Oliver NakoinzChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel | CAU · Lehrstuhl für Urgeschichte
Oliver Nakoinz
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Publications (165)
This volume is designed as a 12-lecture textbook, which can serve as a course companion, self teaching guide and handbook for basic concepts. Each lecture comprises 20 pages, in which the methods are introduced, examples shown and the code is given. All examples are computed with open source software, mainly R, and with archaeological data availabl...
Point Pattern Analysis (PPA) has gained momentum in archaeological research, particularly in site distribution pattern recognition compared to supra-regional environmental variables. While PPA is now a statistically well-established method, most of the data necessary for the analyses are not freely accessible, complicating reproducibility and trans...
The sound interpretation and convincing detection of transformations require dense data from different domains. This chapter aims to develop some rather simple indicators that can be used to identify and characterise transformations using change profiles. This chapter concentrates on location-based indicators that are applied to case studies from t...
Transport research is a multidisciplinary field that extends beyond technical aspects. As such, it can provide significant insights into societies, economies, and cultures. In this study, we take a broader perspective that encompasses transport, interaction, and connectivity. These three terms are interconnected, with transport and interaction bein...
On the road again. Every summer, a caravan of cars and camper vans moves north to Denmark, Sweden and on to Norway. The destination for thousands of visitors are the summer cottages and campsites of Scandinavia. Counts of overnight stays from 2019 show that the west coast of Denmark around centres such as Ribe and Ringkøbing, Skagen, and Djursland...
Connectivity is a buzzword used for the description of the change of the current
world in the context of globalisation, social media, and digitalisation. Furthermore,
connectivity also appears to be a useful concept in order to understand ancient
developments. This article clarifies the term ‘connectivity’ and discusses the two
associated facets ‘i...
The proliferation of web-based geographic interfaces for the investigation of archaeological phenomena naturally leads to the conclusion that super-regional perspectives can now be assembled for numerous archaeological phenomena. Hillforts or fortifications are one of the clearest examples of this trend with many regional and national scale compila...
Als Konsequenz aus der Kritik an ethnisierenden Kulturbegriffen baut Klaus P. Hansen seit Ende der 2000er-Jahre seine Kultur- zur Kollektivtheorie um. Statt kulturelle Standardisierungen mehr oder weniger unreflektiert Ethnien oder Nationen zuzuschreiben, stellt er explizit die Frage nach den Kulturträgern selbst: Kollektive jeder Form, Größe und S...
Fortifications are perceived to be linked to conflict and warfare or ritualistic usage in archaeology. But how can archaeologists understand the functionality of fortifications better? In this paper, we maintain that fortifications play specific roles in escalation as well as in de-escalation processes and that these roles are tightly connected to...
Als Konsequenz aus der Kritik an ethnisierenden Kulturbegriffen baut Klaus P. Hansen seit Ende der 2000er-Jahre seine Kultur- zur Kollektivtheorie um. Statt kulturelle Standardisierungen mehr oder weniger unreflektiert Ethnien oder Nationen zuzuschreiben, stellt er explizit die Frage nach den Kulturträgern selbst: Kollektive jeder Form, Größe und S...
Interviewpartner
Dr. Michael Kempf war tätig an der Masaryk Universität Brünn und außerdem Visiting Scholar am McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research der Universität Cambridge. Im Juni 2022 begann seine Tätigkeit am Institut für Landschaftsökologie und Geoinformation der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU Kiel). Er ist Archäologe...
The increasing use of quantitative methods and computer-based analytical tools in scientific work is accompanied by a crisis of reproducibility. This is mainly due to the lack of basic knowledge of how to use computers, how to integrate data into them and how to transform them into an analysable form. In combination with proprietary software, this...
In the past numerous concepts of urbanity have been discussed and a variety of criteria for towns have been developed. They include size, population, legal aspects, way of life, structural and functional approaches. However, since the mentioned criteria cover only a part of the phenomenon and partly use fixed and arbitrary thresholds, they are not...
Interaction represents the main drivers of historic, economic, social, and cultural processes and is addressed by many archaeological approaches, including culture and networks. Interaction can be measured using site distribution, exchanged objects and cultural distances. These approaches of developing empirical interaction models are explained. A...
The notion of culture considerably changed during the previous two and a half
centuries and also induced a change of concepts of transculturality. In this article
we present six models of transculturality which are the models of distinct cultures,
of interculturality, of multiculturality, of interaction processes, of contingent inter-
action proces...
In this study, we present a modeling approach that investigates how much cultivable land was required to supply a society and whether societies were in need when environmental conditions deteriorated. The approach is implemented for the North-Eastern Peloponnese and is based upon the location of Late Helladic IIIB (1300–1200 BCE) archaeological sit...
