Olumayokun A Olajide

University of Huddersfield · School of Applied Sciences

Nimbolide, a limonoid compound found in the neem plant, was investigated for effects on neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cultured BV-2 cells were treated with nimbolide (125, 250 and 500 nM) followed by stimulation with LPS (100 ng/ml). Results showed that nimbolide caused a significant reduction in the l...

The chloroform extract of nutmeg has been evaluated for antiinflammatory, analgesic and antithrombo-tic activities in rodents. The extract inhibited the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, produced a reduction in writhings induced by acetic acid in mice and offered protection against thrombosis induced by ADP/adrenaline mixture in mice.

Ethnopharmacology relevance: Alstonia boonei De Wild. (stem bark), Anacardium occidentale L. (stem bark), Azadirachta indica A.Juss (leaves), Enantia chlorantha Oliv. (stem bark), Khaya senegalensis A.Juss (stem bark) Mangifera indica L. (stem bark), and Nauclea latifolia Sm. (stem bark) are used for treating malaria in southwest Nigeria. Surveys...

Skimmianine is a furoquinoline alkaloid which is found in the Zanthoxylum genus and also in other plants of the Rutaceae family. This study evaluated the effects of skimmianine on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia. Cultured BV-2 cells were treated with skimmianine (10, 20 and 30 μM), followed by stimulatio...

Nimbolide, a limonoid compound found in the neem plant, was investigated for effects on neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia activated with LPS. Cultured BV2 cells were stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) followed by treatment with nimbolide (125, 250 and 500 nM). Results showed that nimbolide caused significant reduction in the levels of TNFα, IL-6, IFN...

Polysaccharides from seaweeds are promising biomolecules that could sustainably improve the health status of cultured fish species. In this study, water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from Chaetomorpha antennina were investigated to determine their physicochemical characteristics and biological activities. C. antennina water-soluble polysacchari...

(1) Background. Inflammation is reported to be a key factor in neurodegeneration. The microglia are immune cells present in the central nervous system; their activation results in the release of inflammatory cytokines and is thought to be related to aging and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. (2) Methods. A mouse BV-2 microg...

This study aimed to investigate some antimalarial plants for effects on neuroinflammation. Freeze-dried infusions of the plants were investigated for effects on hemozoin-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia and levels of inflammatory mediators measured. Alstonia boonei (stem bark), Anacardium occidentale (stem bark) , Azadiractha indica (lea...

This study aimed to investigate some antimalarial plants for effects on neuroinflammation. Freeze-dried infusions of the plants were investigated for effects on hemozoin-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia and levels of inflammatory mediators measured. Alstonia boonei (stem bark), Anacardium occidentale (stem bark), Azadiractha indica (leav...

In addition to respiratory complications produced by SARS‐CoV‐2, accumulating evidence suggests that some neurological symptoms are associated with the disease caused by this coronavirus. In this study, we investigated the effects of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein S1 stimulation on neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia. Analyses of culture supernatants...

Symptoms and complications associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and organ damage have been linked to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1-induced increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by immune cells. In this study, the effects of an extract of Garcinia kola seeds and garcinoic acid were...

An understanding of the pathological inflammatory mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is necessary in order to discover new molecular pharmacological targets for SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm. In this study, the effects of a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1 was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)....

Kolaviron is a mixture of bi-flavonoids from seed Garcinia kola seed, and has been previously shown to exhibit Nrf2 antioxidant-mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation in LPS-activated BV2 microglia. In this study, we investigated neuroprotective effects of kolaviron in LPS-induced memory impairment in rats. Wistar rats (225-250) g was used for th...

Symptoms and complications associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and organ damage have been linked to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1-induced increased production of pro inflammatory cytokines by immune cells. In this study, the effects of an extract of Garcinia kola seeds and garcinoic acid...

An understanding of the pathological inflammatory mechanisms involved in SARS CoV-2 virus infection is necessary in order to discover new molecular pharmacological targets for SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. In this study, the effects of a recombinant SARS CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1 was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC...

Objectives The effects of a root extract of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides on neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia stimulated with LPS and hemozoin were investigated. Methods ELISA, enzyme immunoassay and Griess assay were used to evaluate levels of cytokines, PGE2 and NO in culture supernatants, respectively. Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity was evalu...

