
Olivier FruchartCNRS · Spintec, Grenoble, France
Olivier Fruchart
PhD, Habilitation
About
169
Publications
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Introduction
My research topic is magnetism and spintronics of low-dimensional structures, with a special focus on domain walls. I am mostly concerned with fundamental processes, for which I investigate model systems. This lead me to develop an expertise at the frontier of several areas: micromagnetism ; surface magnetism; epitaxial and chemical self-organization. Recently I have been focusing on domain walls in cylindrical nanowires, with prospects for a three-dimensional race-track memory as background.
Additional affiliations
January 2016 - present
January 2011 - December 2015
January 2007 - December 2010
Publications
Publications (169)
We report on the structural, electric and magnetic properties of $(\mathrm{Ni}_x\mathrm{Co}_{1-x})\mathrm{B}$ ferromagnetic nanotubes, displaying azimuthal magnetization. The tubes are fabricated using electroless plating in polycarbonate porous templates, with lengths several tens of micrometers, diameters from 100nm to 500nm and wall thicknesses...
Metallic nanostructures have been an area of intensive research over the last decades. They become increasingly important in a variety of fields, such as catalysis, sensors, microelectronics and spintronics. In many cases, these applications require multiple materials in contact, either as distinct layers or as a mixture. Template-assisted wet-chem...
Perpendicular shape anisotropy (PSA) and double magnetic tunnel junctions (DMTJs) offer practical solutions to downscale spin-transfer-torque Magnetic Random-Access Memory (STT-MRAM) beyond 20 nm technology nodes, while retaining their thermal stability and reducing critical currents applied. However, as these modern devices become smaller and thre...
Perpendicular shape anisotropy (PSA) offers a practical solution to downscale spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random-access memory (STT-MRAM) beyond the sub-20 nm technology node while retaining thermal stability. However, our understanding of the thermomagnetic behavior of PSA-STT-MRAM is often indirect, relying on magnetoresistance measurem...
Perpendicular shape anisotropy (PSA) and double magnetic tunnel junctions (DMTJ) offer practical solutions to downscale spin-transfer-torque Magnetic Random-Access Memory (STT-MRAM) beyond 20 nm technology nodes, whilst retaining their thermal stability and reducing critical currents applied. However, as these modern devices become smaller and thre...
Perpendicular shape anisotropy (PSA) offers a practical solution to downscale spin-transfer torque Magnetic Random-Access Memory (STT-MRAM) beyond the sub-20 nm technology node whilst retaining thermal stability of the storage layer magnetization. However, our understanding of the thermomagnetic behavior of PSA-STT-MRAM is often indirect, relying o...
5 pages with a total of 7 figures
ALBA II colloquium - One day virtual workshop on Spintronics and Synchrotron Radiation
We studied the symmetry of magnetic properties and the resulting magnetic textures in ultra-thin epitaxial Au0.67Pt0.33/Co/W(110), a model system exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and interface Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI). As a peculiar feature, the C2v crystal symmetry induced by the Co/W interface results in an additional u...
We report a theoretical overview of the magnetic domain wall behavior under an electric current in infinitely long nanotubes with azimuthal magnetization, combining the one-dimensional analytic model and micromagnetic simulations. We highlight effects that, besides spin-transfer torques already largely understood in flat strips, arise specifically...
We compare two transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based techniques that can provide highly spatially resolved quantitative measurements of magnetic induction fields at high sensitivity. To this end, the magnetic induction of a ferromagnetic NiFe nanowire has been measured and compared to micromagnetic modeling. State-of-the-art off-axis electro...
We report a theoretical overview of the magnetic domain wall behavior under an electric current in infinitely-long nanotubes with azimuthal magnetization, combining the $1$D analytic model and micromagnetic simulations. We highlight effects that, besides spin-transfer torques already largely understood in flat strips, arise specifically in the tubu...
We compare two transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based techniques that can provide highly spatially resolved quantitative measurements of magnetic induction fields at high sensitivity. To this end, the magnetic induction of a ferromagnetic NiFe nanowire has been measured and compared to micromagnetic modelling. State-of-the-art electron hologr...
We studied the symmetry of magnetic properties and the resulting magnetic textures in ultra-thin epitaxial Au$_{0.67}$Pt$_{0.33}$/Co/W, a model system exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and interface Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). As a peculiar feature, the C$_\mathrm{2v}$ crystal symmetry induced by the Co/W interface results i...