Location modeling, both inductive and deductive, is widely used in archaeology to predict or investigate the spatial distribution of sites. The commonality among these approaches is their consideration of only spatial effects of the first order (i.e., the interaction of the locations with the site characteristics). Second-order effects (i.e., the i...
How did socio-cultural transformation processes change land-use patterns? Throughout the last 50 years, outstanding comprehensive geographic, archaeobiological, and archaeological data have been produced for the area of Oldenburger Graben, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Based on this exceptional data set, we are able to study the land-use patterns fo...
Societies undergo continuous dynamics and change. By investigating the spatial structure of societal remains and material culture, we tried to get insights into the processes of their landscapes creation. Ritual practices, economic strategies, or the societal structure are stored in the landscape as a form of cultural contextualization. We presumed...
We present a new three‐dimensional (3D) marine seismic data acquisition system, named PingPong, developed for archaeological prospection in shallow water. Prospection targets for the system are ancient harbour sites and sedimented remains of shipwrecks. The prospection of such targets often means working at the transition from land to water, in are...
Die (Re)konstruktion und räumliche Situierung kollektiver Identitäten stellt einen zentralen Bestandteil altertumswissenschaftlicher Praxis dar. Doch obwohl Karten als Analyseinstrument und Darstellungsmethode eine wesentliche Rolle spielen, sind ihre Implikationen und Effekte bislang jedoch nur unzureichend vergleichend untersucht. Dabei hat man i...
Vor fast 100 Jahren wurde die Theorie Zentraler Orte von Walter Christaller entwickelt. Dieser Ansatz spielte in der Geographie über Jahrzehnte hinweg eine große Rolle und gilt heute als obsolet. In der Archäologie ist der Ansatz allerdings noch immer von großer Bedeutung. Die vorliegende Arbeit beabsichtigt eine Reflexion und Modifikation der zent...
Discussions on modelling the past have identified the crisis of ideas in archaeological research beyond the Age of paradigms. There is the basic issue that, quantitative or not, modelling demands simplification, creating a caricature of the society it is describing. We have to question whether highly theoretic archaeological modelling, with a tende...
Observing and establishing the relationships between variables is one of the most important tools for scientific research. Regression and correlation are concerned with the relationship between two or more variables. A correlation measures the degree of dependency of two variables. While correlation establishes a degree of relationship, it does not...
Long-term research interest in the Mediterranean has produced a substantial body of data and concepts that make
it a fascinating testing ground for new approaches on identity, alterity, and connectivity. For the inhabitants of the
Mediterranean, the sea evidently influenced their lives and their thinking in a significant way. (Pre-)history, philolo...
In this contribution, we apply different methods of spatial and geomorphometric analysis in order to present a general approach of data exploration in areas where detailed local information is absent. Our data are based on locations of megalithic graves from Funnel Beaker societies (3700–2800 BCE) in the area of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Using t...
Zusammenfassung
In der Vorrömischen Eisenzeit finden europaweit Prozesse statt, die einen grundlegenden Wandel gesellschaftlicher ebenso wie wirtschaftlicher und vermutlich politischer Strukturen beinhalten. Regional jedoch scheinen sich diese Prozesse zu unterscheiden, so dass eine einheitliche Entwicklung sich nur mäßig abzeichnet und die Prozess...
The importance of a place can be assessed via an analysis of its centrality. However, although central place research has a long history, there is no generally accepted theoretical base, leading to continuous debates about the core elements of centrality and those features that ultimately constitute the centrality of a place. We propose a generaliz...
Grouping techniques employ similarities within data to create new entities, which lend themselves to the interpretation process. This article presents three different grouping approaches, each originally developed independently, and applied to a common dataset of archaeological finds. The aim is not to search for the right approach or results, in a...
In this contribution we apply different methods of spatial and geomorphometric analysis in order to present a general approach of data exploration in areas where detailed local information is absent. Our data are based on locations of megalithic graves from Funnel Beaker societies (3700-2800 BCE) in the area of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Using th...
Burgen, die sich in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft befinden, werfen die Frage auf, ob zwischen ihnen einst ein engerer Zusammenhang bestanden hat. Man spricht von Mehrfachburgen, wenn mindestens zwei separate, aber benachbarte und zur gleichen Zeit genutzte Burganlagen eine funktionale Einheit darstellten. Die bronzezeitlichen Burgwälle von Lossow und...
