Oleg Nikolaevich Gadomsky

• Doctor of Sciences
• Professor at Ulyanovsk State University

It has been proven theoretically that light reflected from the surface of an optical metamaterial with a zero refractive index is focused in the area of a focal spot with a radius of λ / 16, where λ is the wavelength of light. It is shown that at a zero refractive index, the laws of refraction and reflection of light are violated, the angles of ref...

This article proves the fundamental possibility of amplifying light by a system of indistinguishable atoms taking into account the delayed dipole-dipole interaction in an external radiation field. It is shown that the amplification of light occurs from an antisymmetric quantum state of the pair of identical atoms, one of which is in an excited stat...

A relation is obtained for the complex refractive index of an optical metamaterial, taking into account the structural factor that determines the discrete distribution of inclusions in the composite. It is shown that a small random change in the structure factor leads to a significant decrease in the refractive index of the metamaterial in a wide r...

This article proves the fundamental possibility of amplifying light by a system of indistinguishable atoms, taking into account the delayed dipole-dipole interaction in the field of external radiation. It is shown that the amplification of light occurs from an antisymmetric quantum state of a pair of identical atoms, one of which is in an excited s...

It is demonstrated that the reflection of light from the surface of silver with a periodic structure in the form of a one-dimensional grating can lead to subwavelength focusing of light near the surface. Under these conditions, the diffraction limit on spatial resolution is given by the expression Δx = a0/2, where a0 is the grating period. For shor...

The method of masking of a large-radius sphere made of an arbitrary material by a masking coating with a random quasi-zero refractive index is substantiated theoretically and experimentally. In this method of masking, the sphere is first coated with a mirror layer (e.g., high-reflectivity silver) and then with a masking layer with a thickness much...

We report on experimental and theoretical evidence of the violation of one of the fundamental principles in the Fresnel optics, namely, light beam reversibility, in new nanostructured composite metamaterials with silver nanoparticle in a polymer matrix. It is shown that optical transmittance of (PMMA + Ag)/glass samples in counter directions is not...

Application of nanostructured composite coatings with a quasi-zero refractive index synthesized using the proposed patented technology provides a 25–30% increase in the efficiency of solar cells as compared to that of analogous solar cells with traditional (e.g., silicon nitride) single-layer interference antireflection coating.

It is shown that external optical radiation in the 450–1200 nm range can be efficiently transformed under the action of bounded light beams to a surface wave that propagates along the external and internal boundaries of a plane-parallel layer with a quasi-zero refractive index. Reflection regimes with complex and real angles of refraction in the la...

A boundary problem in which a plane electromagnetic wave is reflected and refracted at a plane boundary of a semi-infinite optical medium with a quasi-zero refractive index has been solved. Such a medium has a random refractive index taking values in an interval from zero to some finite value less than unity. It means that the concept of a sharp in...

In this study, we present a theoretical description of the experimental spectra of the optical reflection and transmission in a composite layer (PMMA+Ag) with silver nanoparticles. This layer is considered to have a quasi-zero refractive index with a random value. Therefore, there are inhomogeneous boundaries in the layer, and non-Fresnel modes of...

We have derived formulas for the amplitudes of light reflection and refraction at an inhomogeneous interface between two media and in a nanostructured layer with a quasi-zero refractive index. These formulas are applied to explain the experimental spectra of nonspecular light reflection using a nanostructured (PMMA + Ag) layer with silver nanoparti...

We present theoretical and experimental proofs that our synthesized composite material with silver nanoparticles has a quasi-zero refractive index over a wide wavelength range, and the enhanced optical transmission is observed in the material layer. The formulas of the reflectance and transmittance of a layer with a quasi-zero refractive index are...

Nanostructured composite transparent layers based on an acrylic copolymer and silver nanoparticles and synthesized by a technology developed by us are found to have quasi-zero refractive index over a wide range of wavelengths (450–1000 nm) according to an analysis and interpretation of experimental reflection and transmission spectra.

It is shown that, on a surface of optical transparency of a medium with quasi-zero refractive index, surface optical waves traveling along the surface can be excited for different angles of incidence of external radiation. Expressions for the amplitudes of nonspecular reflection and transmission of light waves at an inhomogeneous boundary between t...

