Olivier Aguerre-Chariol

• French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks

The coming years are expected to bring rapid changes in the nanotechnology regulatory landscape, with the establishment of a new framework for nano-risk governance, in silico approaches for characterisation and risk assessment of nanomaterials, and novel procedures for the early identification and management of nanomaterial risks. In this context,...

A mini particle sampler (MPS) equipped with a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grid enables convenient particle sampling to subsequent analysis. However, its sampling efficiency involves uncertainties, and accurate sampling efficiency is required for particle collection applications. In this study, the sampling efficiency uncertainties from m...

Many solid materials contain nanoparticles to enhance their functionalities. The question of whether they may release nanoparticles at different moments of their life cycle is raised. Lifecycle includes waste management. There is therefore a need to determine the fate of nanoparticles when the materials they are incorporated in are incinerated. The...

The recently developed aerosol sampler called mini particle sampler (MPS), which is equipped with a porous transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grid, renders nanoparticle sampling convenient. The present study aims to improve the nanoparticle sampling efficiency and to optimize the sampling technology. The sensitivity of the parameters in the who...

Pulmonary exposure to micro- and nanoscaled particles has been widely linked to adverse health effects and high concentrations of respirable particles are expected to occur within and around many industrial settings. In this study, a field-measurement campaign was performed at an industrial manufacturer, during the production of paints. Spatial and...

The implementation of Safe(r) by Design (SbD) in industrial innovations requires an integrated approach where the human, environmental and economic impact of the SbD measures is evaluated across and throughout the nanomaterial (NM) life cycle. SbD was implemented in six industrial companies where SbD measures were applied to NMs, nano-enabled produ...

Several industries manufacture and process large quantities of engineered nanomaterials, thus increasing the potential for their environmental release during waste management and disposal. Herein, we quantified the release and spatial distribution of titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2 NMs) emitted from an industrial waste stream that flows into a...

The aim of this work was to assess whether with high amounts of nano-silica filled cured resins release nano-particles upon their abrasion, as this could form an occupational health risk and require specific safety measures. A standardised abrasion stress method involving a Taber linear abrasion apparatus (Model 5750) has been applied to the filled...

Risk assessment has been conducted by quantitative and qualitative methods during explosion severity tests in a 20 L sphere for carbon black (N990) and MWCNT (NC7000™). The qualitative risk assessment was performed by control banding with CB Nanotool and StoffenManager Nano. The methodology for the quantitative assessment was based on general recom...

Nanomaterials have been widely used in a wide range of manufactured products in order to improve / add new properties. Photocatalytic cement maintains clean and white wall fronts and also provide interesting air pollution-reducing properties due to photocatalytic activity of incorporated TiO2-NMs. However, despite these environmental benefits, ther...

Surface coatings are one promising option to prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation given the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is presently considered to be the only photocatalytic material suitable for commercial use, although the toxicity risks of TiO2, particularly in its nanoparticulate for...

Contribution to the characterization of nanoparticle emissions at workplace ABSTRACT The intensive use of nanomaterials could lead to an increased risk of nanoparticle exposure. This study aims to present a new method to characterize NP exposure at workplace. This work is the fruitful results of 6 measurement campaigns at workplaces performed in th...

The growing use of common consumer goods made of materials containing nanoparticles could increase the exposure of consumers to these substances during their lifecycle. In view of evaluating this risk a setup and experimental protocol of weathering and mechanical solicitation was realized. Tests on two paints were performed. One of them releases ma...

Most dustiness studies do not measure dust release over long durations, nor do they characterize the effect of dust release on bulk powders. In this study, we tested the dustiness of two different samples of silicon carbide (SiC) powders (referred to as F220 and F320) over six hours using a vortex shaker. Additionally, we characterized the bulk sam...

Characterization of the exposition to nanoparticles and nano-objects at workplaces is a huge technical challenge. Workplace exposure during short durations is particularly difficult to detect due to the low performances of the samplers. This article proposes a solution allowing for characterizing emissions at workplaces and presents the results obt...

The intensive use of building nanomaterials lead to an increased risk of nanoparticle exposure. The present document aims to summarize works on nanoparticle emissions in the water, the air and the ageing effects on nanomaterial. A vast literature describes the release in the water and sometimes highlights the implicated quantities. In this case, me...