Objective: The incidence of multi-drug resistant cancer and the adverse effects associated with available chemotherapy have necessitated the search for new drug candidates. This study investigates the cytotoxic activity of Caesalpinia benthamiana. Materials and methods: Column chromatography (CC) and preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC)...

The emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 has resulted in a global pandemic. In addition to respiratory complications as a result of SARS‐CoV‐2 illness, accumulating evidence suggests that neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with the disease caused by the virus. In this study, we investigated the effects of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein...

Copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was used for the first time to access a small series of eight novel 1,2,3-triazole linked isoflavone benzodiazepine hybrids. As part of this work, a previously unreported alkyne substituted pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepine was synthesized using a Sonogashira coupling reaction. Two previously unreported azide su...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and affects 44 million people worldwide. New emerging evidence from pre-clinical and clinical investigations shows that neuroinflammation is a major pathological component of AD suggesting that anti-inflammatory strategies are important in delaying the onset or slowing the progression of...

A small series of novel isoflavone/benzo-δ-sultam hybrids was synthesised and evaluated as potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective drugs in LPS-activated BV2 microglia. The benzo-δ-sultam core was constructed in a two-step reaction by coupling 2-halobenzenesulfonamide derivatives with terminal alkynes, followed by a 6-endo-dig cyclisation....

Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (MTC) is a bioactive natural phenylpropanoid. We evaluated anti-inflammatory effects of synthetic MTC in RAW264.7 macrophages and RAW264.7–3T3-L1 adipocytes co-culture. Levels of cytokines and chemokines, as well as NO and PGE2 in cell supernatants were analysed using ELISAs, Griess assay and enzyme immunoassays, re...

Chronic inflammation is now widely accepted to contribute to diseases such as asthma, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases and rheumatic conditions. Most currently available anti-inflammatory drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anti-inflammatory ste...

Hemozoin produced by Plasmodium falciparum during malaria infection has been linked to the neurological dysfunction in cerebral malaria. In this study, we determined whether a synthetic form of hemozoin (sHZ) produces neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity in cellular models. Incubation of BV-2 microglia with sHZ (200 and 400 µg/ml) induced significan...

Neuroinflammation is now widely accepted as an important pathophysiological mechanism in neurodegenerative disorders, thus providing a critical target for novel compounds. In this study, 3-O-[(E)-(2-oxo-4-(p-tolyl)but-3-en-1-yl] kaempferol (OTBK) prevented the production of pro-inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-6, PGE2 and nitrite from BV-2 microglia...

Scope Urolithin A is an anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective gut‐derived metabolite from ellagitannins and ellagic acid in pomegranate, berries and nuts. We investigated the roles of SIRT‐1 and autophagy in the neuroprotective activity of urolithin A. Methods and results Analyses of culture supernatants from lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated BV2 micr...

Minerals are alchemically processed as Bhasmas in Ayurvedic medicines or as Zuotai in Tibetan medicines. Ayurveda is a knowledge system of longevity and considers the mineral elixir made from “nature” capable of giving humans perpetual life. Herbo-metallic preparations have a long history in the treatment of various diseases in India, China, and ar...

Hyperactivated microglia plays a key role in regulating neuroinflammatory responses which cause damage to neurons. In recent years, substantial attention has been paid in identifying new strategies to abrogate neuroinflammation. Tiliroside, a natural dietary glycosidic flavonoid, is known to inhibit neuroinflammation. This study was aimed at invest...

Formononetin is a bioactive non-steroidal polyphenol found in a variety of plants. In this study we evaluated the effects of formononetin on neuroinflammation in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. Results showed that formononetin significantly reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, nitrite and PGE2, as well as protein levels of iNOS and COX-2....

Agathisflavone is a bioactive compound in Anacardium occidentale. In this study, we investigated inhibition neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia by agathisflavone. Neuroprotective activity of the compound was investigated in differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells. Experiments in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated BV2 microglia showed that pretreatment with aga...