We have proved on the basis of the experimental optical reflection and transmission spectra of the nanocomposite film of poly( methyl methacrylate) with silver nanoparticles that (PMMA + Ag) nanocomposite films have quasi-zero refractive indices in the optical wavelength range. We show that to achieve quasi-zero values of the complex index of refra...

A giant photovoltaic effect was revealed in silicon-type photoelectronic converters (solar cells) coated with specific antireflecting films developed by our research group. More specifically, it was found that the ratio of photoconversion efficiency for a solar cell with such an antireflective film on its surface to the efficiency for a solar cell...

A facilities of composite thick films (from 20 to 100 μkm) based on silver nanoparticles in polymethylmethacrylate matrix (Ag-PMMA) as an optical blooming coatings for any optical devices, in particular, silicon cells are investigated. Decreasing of reflection factor for an optical waves more then on 30% from 400 nm to 1100 nm is shown.

Potentialities of PMMA composite films with silver nanoclusters as highly effective nanostructural optical antireflection coatings of silicon solar cells are investigated in a wavelength range from 400 to 1100 nm.

It has been shown that a composite film activated by spherical nanoparticles can ensure ideal optical antireflection when the amplitude of the transmitted light wave is equal to the amplitude of the external wave at various angles of incidence independently on the optical properties of the underlying medium. The amplitude of the reflected wave vani...

It has been shown that the intensity of the electric dipole radiation from an atomic cluster with a certain arrangement of atoms can be much larger (by a factor of 103–108) than the radiation intensity from an isolated atom owing to the interatomic interaction. This giant enhancement of light is accompanied by a significant change in the radiation...

A microscopic justification has been given for the experimentally observed shift and splitting of maxima of light scattering in silver nanoclusters upon changes in their size. It has been shown that the resonances of metallic nanoclusters can be strongly shifted with allowance for the self-effect in an optical-radiation field. A formula has been de...

A survey is offered for the current knowledge of nonlocal electrodynamic equations which in some cases (e.g., in solving boundary value problems in optics) can replace Maxwell's equations. The nonlocal equations are derived using the semi-classical or quantum-electrodynamic approaches. The former involves an expansion of retarded potentials in appr...

The operation principle of a quantum computer is proposed based on a system of dielectric nanoparticles activated with two-level atoms — cubits, in which electric dipole transitions are excited by short intense optical pulses. It is proved that the logical operation (logical operator) CNOT (controlled NOT) is performed by means of time-dependent tr...

The problem of the interaction of a positronium atom with the field of optical and annihilation photons is considered. The solution obtained for the occupation numbers is used to study kinetics of the annihilation decay of a para-positronium atom from two (for example, 1S and 2P) states participating in stimulated optical transitions excited by a l...

It is shown that several parameters of the near-field interaction of particles effectively control the reflectance of the interface between vacuum and a semi-infinite medium in a structured monolayer of nanoparticles, changing it from 0 to 1. The formulas derived for the electric field amplitudes inside and outside the nanostructural layer take int...

Equations of quantum computing in a system of two ensemble qubits are solved. The qubits are spherical nanoparticles activated by two-level atoms. It is proved that a photon echo may occur during quantum computations in an optical quantum computer when the ensemble qubits are selectively excited by short optical pulses. The photon echo phenomenon i...

Radiative transitions in metal clusters are analyzed in terms of quantum transitions of valence electrons that interact with surrounding valence electrons and ion cores. The analysis is based on the solution of the Thomas-Fermi equation for valence electrons in a spherical cluster. The quantum states of valence electrons and the energy and the dipo...

It is shown that magnetic interaction of closely spaced atoms is an electromagnetic field leads to the formation of dimensional magnetic resonances with small widths and frequencies that differ considerably from the frequency of the magnetic resonance of an isolated atom and depend strongly on the interatomic distance and polarization of the exter...

Based on the solution to the boundary problem of resonance optics in which a monolayer of metallic nanoparticles located on the surface of a dielectric interacts with a plane electromagnetic wave, optical fields inside and outside of the monolayer of metallic nanoparticles have been calculated. It is shown that the reflection and refraction of ligh...

