Olufemi Olumuyiwa Desalu

University of Ilorin | unilorin · Department of Medicine

Purpose: Oxygen may cause serious consequences when administered wrongly. This study aimed to assess doctors' and nurses' knowledge of acute oxygen therapy and perceived delivery barriers. Participants and methods: We conducted a cross sectional study among 202 healthcare providers (134 doctors and 68 nurses) in a Nigerian hospital. The validate...

Background: Respiratory diseases constitute a significant cause of morbidity globally. There is limited information on the epidemiology of respiratory diseases in North Central Nigeria particularly with the changing trend in risk factors. Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the pattern and morbidity related to respiratory diseases among adult ou...

Introduction: Appropriate oxygen administration is a life-saving therapy; however, patients and their caregivers could decline such therapy for several reasons. Poor perceptions may delay consent to oxygen therapy. There is a lack of data on the perception of oxygen use among patients and caregivers in our setting. Hence, this study was aimed at e...

Purpose: The burdens of chronic cough are mostly reported from Western and Asian countries. We aimed to determine the etiology and clinical patterns of chronic cough (CC) in the chest clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Patients and methods: This survey was a cross-sectional study of 218 patients. Chronic cough was defined as cough >8 week...

Background: Several studies in developed countries have investigated the relationship between migraine and asthma. Objective: To examine the relationship between asthma and migraine among university students in a low middle-income country. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study across three universities in the middle belt region of Nige...

Purpose: Urbanization is associated with the risk of developing allergic conditions. Few studies have evaluated the urban-rural disparity of allergic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To compare the epidemiology of adult asthma and allergies in urban and rural Nigeria. Subjects and methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was...

Background: HIV/AIDS is a global health challenge with a high burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Long-distance drivers are a high-risk group whose assessment of HIV status, awareness and willingness to undergo HIV self-testing (HIVST) could help prevent the spread of HIV infections. Objective: This study examined the sexual practices, risk perception...

Classification, Investigation, and treatment of Pneumonia

Unilorin Hospital and Health Care-Associated Infection Control Policy

Background: Lung cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased in some low and medium-resourced countries. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological pattern and management of lung cancer seen in our setting. Methods: We reviewed cases of pulmonary neoplasm diagnosed and managed at the University of Ilorin teaching...

Objectives The usefulness of biomarkers in community acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been under the research light with limited reports from Africa. This study aimed at evaluating the clinical usefulness of serum procalcitonin (PCT) in patients admitted with CAP in a tertiary hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria. Materials and Methods This was prospective sin...

Introduction: Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) screening is recommended for individuals with a known risk factor for progression to active disease especially in the setting of HIV infection. This will ensure early diagnosis and prompt treatment. The purpose of our study was to compare tuberculin skin test (TST) with Interferon Gamma Release As...

Background: Few studies exist on physicians' opinions, attitudes, familiarity and practice behaviour regarding clinical practice guidelines in sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: To determine the opinions, familiarity, and practice behaviour regarding clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and factors associated with their use among internists and family...

Background: A lot of attention has generally been given to the microbiology and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with relatively limited consideration on its impact on the physical, psychological and social domains of the individual especially after successful drug treatment. Aim and objectives: This study aimed at assessing the health-relate...

Background: The optimal management of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) depends on the clinical and microbiological profile in the locality. Objectives: To determine the clinical and microbiological profile of patients admitted with CAP in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred and two consenting consecutively selected patients with clinical a...

Introduction: We assessed the knowledge of, attitude towards antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and practice of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) among physicians in Nigeria to provide future guidance to the Nigerian National Action Plan for AMR. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study explored the physicians' self-reported pr...

Objective One of the core principles of rational prescribing is consideration of the cost of the medicines prescribed, especially in countries with high patient copayments and low incomes such as Nigeria. Little is known about Nigerian physicians’ knowledge about the cost of commonly prescribed medicines. The principal objective of the study was to...

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide, and despite microbiological cure for the disease, many patients still demonstrate residual respiratory symptoms and spirometric abnormalities. Aim and objectives: The study aimed at identifying the prevalence, pattern and factors associated w...

Background: Epidemiological studies have linked morbidity and mortality of individuals to exposure to atmospheric gaseous and particulate matter especially fine particles (PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM10).The process of garri (cassava crisps) production (frying with firewood) is associated with production of gaseous and particulate matter which...

Purpose: Asthma is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and information on the prevalence of asthma in Nigeria is inconsistent. Nationally representative data, important for health planning is unavailable. We aimed to determine the current prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Nigeria. Materials and methods: A cross-se...

Background: The state of asthma management and asthma control at the population level in Nigeria are unknown. We aimed to determine the level of asthma control and asthma management practices in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study of 405 participants with current asthma (physician-diagnosed with use of asthma medication or as...