Dieser Beitrag schafft mit einer Übersicht zu bronze- und eisenzeitlichen Befestigungsanlagen im nördlichen Mittel- und im südlichen Nordeuropa die Grundlage für das Verständnis der metallzeitlichen Mehrfachburgen. Befestigungsanlagen werden hierbei definiert als Ein- oder Abgrenzung eines Gebietes mit Wällen, Gräben, Palisaden oder ähnlichen Anlag...
Zentralität im Sinne Christallers geht von einem Zentrum aus, das ein Ergänzungsgebiet beziehungsweise Territorium mit zentralen Funktionen versorgt. Dieser Beitrag stellt Zentralität knapp im Allgemeinen dar und geht dann der Frage nach, ob im Fall von Lossow und Lebus Polyzentralität vorliegen kann. Polyzentralität bedeutet das Vorliegen mehrerer...
The DAAD Cambridge Symposium and McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research
http://www.transcript-verlag.de/978-3-8376-3823-3/Zeitschrift-fuer-Kultur-und-Kollektivwissenschaft
Die Zeitschrift für Kultur- und Kollektivwissenschaft ist ein Forum, das auf der Grundlage der Kulturwissenschaft eine Kollektivwissenschaft entwickeln möchte. Diese angestrebte neue Disziplin lenkt den Blick auf das Kollektiv als Kulturträger und di...
This special volume is dedicated to the proceedings of the session Bridging the Gap – Integrated Approaches in Landscape Archaeology held at the 3rd International Landscape Archaeology Conference (LAC) 2014 in Rome, Italy.
Burgen, die sich in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft befinden, werfen die Frage auf, ob zwischen ihnen einst ein engerer Zusammenhang bestanden hat. Man spricht von Mehrfachburgen, wenn mindestens zwei separate, aber benachbarte und zur gleichen Zeit genutzte Burganlagen eine funktionale Einheit darstellten. Die bronzezeitlichen Burgwälle von Lossow und...
Announcement of workshop session 'Exploring inter-regional interactions in the first Millennium BC
in Europe'
Date: 5th - 9th September 2016
Application Deadline: May 31. 2016
Contact: mod@gshdl.uni-kiel.de
Aim
This Summer School focuses on interaction as a key concept in social life, and on methods for reconstructing and modelling spheres of interaction at different spatial and temporal scales. Students will learn an innovative approach, used in recent...
Book review of Florian Schneider, Neue Studien zur Hunsrück-Eifel-Kultur.
While density analysis only deals with points in a coordinate system, regression and interpolation includes additional information. The points are provided with values. Regression investigates the relationship of the coordinates and the dependent variable. Theoretical functions are used to describe this relationship and these functions are fitted t...
Interactions between individuals, places and the natural environment are the driving forces of history. Interaction models map the likeliness or intensity of interaction to certain parameters. The most important class of parameters influencing interaction is the distance between the interacting entities. Distances may be calculated in geographical,...
This chapter is dedicated to the term ‘model’ which is explored in the first part. The chapter presents different definitions and characterisations of the term ‘model’ and aims to provide readers with a deeper understanding of differences and similarities in the various concepts of models, as well as their practical applications. A brief discussion...
This chapter is dedicated to the question of how to detect structures in rather poor data. The identification of areas with different quantities in a certain reference system is a useful concept to reveal inherent structures in the data. For points without additional information in a coordinate system, density calculation is the preferred method. T...
Geographical and social networks form a broad and fashionable yet important field of research in archaeology and geography. Networks are tightly connected to the mathematical graph theory. This chapter starts by discussing the concepts of network and transportation systems, before we focus on transportation networks. On a local, level pathways are...
While most chapters deal with rather objective parameters that are independent from individuals, this chapter introduces a certain degree of subjectivity by addressing the perception of landscapes. Accordingly, we change our perspective from a distant scientific position to a viewpoint of the ancient observer. We distinguish between sensual and cog...
Location and characterisation of places is the central topic of landscape archaeology. Places can be characterised according to the landscape in which they are located. The information from a landscape classification can be transferred to places; for example, settlements. This chapter discusses both crisp and fuzzy approaches of landscape classific...
Different types of borders and frontiers are subject to research in archaeology and geography. This chapter focuses on borders of cultural areas, which have played a major role in archaeological discussion during the last century. First, the theory of cultural borders is discussed, before the second part of this chapter is dedicated to the reconstr...
Simulations are usually seen as an advanced type of models. They are empirical models of artificial data generated according to theoretical rules, attempting to imitate real processes or structures by applying certain rules on random data or observations. The final model uses techniques to reconstruct empirical models with the input of the artifici...