It has been shown that nonlinear near-field optical resonances occur in diatomic nanostructures consisting of identical or different two-level atoms in the presence of a radiation field when the dipole-dipole interaction is taken into account. The frequencies of these resonances depend strongly on the intensity of the external optical radiation, on...

Three techniques of optical near-field microscopy are considered. In one of them a probe in the form of a nanosphere interacts with a solid surface. The second technique is a probeless one based on the Brewster reflection of a laser beam from the surface of a non-absorptive dielectric in the presence of foreign atoms at it. The third technique is b...

Near-field interaction of two metallic nanoparticles is considered at small spacings between their centers in the field of an external optical radiation. Effective polarizations of valence electrons in nanoparticles are calculated with allowance for their interactions with the ion core. The effective polarizations are shown to contain near-field re...

It is shown that linear stationary optical size resonances can be used for high-precision measurement of the spatial distribution of atoms in structured atomic systems on the surface and inside of isotropic optical media by changing the frequency and the polarization of external continuous optical radiation.

The existence of a new sort of optical size resonances formed due to the self-consistent coherent interaction of atoms when one of them is excited by a field of continuous optical radiation is proved. The processes of energy transfer from the thus-excited atom to large (of the order of several wavelengths) interatomic distances are considered. It i...

It has been shown that different regimes of forming bound states of colliding atoms are possible due to their near-field interaction in a laser field. Analysis is performed for room temperature and a weak laser field under the conditions of smooth scanning of the laser radiation frequency in dependence on frequencies of near-field optical resonance...

The forces acting on interacting moving atoms exposed to resonant laser radiation are calculated. It is shown that the forces acting on the atoms include the radiation pressure forces as well as the external and internal bias forces. The dependences of the forces on the atomic spacing, polarization, and laser radiation frequency are given. It is fo...

The near-field interaction of two spherical nanoparticles containing dense ensembles of two-or multilevel atoms in an external field of optical low-intensity radiation is shown to result in the formation of resonances whose frequencies differ considerably from the transition frequencies in the spectrum of the interacting atoms. Optical near-field r...

We describe a near-field optical microscopy technique based on the interaction of a probe molecule with the sample surface (e.g., with a flat metal surface) in the field of external optical radiation and consider the spontaneous Raman scattering characterized, in the presence of a metal surface, by the effective polarizability of the probe molecule...

It is shown that, by means of measuring the frequency dependence of the ellipticity of light reflected at the Brewster angle from the plane surface of a nonabsorbing dielectric, one can reveal on it nanostructural objects consisting of foreign atoms or molecules. They manifest themselves by the presence of size resonances, arising in these structur...

Formulas for radiative forces acting on the atoms of a diatomic object in a field of external laser radiation are obtained with allowance made for the interatomic dipole-dipole interaction. It is shown that one can control the motion of the atoms by gradually varying the frequency of external laser radiation due to the presence of optical dimension...

We propose the principle of operation of an optical near-field microscope on the basis of linear steady-state optical dimensional resonances in the system atom-probe–atoms of the sample. It is shown that such a microscope has high sensitivity and a spatial resolution of less than 1 nm and does not set limits on the choice of samples. The distributi...

An adequate theoretical interpretation of experiments on Brewster light reflection from the surfaces of liquids is given on the basis of the near-field effect in the transition layer. The analysis is carried out in terms of the model of a discrete-continuous dielectric, which takes into account the fields of atomic (molecular) dipoles discretely di...

We have solved a boundary-value problem for a ball probe interacting with a flat dielectric surface in an external optical radiation field. This interaction gives rise to the optical size resonance at frequencies significantly different from the natural frequencies of two-level atoms both in the medium and in the probe with allowance for the local...

A new solution to modified Bloch equations for a diatomic quantum system consisting of two identical interacting atoms in a field of high-intensity continuous radiation is obtained. On the basis of this solution, the existence of nonlinear sized resonances whose properties strongly depend on the atomic spacing, on the polarization of the external f...

A concept was suggested for an optical near-field microscope based on optical dimensional resonances in the system of a needle tip atom + a sample atom. High sensitivity and spatial resolution of an order of 1 nm were shown to be characteristic of this microscope. Furthermore, the instrument is applicable to a wide range of studied samples.