Background: Understanding the impact of asthma is the key to optimal care. Objective: To determine the physical, economic, and social impact of asthma from the perspectives of individual patients in Nigeria. Methods: This was a multicenter study of 172 adult asthma patients attending tertiary hospitals. We assessed the different impact of asth...

Background: Prescription and use of inappropriate medications have been identified as a major cause of morbidity among the elderly. Several screening tools have been developed to identify inappropriate medications prescribed for elderly patients. There is dearth of information about the knowledge of Nigerian physicians regarding these screening too...

Background and objective: Doctors' knowledge contributes to practice and quality of care rendered to patients. To assess the knowledge and practice assessment and self reported barriers to guideline-based management among doctors. Subjects and methods: This was a cross-sectional study among doctors from various part of the country attending a co...

Background: Oxygen is like any other medication that can cause severe consequences if administered inappropriately. Objective: To audit the pattern of acute oxygen therapy on regular hospital wards of a referral centre in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: We reviewed 150 patients that received or had a prescription for acute oxygen therapy in three mo...

Background: Information about the burden of asthma during pregnancy in Africa is scarce. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in pregnancy in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: This study uses the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire and definitions to screen 870 pregnant women attending th...

Background Prescription and administration of oxygen in emergencies by healthcare providers are reported to be inappropriate in most settings. There is a huge gap in the knowledge of health care providers on various aspects of oxygen therapy, and this may be a barrier to optimal oxygen administration. Hence, it is essential to ascertain providers’...

Background: The most recognized risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worldwide is cigarette smoking. However, recent surveys have revealed an increasing trend from nonsmoking causes especially from biomass exposure. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the proportion of patients and the clinical pattern of COPD among n...

Background: Occupational tuberculosis among mycobacteriology laboratory workers has received insufficient attention especially in countries with high burden of tuberculosis despite the associated greater risk than the general population. The aim of the study was to conduct a risk assessment of tuberculosis (TB) laboratories and biosafety Practices...

Background Inconsistent operational definitions during asthma surveillance can lead to inaccurate estimation of disease burden and formulation of health policy. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different definitions on the prevalence estimates and predictors of asthma among university students in Ilorin, Nigeria. The secondary aim was to...

international guidelines are known to increase the quality of care offered by Physicians. We conducted this study to assess the level of asthma knowledge and quality of care among physicians practicing in Ondo State. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional survey of 96 physicians from various specialties participating in a continuous professional d...

Objective: Pharmaceutical companies spend significant amount of resources on promotion influencing the prescribing behavior of physicians. Drug promotion can negatively impact on rational prescribing, which may adversely affect the quality of patient care. However, little is known about these activities in Nigeria as the most populous country in Af...

Objective: Headache is a common chronic neurologic disorder with huge economic and psychosocial impact. In comparison with other neurological disorders, there is limited data on primary headache, especially from sub-Saharan Africa. This study was done to fill in the gap and provide recent information on headache among Nigerian undergraduate studen...

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem. Greater than 90% of rifampicin (RIF)-resistant isolates were also isoniazid resistant, and hence, rifampicin resistance (RR) is frequently used as a surrogate for multidrug-resistant TB. Setting: This study was conducted at Infectious Disease Hospital Kano in No...

Background Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with significant health consequences. A significant proportion of hospitalized patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnoea were never identified and referred for polysomnography for diagnosis. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with high risk for obstructive sleep...

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. While the effect of cigarette smoking on conventional markers that account for <50% of CVD s has been well studied, there are only a few studies on the effect of cigarette smoking on novel cardiovascular (CV) risk markers. Objective To evaluate the e...

Background Bronchoscopy is a vital diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in pulmonological practice. The aim of this study was to determine the perception, use and challenges encountered by Nigerian medical doctors involved in this procedure. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 medical doctors recruited from three...

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with significant health consequences. A significant proportion of hospitalized patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnoea were never identified and referred for polysomnography for diagnosis. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with high risk for obstructive sleep...

PurposeThe knowledge and attitude of doctors in Nigeria towards obstructive sleep apnea is not known. We evaluated the level of knowledge and attitude regarding OSA among resident doctors in Internal Medicine and general practitioners in Nigeria. MethodsA cross-sectional survey among doctors during continuing medical education programs was conducte...

Introduction: Adequate knowledge of asthma management and adherence to international guidelines are known to increase the quality of care offered by Physicians. We conducted this study to assess the level of asthma knowledge and quality of care among physicians practicing in Ondo State. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional survey of 96 physic...

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a cheap and effective alternative therapy for most epilepsy. There are paucity of experimental data in Nigeria on the usefulness of KD in epilepsy models. This is likely to be responsible for the poor clinical acceptability of the diet in the country. This study therefore aimed at providing experimental data on usefulness...

Background Pleural effusion (PE) is a primary manifestation or secondary complication of many disorders. This study reviews the pattern and management of PE in a Nigerian hospital. Materials and Methods The medical records of 213 patients with clinical diagnosis of PE over a period of 3 years were reviewed. Results PE accounted for 0.5% of the to...