The emergence and development of modelling in archaeology and geography as well as the relationship of these disciplines is discussed. This narrative is embedded in a broader view on science and humanities. Archaeology and geography are identified as bridging disciplines between the two cultures of science and humanities. This emphasises the interd...
The main software tool used in this book is the open source statistical package and programming language R. This chapter offers a brief introduction to R. The practice and benefits of command-line programs and code scripts are an important part of this chapter in terms of lowering the threshold for usage and fostering a very efficient work flow, in...
In archaeology and geography, many data are available as sets of points. Hence, the analysis of point patterns is an important technique in both disciplines. To start with point processes are mentioned, as predefined rules of the formation of point patterns and hence theoretical models. First-order properties of point processes involve factors of p...
In this paper we argue that while computational methods offer exciting possibilities to archaeology, their large-scale unreflected use is making our discipline too mechanical and mathematical. There is little doubt that many digital methods have made a positive contribution to our work. The use of digital techniques during and in combination with a...
Models are one of the main instruments in scientific research. Disciplines have developed a different model understanding of the notion, function and purpose. We thus need a systematic approach in order to understand, to build and to use a model. This book gives an insight into the discipline modelling know-how in Kiel and is a first starting point...
Points are one of the most important types of data which is used in archaeology. The distribution of sites and finds is used for many different interpretations. This paper is discussing different methods for the detection of patterns based on point distributions. The paper will explore limits and perspectives and questions the premisses of these ap...
When the famous physicist and Nobel price winner Richard Feynman coined the term ’cargo cult science’ in 1974, he observed a lack of integrity in superficially correct research. This paper will show, that the Celtic paradigm is some kind of cargo cult science. Ethnicity as a paradigm in Iron Age research is seldom questioned. But does is possess th...
Linear arrangements of monuments emerge in the 4th and 3th millennium BC. These lines can be interpreted as ways, borders or metaphysical axis. A multifunctional usage can not be excluded. This contribution does not discuss the different interpretations but discuss methods which can be used for the reconstruction of the linear structures. Since pro...
This talk addresses communities as complex systems in archaeology
This study analyses the relationship between Aleppo and settlements in the city’s hinterland based on spatial statistics. A theoretical extension of the term central place is used in reconstructing Aleppo’s central character. Locally the city served as a centre for trade, exchange, and cult activity. In a regional and supra-regional context, advant...
Interaction is a key term in many disciplines and is an abstraction covering many different kinds of interaction. This abstraction allows the development and use of a methodological framework for different applications. The present paper begins by discussing the key term "interaction", followed by an interdisciplinary exploration of the term that h...
brief overview of statistical analysis of xrf measurements of ceramics
The importance of an archaeological site is determined by its centrality, a measure of the interaction at the site. Interactions are assessed by different central functions that are important on different spatial scales. With this integrated approach, applying the knowledge of geography, prehistoric archaeology and classical archaeology, the surrou...
In vielen Disziplinen ist Interaktion ein Schlüsselbegriff und dient als Abstraktion zahlreicher unterschiedlicher Varianten von Interaktion. Diese Abstraktion erlaubt die Entwicklung und Verwendung eines methodischen Rahmens für unterschiedliche Anwendungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beginnt mit einer Diskussion des Terminus „Interaktion“ und fährt...
Zentralorte in parallelen Raumstrukturen Die zentralörtliche Theorie Christallers und ihre Rezeption in der Archäologie Der Ursprung der Zentralortforschung ist in der Dissertation des Geographen Christaller 1 zu sehen. Seine Zielsetzung war es, zu erklären, warum Städte an bestimmten Orten entstehen und warum sie genau an dieser Stelle eine bestim...
concepts for dealing with fuzzy chronological information
Der Umgang mit chronologischen Informationen in Denkmalpflege und Forschung ist insbesondere dann problematisch, wenn es sich um größere Datenbestände handelt. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Kodierung chronologischer Informationen, der Nutzung von Datierungsangaben unterschiedlicher Güte bzw. unscharfen Datierungen sowie der Automatisierun...
In prehistoric times paths were an important basis for communication. Archaeo-geographical research on traffic routes makes is possible to Gain closer insights into the structures of com-munication. For this, we have several methods at hand. Each method will give answers to spe-cific questions. A main distinction is the one
between the reconstructi...
- TBK house structure
- Glass bead with gold foil from Roman Iron Age
Introduction in classification methods in archaeology
Overview of different ship and boat building traditions in Roman times with a focus on Northern Europe.
Studies on Central Places and Central Place Theory For some time studies on Central Places related to Christaller's Central Place Theory have been at the centre of research interest. Especially the core of Christaller's theory, which associates a central place with its periphery by the central function which it serves for its hinterland, is well wo...