The existence of linear nonstationary optical resonances in a diatomic nanostructural object with a dipole-dipole atomic interaction has been proved. A new solution to the joint system of modified Bloch optical equations and nonlocal field equations is obtained for time intervals much shorter than the times of phase and energy relaxation. Formulas...

The interaction of an atomic group occupation a volume with linear dimensions which are considerably smaller than the length of an external light wave in considered. On the basis of the join set of equation for the electronic field strength of the light wave and the optical equation for linear dipole oscillators, the points of location of the atoms...

It is shown that it is preferable to perform quantum computations on a system of two-level atoms with metastable states using optical dipole transitions that occur under the effect of ultrashort light pulses. It is suggested to measure the quantum information that is passed to qubits using Bloch, rather than pure, quantum states of two-level atoms....

It is shown that theoretically predicted optical size resonances in diatomic nanostructures manifest themselves in As dimers at the clean GaAs(100) surfaces in the case of anisotropic reflection of light. The polarizing contribution of the substrate to effective polarizabilities of the dimer atoms was taken into account. Formulas for the reflectanc...

For the combined system of equations of field and atomic variables for two different atoms in the ground state, a stationary solution is obtained, which takes into account their dipole-dipole interaction in the field of external emission. Atoms are treated as linear dipole oscillators with different natural frequencies and linear polarizabilities....

Based on the near-field effect in the transition layer, a theoretical interpretation is given of experiments on Brewster light reflection from surfaces of certain liquids. The analysis is performed within the framework of the concept of a discrete-continuous dielectric, with allowance made for the fields of atomic dipoles discretely distributed ins...

The operating principle of the optical near–field microscope is suggested; it is based on narrow photoinduced dimensional resonances in the system “atom on the tip of a needle -- atom of the sample.” It is shown that this microscope has high sensitivity and spatial resolution of the order of 1 nm.

The existence of optical size resonances in atomic nanostructures is proved. The properties of optical size resonances strongly depend on the interatomic distances and on the polarization of an external radiation field. The properties of linear and nonlinear size resonances are considered in the case of two-dimensional nanostructures. The linear op...

The interaction of an atomic group occupying a volume with linear dimensions which are considerably smaller than the length of an external light wave is considered. On the basis of the joint set of equations for the electric field strength of the light wave and the optical equations for linear dipole oscillators, the self-consistent problem of dete...

A stationary solution is obtained for the joint system of equations for atomic and field variables for two different atoms with dipole-dipole interaction in the radiation field taking into account the common radiative friction. The atoms are treated as an Lorentz oscillator with one isolated resonance. The interaction of atoms in the radiation fiel...

Modified optical Bloch equations for two-level atoms in the radiation field with the complex polarization vector, the complex amplitude, and the complex wave vector are derived. A specific case is considered in which a field of this kind acts on a separate atom of a nonlocal atomic system. The solution of the modified equations for the interaction...

A self-consistent problem of determining the field at the location of atoms in a nanostructural object and also at different observation points beyond a group of atoms (a small object) in the wave and near zones is solved on the basis of a system of compatible equations for the light-wave electric field strength and optical equations for linear dip...

The feasibility of resonance transfer of quantum information from one double-level atom to another that is at an arbitrary distance from the former one has been proved. Symmetric and antisymmetric combinations of the wave functions of individual atoms are considered. When taking into account the interatomic dipole–dipole interaction, a certain ener...

The microscopic theory of a transitional layer on the ideal surface of a semi-infinite absorbing or nonabsorbing isotropic dielectric is developed within the framework of classical optics when the polarization vector of the medium is a linear function of the electric field strength inside the medium. The concentration of atoms (molecules) of the me...

A parapositronium atom in an optical laser field is described beyond the perturbation theory framework by a closed system of Heisenberg equations on operators of atoms and photons. Wwe consider the annihilation of the parapositronium atom, which starts from one or two quantum states; optical quantum transitions between these states are caused by on...

The self-consistent problem is solved for the interaction of two dipole atoms situated at arbitrary distance from one another with the field of quasiresonant light wave. Atoms are considered to be linear Lorenz oscillators. Polarizing fields inside the system include both Coulomb and retarding parts. The solutions obtained are investigated for the...

