Oleh Kutowy

• M Sc
• Research Officer at National Research Council Canada

The rate constant for the irreversible dehydration of a number of aromatic aldehyde hydrates has been measured. The hydrates were generated by constant potential electrolysis of the respective aromatic acid at a rotating disc electrode. The aldehydes are then further reduced to the alcohol. The rate constant can be calculated from the ratio of the...

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In existing processes, extraction and refining of glycoside based sweeteners from stevia leaves involves many process steps including extraction by organic solvents. The purpose of the present study was to develop a process of extraction and refining of sweeteners with reduced number of unit operations and minimization and/or elimination of chemica...

In the chemical-process industries, dilute streams containing valuable ingredients are generated in several unit operations. Mechanical vapor-recompression is the best available technology for vaporization that may be used for concentrating such dilute solutions. Energy consumption for vaporization by compression and membrane technology is 350 and...

Ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) were tested as potential methods of treating poultry abattoir chiller tank effluent for recycling. Various ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes were tested for their fouling propensities as well as for their ability to produce a permeate which meets Agriculture and Agri-food Canada's guidelines f...

Humic acids of high molecular weight were removed from spent Bayer liquor by polymeric ultrafiltration membranes. Among the commercial and laboratory-cast membranes tested, Radel-R polyphenylsulfone on a polypropylene backing material was found to be the most promising candidate for this separation. However, the maximum separation of humic acids ob...

Pervaporation of dilute benzyl alcohol solutions was studied using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes. The membrane performance was investigated under various temperatures, downstream pressures and feed concentrations. The benzyl alcohol concentration in the permeate decreased dramatically by increasing the downstream pressure, but increased by...

The characteristic behaviour of the polysulfone (PSF), poly-(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone) (PVP), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) ultrafiltration membrane casting solution system was investigated. Solutions containing different weight percentages of PSF and PVP were prepared. Zero-shear casting solution viscosities were determined. Membranes were then cast u...

Partition coefficients (Ka) necessary for the understanding of solute-material interactions was experimentally generated by liquid chromatography. Using three commercial polysulfones (Udel, Victrex and Radel) as the stationary phase and water as the mobile phase, retention behavior for a series of alcohols and sugars were determined. The logarithm...

Polysulfone interfacial properties were determined using HPLC. the equilibrium distribution coefficients for a series of inorganic salts as well as a series of poly-ethylene glycols with different molecular weights are presented. the difference in solute-polymer interactions are explained in terms of differences in the polymer structure. Hansen's s...

Polysulfone membranes made from Union Carbide Udel PI1700 and ICI Victrex 200P, machine cast onto a spun bonded polyester or polyethylene backing, were evaluated for their ability to separate bitumen solutions into heavy and light oil fractions. Membranes were tested in a batch operation, using a plate and frame device. Permeate was continuously co...

Polysulfone has been carboxylated, via a metalated intermediate, by reaction of a THF solution of polymer with n-butyllithium and then treatment with carbon dioxide. The polymer reactions with n-butyllithium were close to quantitative and did not require the use of a tertiary amine catalyst. A series of polymers ranging from 0.2 to 1.9 carboxyl gro...

A variety of functional groups can be substituted on aromatic polysulphones by a process of bromination followed by metalation. Both Udel polysulphone and Radel polyphenylsulphone were brominated at room temperature using bromine without a catalyst. Repeat units containing two bromine atoms at the electrophilic site in the bisphenol portion were ob...

A variety of commercial and NRC developed polysulfone membranes were evaluated for the processing of crude oil feedstocks. The products of the process are a permeate which is the equivalent of a gas oil and a concentrate enriched in asphaltenes. A systematic study of the effects of temperature, pressure and circulation flow has been completed for M...

Surface energy considerations in the context of membrane preparation are examined. The viability of a membrane-casting system can be successfully assessed with pertinent surface tension data. It is illustrated how surface tension data for multicomponent casting solutions can be used to resolve the surface structure of asymmetric reverse osmosis mem...

Chemical modification of aromatic polysulfones by sulfonation and chloromethylation provides polymers with functional groups which make them more versatile as membrane materials. Lithiation has been employed in the modification of polystyrene, poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)ether, polyvinylthiophene, and styrene-sulfur dioxide copolymers, but has...

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Three types of polysulfone polymers (Udel, Rdel, and Victrex) were used for for making flat ultrafiltration membranes. Several film casting variables were investigated. Detailed with Victrex polymer, using NMP as the solvent and PVP as the additives in the casting solution and H//2SO//4-H//2O as the gelation medium, showed that variations in the co...

This paper concerns the theoretical interpretation of the results of a previous experimental study of the sedimentation of oxidized fine aluminum and iron particles in waste kerosene under the influence of an electric field. Following the Kynch analysis of the mode of gravity sedimentation, a modified particle volume flux is introduced to compensat...

This paper reviews briefly a specific application oriented product research and development program for making tubular cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes suitable for ultrafiltration treatment of oily wastewater arising in automotive and similar industries. Details of production, specification, and typical performance of such membranes are...

This study concerns the separation, by electrophoretic sedimentation, of fine positively charged oxidized aluminum and iron particles from waste kerosene used in an aluminum foil rolling operation. Settling experiments were carried out in a laboratory-scale cell which allowed the influence of an electric field to be studied simultaneously with grav...

Conditions for casting high flux tubular and flat cellulose acetate ultra-filtration membranes are given. The usefulness of some of the tubular membranes cast under the above conditions for ultrafiltration applications in industrial water purification and reuse is illustrated. Using ethanol-water mixture as the gelation medium in the temperature ra...

Data on reverse osmosis separations have been obtained for 12 alkali metal halide solutes and 24 organic solutes (including eight alcohols, four aldehydes, seven ketones, and five ethers) with cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) membranes using single-solute dilute aqueous feed solutions at 250 psig. From the analysis of these data, the parameters a...

Twenty-three different casting solution compositions involving cellulose acetate E-938-3 (polymer, P), acetone (solvent, S), and aqueous magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO4)2:H2O = 1:8.5) (nonsolvent, N) were studied for making ultrafiltration membranes. These compositions (expressed in weight units) involved N/P ratios of 0.817 to 1.3 and S/P ratios of...

The mechanism of electroreduction of benzoic acid on mercury and lead cathodes has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry and constant potential electrolysis.The main reaction pathway was found to be via electron transfer to an adsorbed ion-pair on “cation bridge”, the presence of the cation stabilising the benzoate anion at the electrode surfa...

The rate of hydrolysis of acetylsalicylaldehyde has been calculated to be (7±2.5)×10−4 s−1.

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