Background To audit the quality of acute asthma care in two tertiary hospitals in a state in the southwestern region of Nigeria and to compare the clinical practice against the recommendations of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guideline. Patients and Methods We carried out a retrospective analysis of 101 patients who presented with acute...

PURPOSE: Background: Poor adherence to asthma medication severely compromises the effectiveness of treatment resulting in poor asthma control, increased health care utilization and decreased quality of life for the patients.1,2 The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between non -adherences to inhaled corticosteroids(ICS) and asthma...

Background Obstructive sleep apnoea is the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing in adults and children. It is associated with many adverse health consequences. The objectives this study were to determine the prevalence, awareness and reporting of symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea among hospitalized adult patients in Nigeria. Methods T...

Objective: To investigate the knowledge and use of asthma control measurement (ACM) tools in the management of asthma among doctors working in family and internal medicine practice in Nigeria. Method: A questionnaire based on the global initiative on asthma (GINA) guideline was self-administered by 194 doctors. It contains 12 test items on knowl...

Setting: Ilorin metropolis in the middle-belt region of Nigeria. Objectives: To determine the awareness about warning signs and risk factors for lung cancer and the anticipated delay before seeking medical care in the middle-belt population of Nigeria. Design: This was a cross-sectional study performed among 1125 adults. Lung cancer awareness...

Samter’s triad is an acquired inflammatory disorder characterized by asthma, nasal polyps and aspirin sensitivity. Aspirin sensitivity is the hallmark of this condition. It is a form of pseudo-allergy, as IgE does not play any significant role in its pathophysiology. There is a paucity of reported cases of Samter’s triad in Africa. Our patient is a...

Introduction: Drug-drug interactions remain a major cause of adverse drug reactions with great consequences such as increased morbidity and increased healthcare cost. In elderly patients with systemic hypertension, there is a tendency for them to be prescribed multiple medications and this may expose them to some drug-drug interactions (DDIs) espec...

Background: Inappropriate medication prescription among the elderly is a major problem with significant negative health consequences. The Beers and STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons' potentially inappropriate Prescription) criteria are common tools used for screening of potentially inappropriate medications. The primary objective of the study...

Background: Infection by Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBLs) producing bacteria is a threat to man as a consequence of treatment challenges. This study evaluated the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESBL producing Klebsiellae (EPK) in clinical specimens at the University of Ilorin Teaching hospital, Ilorin (UITH), Nigeri...

Background: Generic medicines have the same efficacy and safety as originators at lower prices; however, there are concerns with their utilization in Nigeria. Objectives: To evaluate physicians' understanding and perception of generics. Methods: A questionnaire was administered among physicians working in tertiary healthcare facilities in four...

Background: Infection by Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBLs) producing bacteria is a threat to man as a consequence of treatment challenges. This study evaluated the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESBL producing Klebsiellae (EPK) in clinical specimens at the University of Ilorin Teaching hospital, Ilorin (UITH), Nigeri...

Symptoms scores show that a significant proportion of Nigerians are at high risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) but the diagnosis is rarely made. Untreated obstructive sleep apnea has adverse clinical and economic implications. The knowledge of medical students regarding OSA can provide insight into their future ability to recognize patient with...

The burden of stroke has been projected to increase for developing countries, but data are limited, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This necessitated this study to determine the stroke prevalence in a semi urban community in middle-belt region of Nigeria. A two-phase door-to-door study was performed in three semi-urban communities of Kwara state;...

Background: Under‑treatment of asthma in pregnancy can result in adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. The potential risk of teratogenicity may limit prompt and adequate management of medical disorders in pregnancy. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the physicians' prescribing pattern, their perceived safety of asthma medica...

Available evidences seem to suggest increasing trend in sleep deficit among teenagers worldwide, and there is limited information on this among Nigerian teenagers. This study was carried out to determine the basic sleep schedule and sleep duration among schooling teenagers in Ilorin, Nigeria. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted am...

Epilepsy audit provides positive feedback to physicians that could assist in improving the quality of health care services provided for patients. This study was carried out to evaluate care given to people with epilepsy with the aim of determining potentials for improvement. Medical records of patients with uncomplicated epilepsy who have attended...

Background: Self-prescription by physicians is a form of self-care that has generated considerable controversy in recent years. The prevalence of self-prescription practices by physicians has been widely studied in North America, Europe and Asia. Few studies on physician self-prescribing and prescribing for family members have been carried out in N...

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in most countries. Few data exist on the pattern of COPD in Sub Saharan Africa. Objectives: This study aimed at reviewing the incidence and clinical pattern of COPD managed at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) Ilorin, Ni...

SETTING: Ilorin metropolis in the middle-belt region of Nigeria. OBJECTIVES: To determine the awareness about warning signs and risk factors for lung cancer and the anticipated delay before seeking medical care in the middle-belt population of Nigeria. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study performed among 1125 adults. Lung cancer awareness measu...