La manutention et la mise en oeuvre des matériaux granulaires peuvent libérer de fines particules de poussière qui, dans un contexte industriel, peuvent affecter la santé et la sécurité des travailleurs, le fonctionnement global de l’installation et mener à des émissions dans l’environnement. La capacité d’un matériau à libérer des particules, puis...

Les nanomatériaux sont des matériaux composés de nano-objets (nanoparticules) de dimension nanométrique (inférieure à 100 nm). Ils peuvent être libres, agrégés, agglomérés, liés à une matrice ou incorporés dans un liquide. Au cours de leur cycle de vie, les nanomatériaux sont susceptibles de relarguer des nano-objets suivant des mécanismes très var...

Nos essais d’abrasion portent sur des tests de revêtements nanostructurés. Deux familles sont étudiées : les revêtements de façades et les carrelages. Nous constatons : Une forte émissivité de nanoparticules libres de TiO2 pour les revêtements de façade vieillis. Une très forte émissivité associée de NOAA de TiO2 pour des carrelages. Les risques...

The potential environmental risk arising from the incineration of waste containing nanomaterials is a new field which deserves further attention. Some recent studies have begun to focus on this topic but the data are incomplete. In addition, there is a need to consider real life waste. The present study gives some insight into the fate and behavior...

Le dioxyde de titane sous forme nanoparticulaire est une substance photocatalytique produite depuis quelques décennies. Elle trouve des usages industriels dans des domaines variés, tels que la protection anti-UV (crèmes solaires) ou les matériaux auto-nettoyants et antibactériens (pare-brises ou façades en verre, ciments, revêtements de façade, rev...

For the first time in a century, the Cypraeidae and Ovulidae of the middle Ypresian of the Paris basin are reviewed systematically and taxonomically. Two species whose types are lost, have not been collected again. However, this assemblage appears to be relatively diverse with ten genera encompassing seventeen species. Among them, six new species o...

Background Recently, much progress has been made to develop more physiologic in vitro models of the respiratory system and improve in vitro simulation of particle exposure through inhalation. Nevertheless, the field of nanotoxicology still suffers from a lack of relevant in vitro models and exposure methods to predict accurately the effects observe...

The study presented here focuses on commercial antibacterial tiles whose emissivity of (nano) particles due to abrasion has yet barely been investigated. The tiles have been characterized regarding their surface properties and composition throughout their chain-of-use, i.e. from their state of commercialization until the experimental end-of-service...

The NANOFOL concept aims at creating nano-devices containing a drug for inflammatory disorder treatment. This article provides recommendations for nanosafety based on a measurement campaign which aimed at identifying exposure risks with respect to two specific phases of the product’s lifecycle, i.e. production of the device and its waste management...

Nanoparticle surface chemistry is known to play a crucial role in interactions with cells and their related cytotoxic effects. As inhalation is a major route of exposure to nanoparticles, we studied specific uptake and damages of well-characterized fluorescent 50 nm polystyrene (PS) nanobeads harboring different functionalized surfaces (non-functio...

Release of nanomaterials may occur during any stage of the life-cycle and can eventually lead to exposure to humans, the environment or products. Due to the large number of combinations of release processes and nanomaterials, release scenarios can currently only be tested on a case-by-case basis. This chapter presents five case studies on nanomater...

The growing use of nanomaterials requires the development of tools enabling study of the risks to consumer, worker, and environment.This study relates to the risk of suspension of inhalable particles upon production and/or use of powders constituted of nanoobjects, andmore specifically to the potential of the vortex shaker as apparatus for determin...

Release of nanomaterials may occur during any stage of the life-cycle and can eventually lead to exposure to humans, the environment or products. Due to the large number of combinations of release processes and nanomaterials, release scenarios can currently only be tested on a case-by-case basis. This chapter presents five case studies on nanomater...

Determining the risk of exposure to nanomaterial inhalation at a workstation is a complex process. Many questions beg for answers, in particular concerning the source of the particles. What precisely is the source? Are there multiple sources? How do you distinguish the sources and measure background noise? How does the source work, and in particula...