Thymoquinone is a known inhibitor of neuroinflammation. However, the mechanism(s) involved in its action remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the roles of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the anti-neuroinflammatory activity of thymoquinone. We investigated effe...

Thymoquinone is an antioxidant phytochemical that has been shown to inhibit neuroinflammation. However, little is known about the potential roles of intracellular antioxidant signalling pathways in its anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this study was to elucidate the roles played by activation of the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant mechanisms in th...

Artemether, a lipid-soluble derivative of artemisinin has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we have investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the inhibition of neuroinflammation by the drug. The effects of artemether on neuroinflammation-mediated HT22 neuronal toxicity were also investigated in a BV2 micr...

Kolaviron is a mixture of biflavonoids found in the nut of the West African edible seed Garcinia kola, and it has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of kolaviron in neuroinflammation. The effects of kolaviron on the expression of nitric oxide/inducible nitric oxide synthas...

Pomegranate fruit, Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae), and its constituents have been shown to inhibit inflammation. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of freeze-dried pomegranate (PWE) on PGE2 production in IL-1β-stimulated SK-N-SH cells. An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to measure prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production from supernatants o...

Artesunate is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin used to treat malaria, and has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we have investigated the effect of artesunate on PGE(2) production/COX-2 protein expression in LPS + IFN gamma-activated BV2 microglia. To further understand the mechanism of action of this compoun...

ScopeIn this study, the effects of punicalagin on neuroinflammation in LPS-activated microglia were investigated.Methods and resultsThe ability of punicalagin to reduce the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 was measured in culture medium using enzyme immunoassay. TNF-α and IL-6 gene expression in mouse hippocampal slices was measured w...

The dried seed Picralima nitida is used in rheumatic fever and as an antipyretic in West Africa. In this study we have investigated the effects of an extract obtained from the seeds of P. nitida (PNE) on PGE2 production in IL-1β-stimulated cells. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured in supernatants of IL-1β-stimulated SK-N-SH cells using enzyme imm...

Tiliroside is a glycosidic flavonoid, which possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and hepatoprotective activities. It is contained in several dietary plants like linden, rosehip, raspberry and strawberry [1, 2]. In this study the effects of tiliroside on the production of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) and nitric oxide (NO) from LPS...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and several reports have shown that neuroinflammatory processes contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of AD. Although a number of drugs have been developed for use, they have been shown to produce many side effects with limited therapeutic benefits. Recently, natur...

Cryptolepine, an indoloquinoline alkaloid in Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, has anti-inflammatory property. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of cryptolepine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced neuroinflammation in rat microglia and its potential mechanisms. Microglial activation was induced by stimulation with LPS, and the effects of cr...

Bridelia ferruginea is commonly used in traditional African medicine (TAM) for treating various inflammatory conditions. Extracts from the plant have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory property in a number of in vivo models. In this study the influence of B. ferruginea (BFE) on the production of PGE(2), nitrite, and proinflammatory cytokines f...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Anacardium occidentale is used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of arthritis, fever, aches, pains, and inflammation of the extremities. Aim of the study: In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for anti-inflammatory effects of a stem bark extract of A. occidentale (ANE)...

The central nervous system depressant activity of the crude methanol extract (REC) and fractions (RE1, RE2, and RE3) of Russelia equisetiformis were evaluated in mice using the following models: amphetamine-induced stereotypy, picrotoxin-induced convulsion and phenobarbitone sleeping time. At 200-400 mg/kg, REC significantly increased phenobarbiton...

Cryptolepine is the major alkaloid of the West African shrub, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. Cryptolepine has been shown to inhibit nitric oxide production, and DNA binding of Nuclear Factor-kappa B following inflammatory stimuli in vitro. In order to validate the anti-inflammatory property of this compound in vivo, we investigated its effects on a num...

The effect of Adenanthera pavonina (AP) seed extract on the blood pressure of normotensive rats wasevaluated. Twelve adult male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups of 4 animals each were used and were treatedorally with normal saline (control group), propanolol (positive control, and was given at 1mg/kg) and 200mg/kgof AP seed extract over a 4- week...

St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L., family Hypericaceae) is a flowering herb, which has been used traditionally for decades in Europe and other parts of the world for the treatment of depressive mood disorders. A number of clinical trials support its application in the treatment of depressive mood symptoms. Although not commonly known for thi...