Domain wall propagation in modulated-diameter cylindrical nanowires is a key phenomenon to be studied with a view to designing three-dimensional magnetic memory devices. This paper presents a theoretical study of transverse domain wall behavior under the influence of a magnetic field within a cylindrical nanowire with diameter modulations. In parti...
Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is a new technology which uses temporary near field laser heating of the media during write to increase hard disk drive storage density. By using plasmonic antenna embedded in the write head, extremely high thermal gradient are created in the recording media (up to 10K/nm). State of the art HAMR media consist...
The use of epitaxial layers for domain wall-based spintronic applications is often hampered by the presence of pinning sites. Here, we show that when depositing Mn4N (10 nm) epitaxial films, the replacement of MgO(001) by SrTiO3(001) substrates allows minimizing the misfit, and to obtain an improved crystalline quality, a sharper switching, a full...
The use of epitaxial layers for domain wall-based spintronic applications is often hampered by the presence of pinning sites. Here, we show that when depositing Mn4N(10 nm) epitaxial films, the replacement of MgO(001) by SrTiO3(001) substrates allows minimizing the misfit, and to obtain an improved crystalline quality, a sharper switching, a full r...
We review a method to produce cylindrical magnetic nanowires displaying several segments, with a large versatility in terms of segment diameter and length. It is based on electroplating in alumina templates, the latter being prepared by several steps of anodization, wet etching, and atomic layer deposition to produce, widen, or shrink pores, respec...
We report the imaging of magnetic domains in ferromagnetic CoNiB nanotubes with very long aspect ratio, fabricated by electroless plating. While axial magnetization is expected for long tubes made of soft magnetic materials, we evidence series of azimuthal domains. We tentatively explain these by the interplay of anisotropic strain and/or grain siz...
We propose a review of the current knowledge about the synthesis, magnetic properties and applications of magnetic cylindrical nanowires and nanotubes. By "nano" we consider diameters reasonably smaller than a micrometer. At this scale, comparable to micromagnetic and transport length scales, novel properties appear. At the same time, this makes th...
We propose a review of the current knowledge about the synthesis, magnetic properties and applications of magnetic cylindrical nanowires and nanotubes. By "nano" we consider diameters reasonably smaller than a micrometer. At this scale, comparable to micromagnetic and transport length scales, novel properties appear. At the same time, this makes th...
Domain wall propagation in modulated-diameter cylindrical nanowires is a key phenomenon to be studied with a view to designing three-dimensional magnetic memory devices. This paper presents a theoretical study of transverse domain wall behavior under the influence of a magnetic field within a cylindrical nanowire with diameter modulations. In parti...
We establish a method to produce cylindrical magnetic nanowires displaying several segments, with a large versatility in terms of segment diameter and length. It is based on electroplating in alumina templates, the latter being prepared by several steps of anodization, wet etching and atomic layer deposition to produce, widen or shrink pores, respe...
Cylindrical nanowires made of soft magnetic materials, in contrast to thin strips, may host domain walls of two distinct topologies. Unexpectedly, we evidence experimentally the dynamic transformation of topology upon wall motion above a field threshold. Micromagnetic simulations highlight the underlying precessional dynamics for one way of the tra...
Using focused electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID), we fabricate vertical, platinum-coated cobalt nanowires with a controlled three-dimensional structure. The latter is engineered to feature bends along the height: these are used as pinning sites for domain walls, the presence of which we investigate using X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMC...
We present a combined analytical and numerical micromagnetic study of the equilibrium energy, size and shape of anti-skyrmionic magnetic configurations. Anti-skyrmions and skyrmions are compared in systems with the same strength of magnetic interactions. Anti-skyrmions may be stabilized when the magnetic circular symmetry is broken due to the inver...
We present a combined analytical and numerical micromagnetic study of the equilibrium energy, size and shape of anti-skyrmionic magnetic configurations. Anti-skyrmions can be stabilized when the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction has opposite signs along two orthogonal in-plane directions, breaking the magnetic circular symmetry. We compare the equi...
Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is a new technology which uses temporary near field laser heating of the media during write to increase hard disk drive storage density. By using plasmonic antenna embedded in the write head, extremely high thermal gradient are created in the recording media (up to 10K/nm). State of the art HAMR media consist...
We investigated head-to-head domain walls in nanostrips of epitaxial Fe4N(001) thin films, displaying
a fourfold magnetic anisotropy. Magnetic force microscopy and micromagnetic simulations show that
the domain walls have specific properties, compared to soft magnetic materials. In particular, strips
aligned along a hard axis of magnetization are w...
Magnetic nanostructures are being developed for use in many aspects of our daily life, spanning areas such as data storage, sensing and biomedicine. Whereas patterned nanomagnets are traditionally two-dimensional planar structures, recent work is expanding nanomagnetism into three dimensions; a move triggered by the advance of unconventional synthe...
Magnetic nanostructures are being developed for use in many aspects of our daily life, spanning areas such as data storage, sensing and biomedicine. Whereas patterned nanomagnets are traditionally two-dimensional planar structures, recent work is expanding nanomagnetism into three dimensions; a move triggered by the advance of unconventional synthe...
https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.06614
We report the fabrication and magnetic imaging of high-aspect ratio CoNiB nanotubes. With XMCD-PEEM we evidence multiple magnetic domains and domain walls in these nanotubes. Surprisingly, magnetization in the domains is orthoradial (azimuthal, vortex-like), a situation not anticipated by theory for long nanotubes....
Using focused electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID), we fabricate vertical, platinum-coated cobalt nanowires with a controlled three-dimensional structure. The latter is engineered to feature bends along the height: these are used as pinning sites for domain walls, the presence of which we investigate using X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMC...
We have used Brillouin Light Scattering spectroscopy to independently determine the in-plane Magneto-Crystalline Anisotropy and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) in out-of-plane magnetized Au/Co/W(110). We found that the DMI strength is 2.5 larger along the bcc[001] than along the bcc[-110] direction. We use analytical considerations to i...
We have used Brillouin Light Scattering spectroscopy to independently determine the in-plane Magneto-Crystalline Anisotropy and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) in out-of-plane magnetized Au/Co/W(110). We found that the DMI strength is 2-3 times larger along the bcc$[\bar{1}10]$ than along the bcc$[001]$ direction. We use analytical cons...
Segmented magnetic nanowires are a promising route for the development of three dimensional data storage techniques. Such devices require a control of the coercive field and the coupling mechanisms between individual magnetic elements. In our study, we investigate electrodeposited nanomagnets within host templates using vibrating sample magnetometr...
Segmented magnetic nanowires are a promising route for the development of three dimensional data storage techniques. Such devices require a control of the coercive field and the coupling mechanisms between individual magnetic elements. In our study, we investigate electrodeposited nanomagnets within host templates using vibrating sample magnetometr...
We probe magnetic domain walls in cylindrical soft magnetic nanowires using electron holography. We detail the modelling of expected contrast for both transverse and Bloch point domain walls and provide comparison with experimental observations performed on NiCo nanowires, involving also both magnetic and electrostatic contribution to the electron...
A preparative strategy is presented towards a three-dimensional magnetic data storage medium based on arrays of parallel, cylindrical metallic nanowires structured along their length. The preparation utilizes porous anodic alumina as an inert template that defines the geometry (cylinder length, diameter and pitch), combined with galvanic deposition...
We probe magnetic domain walls in cylindrical soft magnetic nanowires using electron holography. We detail the modelling of expected contrast for both transverse and Bloch point domain walls and provide comparison with experimental observations performed on NiCo nanowires, involving also both magnetic and electrostatic contribution to the electron...
We report several procedures for the robust nucleation of magnetic domain walls in cylindrical permalloy nanowires. Specific features of the magnetic force microscopy contrast of such soft wires are discussed, with a view to avoid the misinterpretation of the magnetization states. The domain walls could be moved under quasistatic magnetic fields in...
We report several procedures for the robust nucleation of magnetic domain walls in cylindrical permalloy nanowires. Specific features of the magnetic force microscopy contrast of such soft wires are discussed, with a view to avoid the misinterpretation of the magnetization states. The domain walls could be moved under quasistatic magnetic fields in...