The use of a vortex shaker for particle aerosolization from pseudo-bidisperse micron-sized alumina bulk powders has been studied in view of its application as a dustiness characterization method. A parametric study has been carried out with respect to the bulk mass as well as the vortex speed. A minimum sample size and lower and upper limits for th...

The potential colloids release from a large panel of 25 solid industrial and municipal waste leachates, contaminated soil, contaminated sediments and landfill leachates was studied. Standardized leaching, cascade filtrations and measurement of element concentrations in the microfiltrate (MF) and ultrafiltrate (UF) fraction were used to easily detec...

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) offers a very comprehensive tool for individual particle analysis allowing the determination of size, morphology, specific surface, and elemental composition. This information is needed in aerosol studies, especially in the field of nanomaterials. However, observation...

La mise en suspension de poudres est un processus essentiel dans différents domaines : il permet d'étudier la physico-chimie de la phase " aérosol " d'une poudre donnée. Un tel système est indispensable pour mener des études toxicologiques par inhalation in vivo. Dans le domaine de la protection des personnes (travailleur, consommateur) et de l'env...

Le développement des nanomatériaux offre des opportunités d'innovation (ex : bétons contenant une nano-charge) dans le domaine du bâtiment et des travaux publics. La nano-charge ayant toutefois un effet potentiel sur l'homme et l'environnement , il est nécessaire d'étudier son possible relargage en conditions d'usage, afin, si nécessaire, de faire...

La caractérisation des propriétés physico-chimiques des aérosols est un besoin récurrent dans nombre d'études et de recherches menées en hygiène professionnelle, physico-chimie de l'atmosphère, etc. Ce besoin est particulièrement aigu dans les études sur le risque lié aux nanomatériaux (NM), car il faut pourvoir identifier les particules issues des...

See also the poster n° p5a5 for details on the studies with concrete (collaboration with CTG company).

Pollution of water is a matter of concern all over the earth. Particles are known to play an important role in the transportation of pollutants in this medium. In addition, the emergence of new materials such as NOAA (Nano-Objects, their Aggregates and their Agglomerates) emphasizes the need to develop adapted instruments for their detection. Surve...

The industrial scale production and wide variety of applications of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) and their possible release during use step into the natural aquatic environment have produced an increasing concern among the nanotechnology and environmental science community. A part of this production concerns a new type of cement, called self-cl...

When assessing the hazards properties of nanomaterials in the environment, the main research challenges are numerous. Firstly, determining if nanomaterials are more or less toxic than the bulk forms of the same materials and the extent to which toxicity is governed or influenced by the physico-chemicals properties of the nanoparticles. Secondly, it...

Aerosols may be defined as an ensemble of solid and / or liquid particles suspended in a gas with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to a few micrometers. Aerosols released in the course of industrial processes may represent a threat for workers and the environment. Possible emission of micrometric / submicrometric particles such as CNT (carbon na...

L'usure de produits finis (nano-structurés ou non) est susceptible de provoquer l'émission de particules de taille nanométrique ou submicronique. Le risque induit par ce phénomène devient une préoccupation croissante en termes d'enjeux sanitaires et environnementaux (rapport ANSES, 2010). L'émissivité des produits finis peut être étudiée en chambre...

Environmental exposure refers to exposure of the population outside the occupational context (see Chap. 6.4) and excluding also medical exposure. The kind of exposure discussed in this chapter is due to the presence of nanoparticles in the various environmental compartments, such as the air (indoors or outdoors), water (water for drinking, bathing,...

The main objectives of this work were to establish the behaviour of a ceria nanopowder in different ecotoxicological media commonly used in standardized aquatic ecotoxicity tests and consequently to assess the acute and chronic ecotoxicity in two micro-invertebrates: Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia and in a freshwater green algae: Pseudokirchn...

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are deemed as revolutionary materials very likely to be utilized in numerous fields such as electronics, energy, and medicine, to name but a few. The emergence of this new fiber-shaped material with remarkable properties and dimensions of a few micrometers in length and a few tens of nanometers in diameter raises concerns ab...

NANOPARTICLES ; TEM SAMPLER EFFICIENCY

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are deemed as revolutionary materials very likely to be utilized in numerous fields such as electronics, energy, and medicine, to name but a few. The emergence of this new fiber-shaped material with remarkable properties and dimensions of a few micrometers in length and a few tens of nanometers in diameter raises concerns ab...