The effects of the defatted methanol extract of Entada abyssinica. Steud. ex A. Rich leaves on some models of inflammation were investigated. The analgesic property of the plant extract was also tested on acetic acid–induced writhing, as well as formalin-induced paw licking, in mice. The antipyretic effect was evaluated using yeast-induced hyperpyr...

A methanol extract of the stem bark of Chlorophora excelsa. (Welw.) Benth and Hook was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in different models. Acute inflammatory effects were studied in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, and the effect of the extract in chronic inflammation was evaluated using the cotton pellet granuloma test. The effect...

A methanol extract of the root of Securidaca longepedunculata has shown spasmodic actions on the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory animals. An increase in the propulsive movements of the intestinal contents, as well as a reduction in gastric emptying time, was produced by the extract. The number of wet faeces was increased in rats after oral adm...

A methanol extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata was evaluated for anti-inflammatory effects in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model as well as for antipyretic activity in mice. The effects of the extract on intestinal transit of charcoal meal and castor oil-induced diarrhoea were also investigated. The extract (50-200 mg/kg) inhibite...

Mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as demonstrated in several reports. However, very limited information is available on the effects of this natural polyphenol on microglial activation. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine whether mangiferin is able to reduce prostaglan...

This study examines the antinociceptive effect of the whole plant extracts of Russelia equisetiformis. The result shows the ethylacetate fraction to be the most active, while the dichloromethane fraction exhibited least activity. The major isolated compound from the ethylacetate showed a tremendous activity on acetic acid induced writhing with less...

The alkaloid cryptolepine is thought to mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of the climbing shrub, Cryptolepis sanguinoleta. The underlying mechanism of action, however, is largely unknown. In the present study, we show that the synthetic cryptolepine-hydrochloride (2.5-10microM) dose-dependently inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric o...

Three crude extracts of the dried (fermented) calyx of H. sabdariffa obtained using cold water, boiled water and methanol were evaluated for their capacity to quench 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. The methanol extract showed the greatest capacity to scavenge free radicals, while the cold water extract demonstrated the least act...

The Methanolic extract of the whole plant of Russelia equisetiformis (10-40 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>) produced significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema method. The extract significantly produced analgesic effect through inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing and significantly (p<0.0.5) elevated the reaction time...

An Aqueous leaf extract of Pyrenacanthia Staundtii (AqPs) was studied for central nervous activities. The extract (100.0 – 400.0 mg/kg i. p). significantly (p<0.05) inhibited acetic-acid induced abdominal constriction, and both the early and or late phases of formalin induced paw licking in mice. AqPs (100-400mg/kg i.p.) also demonstrated a protect...

The effects of the defatted methanol extract of Entada abyssinica Steud. ex A. Rich leaves on some models of inflammation were investigated. The analgesic property of the plant extract was also tested on acetic acid-induced writhing, as well as formalin-induced paw licking, in mice. The antipyretic effect was evaluated using yeast-induced hyperpyre...

The methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale stem bark was evaluated for activities against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock, as well as LPS-induced microvascular permeability in mice. Pre-treatment with Anacardium occidentale extract (25–200 mg/kg) caused a dose-dependent and significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the elevated leve...

A methanolic extract of Russelia equisetiformis whole plant was studied for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in rats and mice using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, acetic-acid-induced writhing and tail-flick test. The extract, at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, significantly (P <0.05) inhibited carrageenan-induced oedema in rats. Abdominal const...

The methanol extract of Amaranthus spinosus L. leaves was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activities in different animal models. The effect of the plant extract was also studied on castor oil-induced diarrhea and gastric mucosal integrity. The extract (25-100 mg/kg) inhibited the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and produced significant (p < 0.05)...

A methanol extract of the seeds of Adenanthera pavonina was evaluated for pharmacological effects in animal models. The extract (50-200 mg/kg) produced statistically significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in the rat, as well as the acetic-acid-induced vascular permeability in mice. At doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, ple...

The anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark was further evaluated in models which are mediated by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha). The effect of the extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock was evaluated by measuring the number of deat