Using magnetic force microscopy and micromagnetic simulations, we studied the effect of Oersted magnetic fields on transverse magnetic domain walls in Fe20Ni80/Ir bilayer nanostrips. Applying nanosecond current pulses with a current density of around 2×1012 A/m2, the magnetization direction of a transverse domain wall in the Fe20Ni80-layer could be...
So far magnetic domain walls in one-dimensional structures have been described theoretically only in the cases of flat strips, or cylindrical structures with a compact cross-section, either square or disk. Here we describe an extended phase diagram unifying the two pictures, extensively covering the (width, thickness) space. It is derived on the ba...
We investigated head-to-head domain walls in nanostrips of epitaxial
$\mathrm{Fe}_4\mathrm{N}(001)$ thin films, displaying a fourfold magnetic
anisotropy. Magnetic force microscopy and micromagnetic simulations show that
the domain walls have specific properties, compared to soft magnetic materials.
In particular, strips aligned along a hard axis o...
A number of aspects of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) specific to the imaging of hard magnetic films have been studied. Firstly, we show that topographic images made in tapping mode with probes characterized by the moderate cantilever stiffness usual for MFM (1−4 N/m), contain artifacts due to strong probe-sample interactions which lead to probe r...
Magnetic properties of Mn5Ge3C0.7 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been studied. SQUID-VSM measurements and magnetic force microscopy have been used to probe the magnetic state and determine the relevant magnetic parameters. The results are supported by a combination of improved Saito's and Kittel's models. The moderate perpendicular...
Magnetic domain walls (DWs) in nanostructures are low-dimensional objects that separate regions with uniform magnetisation. Since they can have different shapes and widths, DWs are an exciting playground for fundamental research, and became in the past years the subject of intense works, mainly focused on controlling, manipulating, and moving their...
Shadow X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Photo-Emission Electron Microscopy
(XMCD-PEEM) is a recent technique, in which the photon intensity in the shadow
of an object lying on a surface, may be used to gather information about the
three-dimensional magnetization texture inside the object. Our purpose here is
to lay the basis of a quantitative anal...
In order to improve the precision of domain wall dynamics measurements, we develop a coplanar waveguide-based setup where the domain wall motion should be triggered by pulses of magnetic field. The latter are produced by the Oersted field of the waveguide as a current pulse travels toward its termination, where it is dissipated. Our objective is to...
In recent years, magnetic nano-objects have received a growing attention owing to the development of small-scale fabrication as well as prospects of applications. From magnetically controlled micro-tweezers to radiofrequency oscillators using vortices in nanoparticles [1], a large number of devices which exploit magnetic properties arising on the n...
In order to improve the precision of domain wall dynamics measurements, we
develop a coplanar waveguide-based setup where the domain wall motion should be
triggered by pulses of magnetic field. The latter are produced by the Oersted
field of the waveguide as a current pulse travels toward its termination, where
it is dissipated. Our objective is to...
So far magnetic domain walls in one-dimensional structures have been
described theoretically only in the cases of flat strips, or cylindrical
structures with a compact cross-section, either square or disk. Here we
describe an extended phase diagram unifying the two pictures, extensively
covering the (width,thickness) space. It is derived on the bas...
Magnetic frustration effects in artificial kagome arrays of nanomagnets with
out-of-plane magnetization are investigated using Magnetic Force Microscopy and
Monte Carlo simulations. Experimental and theoretical results are compared to
those found for the artificial kagome spin ice, in which the nanomagnets have
in-plane magnetization. In contrast w...
Polarized small-angle neutron scattering (PSANS) experimental results
obtained on arrays of ferromagnetic Co nanowires ($\phi\approx13$ nm) embedded
in self-organized alumina (Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$) porous matrices are reported. The
triangular array of aligned nanowires is investigated as a function of the
external magnetic field with a view to determine...
Almost free-standing graphene can be obtained on metals by decoupling graphene from its substrate, for instance by intercalation of atoms beneath graphene, as it was shown with oxygen atoms [1]. We show that the interaction of oxygen with epitaxial graphene on iridium leads to the formation of an ultrathin crystalline oxide extending between graphe...
Polarized SANS results obtained on ferromagnetic Co nanowires embedded in alumina (Al2O3) porous matrices are reported. The triangular arrays of aligned nanowires are investigated as a function of the external magnetic field in order to determine experimentally the real space magnetization M(r) distribution inside the material during the magnetic h...