = 1758 middle-aged women) using multivariable regression. Sixty-three percent of women had vitamin D deficiency. Median 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) was highest in HIV-infect...

Background: Vitamin D (vit D) deficiency is common in HIV+ adults and has been associated with increased inflammatory markers. Data on the impact of vit D supplementation on inflammatory markers are sparse. Methods: Prospective study conducted 2010 -2012 among HIV+ women at 3 Chicago WIHS sites. Vit D was measured at baseline, and results and rec...

Abstract We explored the relationship between vitamin D levels and insulin resistance (IR) among 1082 nondiabetic (754 HIV-infected) women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS), a large and well-established cohort of HIV infected and uninfected women in the US. Vitamin D levels 20-29 ng/mL were considered insufficient and <20 ng/mL d...

Background: Recent studies in HIV-infected men report an association between low vitamin D (25OH-D) and CD4 recovery on HAART. We sought to test this relationship in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Methods: We examined 204 HIV-infected women with advanced disease, who started HAART after enrollment in the WIHS. We measured vitamin D (2...

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with negative health outcomes, including infections. Vitamin D modulates inflammation and down-regulates the expression of calprotectin, a molecule which influences neutrophil functions and which has been linked to oral candidiasis (OC), the most prevalent oral lesion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We hypo...

To study the correlation between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH-D) levels and serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) in women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Cross-sectional study. None. All premenopausal women (n = 388) with regular menstrual cycles were included and subdivided into three groups: group 1 with age <35 years (n = 12...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with dyslipidemia and increased risk for cardiovascular events; however, the use ofstatins in HIV-infected people is complicated by pharmacokinetic interactions and overlapping toxicities with antiretroviral medications. Policosanol is a dietary supplement derived from sugar cane that is wi...

To estimate the association between vitamin D deficiency and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among nonpregnant HIV-infected and uninfected women. In a substudy of the Women's Interagency HIV Study, including women from Chicago and New York, the association between BV and vitamin D deficiency, demographics, and disease characteristics was tested using gene...

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is of increasing concern in HIV-infected persons because of its reported association with a number of negative health outcomes that are common in HIV. We undertook this study to determine the prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency among a nationally representative cohort of middle-aged, ethnically diverse...

In the HAART era, the incidence of HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is decreasing. We describe cases of NHL among patients with multi-class antiretroviral resistance diagnosed rapidly after initiating newer-class antiretrovirals, and examine the immunologic and virologic factors associated with potential IRIS-mediated NHL. During December...

Aims: To collect preliminary data on the safety and efficacy of policosanol to normalize HIV-related dyslipidemic profiles in a medically underserved population. Methods: Randomized, controlled, double-blind, 12-week crossover trial of 20 mg/day of policosanol in a largely African American sample of medically-underserved HIV-infected persons with...

BACKGROUND: HIV infection is associated with dyslipidemia and increased risk for cardiovascular events. Few studies have described lipid status in medically-underserved, HIV-infected ethnic minorities, a group that is characterized by health disparities. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to characterize the lipid profile of a medically-underserved, larg...

We determined rates of achieving the American Diabetes Association goals among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected diabetic patients. American Diabetes Association goals (for hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, and lipid levels) were defined by 2008 American Diabetes Association guidelines. HIV-infected diabetic patients achieved American Diabe...

HIV-infected ethnic minorities are underrepresented in HIV research. We sought to better understand the reasons for the low participation rates. An anonymous 1-page survey was administered to HIV-infected patients attending primary care clinics at the CORE Center in Chicago during 8 weeks in 2007. Four hundred seventeen HIV-infected patients (mean...

The prevalence of obesity is increasing among HIVpositive patients, with current estimates—20% to 30%— rivaling estimates for the general US population [1-3]. Obesity is associated with a chronic, systemic state of inflammation that may contribute to the development of many obesity-related comorbidities. Obesity increases the risk of hypertension,...

Metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease are increasingly recognized in HIV-infected patients. While HIV-infected patients older than 50 years of age account for up to 25% of HIV cases in the United States, there are limited data on these individuals. To determine the prevalence and predictors of the metabolic syndrome among a cohort of o...

Sexual dimorphisms within the human brain are well-documented. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with atrophy and microstructural white matter alterations, yet sex-specific dimorphic brain alterations in persons living with HIV have not been systematically examined. To address this issue, we evaluated regional differences i...

HIV is associated with increased risk for depression. Normal appearing white matter (NAWM) fractional anisotropy in 15 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) adults with depressive symptoms was compared to 15 HIV+ adults without depressive symptoms. HIV+ adults with depressive symptoms showed increased NAWM fractional anisotropy within the left thalamus, the temp...

There are conflicting reports of adverse HIV-associated alterations in white matter integrity as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We sought to address these conflicting reports by assessing, on a voxel-by-voxel basis, HIV-associated regional changes in radiologically defined normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) integrity using high-resol...

We sought to determine the utility of repeat genotypic resistance testing (GRT) and the clinical response in HIV-1-infected patients with known resistance to three of the major classes of antiretroviral drugs. The HIV-1 genetic sequences for 20 patients who had high-level 3 class resistance demonstrated on a prior GRT (3C-GRT 1) measured during the...

The prevalence of the isolated hepatitis B core Ab phenotype (hepatitis B surface antigen negative [HBsAg-] hepatitis B surface antibody negative [HBsAb-], and hepatitis B core antibody positive [HBcAb+] is particularly high among human HIV-positive patients. Controversy exists regarding both the significance of this phenotype and the risk of progr...

Many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons are coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and with the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, liver disease from HCV has become an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The current guidelines recommend that human immunodeficiency virus and HCV coinfected patients be evaluated an...

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection occurs worldwide and affects over 2.7 million adults in North America. Current standard of care is the combination of pegylated (peg) interferon and ribavirin for 24 weeks in hepatitis C virus genotypes 2 or 3 and at least 48 weeks in chronic hepatitis C virus infection genotypes 1 or 4. Peginterferon-alpha 2(alp...

In an urban referral clinic, 182 hepatitis C-infected adults including 110 (60%) with HIV coinfection were evaluated for pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy. Overall, only 33% were eligible for treatment. Considering all patients together, the major barriers to treatment were nonadherence with the evaluation process (23%), refusal of treatme...

The Havana trial, a randomized, prospective study, demonstrated that expert interpretation of genotypic resistance test (GRT) results improved virological outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients for whom highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was failing. The impact of expert advice in routine clinical practi...