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are deemed as revolutionary materials very likely to be utilized in numerous fields such as electronics, energy, and medicine, to name but a few. The emergence of this new fiber-shaped material with remarkable properties and dimensions of a few micrometers in length and a few tens of nanometers in diameter raises concerns ab...

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are one of the most promising nanomaterials because of their intrinsic properties. So, it becomes urgent to assess their toxicity. However, CNT are insoluble in aqueous media required for toxicological studies. Thus, we propose a simple method to disperse CNT for toxicological studies using a biomolecule: The albumin. To eval...

We report on small-angle neutron scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy of complexes made from polyelectrolyte-neutral block copolymers and surfactants. Two block copolymer/surfactant systems have been investigated. In the first system, the polyelectrolyte block is negatively charged (poly(sodium acrylate), molecular weight 5 000 g/mo...

The structural polymorphism of DNA/lipopolyamine (multi-cationic lipid) complexes has been studied by X-ray diffraction and cryo-electron microscopy. Monovalent salt and temperature effects have been analyzed. Depending on the treatment applied to the lipidic solution prior to DNA addition, two types of structure can be obtained for identical final...

The lubrication mechanisms of water-based fluids are not yet well understood, especially when extreme load conditions are applied. The example of lamellar crystallite particles in water, provided by an emulsion-like technology, is described in this paper. It is shown, for the first time, that the presence of such nanostructures in the sliding inter...

Formation of a dominant population of closed loops in wormlike micellar systems, theoretically predicted but never reported so far, is achieved with a new cationic surfactant tetramer. The contour length distribution N(L) of the closed-looped micelles is determined by transmission electron microscopy at cryogenic temperature. At large contour lengt...

We have recently discovered that cationic cholesterol derivatives characterized by guanidinium polar headgroups are very efficient for gene transfection in vitro and in vivo. In spite of being based on some rationale at the molecular level, the development of these new synthetic vectors was nevertheless empirical. Indeed, the factors and processes...

We present an experimental study of spontaneous emulsification of a surfactant solution brought into contact with a pure oil. Because vescicles are present in the surfactant solution, the dynamics can be followed directly using phase contrast microscopy. The study is performed in a microemulsion forming system for which the phase diagram is known....

The flow deformation and rheology of vesicles of a soluble surfactant are studied. Direct observation under shear flow reveals that the vesicles become strongly elongated to form an entangled structure of connected bilayer tubes. The large deformation is due to the permeability of the membrane and the large solubility of the surfactant. The formati...

Gene therapy is based on the vectorization of genes to target cells and their subsequent expression. Cationic amphiphile-mediated delivery of plasmid DNA is the nonviral gene transfer method most often used. We examined the supramolecular structure of lipopolyamine/plasmid DNA complexes under various condensing conditions. Plasmid DNA complexation...

Noticeable modifications of in-serum transfection efficiency of dioctadecylamidoglycyl-spermine (DOGS)-DNA complexes are observed, depending on DNA condensation conditions. The structures of the complexes are studied, keeping in mind the variability of lipid polymorphism, by cryo-transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. By increasing...

The precipitation in water of hydrophobic molecules has been studied in presence of addded surfactants. Amorphous particles grow trough aggregation of clusters of hydrophobic molecules; the growth is terminated by adsorption of surfactant. The particle sizes vary according to the concentrations of hydrophobic molecules and of surfactant molecules....

A new method is proposed to measure the curvature elastic modulus k c of a membrane, by observing the thermal induced fluctuations of the shape of a spherical vesicle. Observations of the liposomes were carried out under a microscospe working in the regime of Nomarski differential interference contrast. We show that the value of kc thus measured is...

“New Trends in Colliod Science” contains the proceedings of the foundation meeting of the European Colloid and Interface Society (ECIS), October 1–3, 1986. Representatives from the major European groups working in this field contributed to the conference. The volume contains an up-to-date account of present developments in Colloid Science. The cont...

The precipitation in water of hydrophobic molecules has been studied in presence of added surfactants. Amorphous particles grow through aggregation of clusters of hydrophobic molecules; the growth is terminated by adsorption of surfactant. The particle qizes vary accord- ing to the concentrations of hydrophobic molecules and of surfactant molecules...