This paper discusses an experimental scheme of quantum teleportation with two atomic beams in terms of the interaction between atoms of different bema via the field of virtual photon field with the emission or absorption of a real photon is interpreted as a third-order QED effect. Quantum teleportation of an unknown broadband electromagnetic field...

The problem of the interaction of a positronium atom with the field of optical and annihilation photons is considered. The solution obtained for the occupation numbers is used to study kinetics of the annihilation decay of para-positronium atom from two (for example, 1S and 2P) states participating in stimulated optical transitions excited by a las...

We have solved a self-consistent problem on interaction of two dipole atoms located at an arbitrary distance from each other with the field of a quasiresonance light wave, whose intensity is sufficient for the system to manifest nonlinear properties. The atoms are considered as two-level systems described by means of Bloch optical equations, while...

This paper discusses an experimental scheme of quantum teleportation with two atomic beams in terms of the interaction between atoms of different bema via the field of virtual photon field with the emission or absorption of a real photon is interpreted as a third-order QED effect. Quantum teleportation of an unknown broadband electromagnetic field...

A survey is offered of the current knowledge of nonlocal electrodynamic equations which in some cases (e.g., in solving various boundary problems in optics) can replace Maxwell's equations. The nonlocal equations are derived using a semi-classical or a quantum-mechanical approach. The former approach involves an expansion of retarded potentials in...

An equation is obtained that describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a metal. By using the Lagrangian function for a system of interacting moving charges (conduction electrons and electrons in atomic residues), equations for macroscopic fields at different observation points inside and outside a medium, accurate to within v2/c2, are d...

A self-consistent problem of interaction of two dipole atoms separated by an unrestricted distance with the field of a quasi-resonance light wave was solved on the assumption that the investigated atoms are Lorentz linear oscillators and the polarizing fields inside the system consist of the Coulomb and the retarded parts. The solution obtained was...

It is shown that in principle it is possible to write optical information on individual quasiresonant atoms in a concentrated system by changing the angle of incidence of an external light wave.

A new integro-differential operator equation which describes the propagation of a quantized radiation field in a resonant medium is obtained. We have investigated a system of atoms on the basis of the interaction of H-like atoms through the field of virtual photons, taking into account electronic and positronic intermediate states in the atomic spe...

This paper solves the problem of the interaction, via the field of virtual photon field with the emission or absorption of a real photon, of two atomic electrons located at arbitrary distances from one another. The interaction is interpreted as a third-order QED effect in the coordinate representation. The role of intermediate states with positive...

The boundary problem of nonlinear optics was investigated for a trial wave reflected (refracted) by an excited region of a nonlinear medium considered as a system of multilevel atoms in the spectrum of which there are two closely-spaced energy levels excited by a powerful quasi-resonant radiation. It is shown that under interference conditions of t...

In nonlinear resonance optics, the boundary-value problem of the interaction of steady quasiresonant optical radiation with an ultrathin film is solved within the framework of a model of a discretely continuous film of atoms in which the point of observation is surrounded by discretely distributed atoms forming a truncated Lorentz sphere. Outside t...

The boundary problems of classical and quantum optics are solved for a medium representing a monolayer of dipoles with linear polarizability a. It is shown that the near-field effect, which appears when the discrete structure of the medium is taken into account, has a noticeable influence on the electromagnetic field amplitude inside the medium and...

A boundary-value problem of nonlinear resonance optics in the interaction of intense light with a superthin film of two-level atoms is solved. In solving this boundary-value problem, the authors draw on the idea of a discrete-continuous system in which the atoms are distributed in a discrete manner in the vicinity of the point of observation. It is...

This paper solves the problem of the interaction of an electron and positron via the field of soft and hard photons with emission or absorption of a real photon. The interaction is interpreted as a third-order QED effect in the coordinate representation. The role of intermediate states with positive and negative frequencies is studied. A general ex...

Boundary problem of quantum optics for spontaneous emission of atom embedded in one-dimensional chain of discrete dipoles is solved. The role of boundary effects caused by violation of translational symmetry in atomic spatial distribution is investigated. Life time of excited state and frequency shift of atomic transition are calculated. It is show...

The role of near field effect is investigated in the boundary value problem of nonlinear resonant optics at the interaction of steady quasiresonant optical radiation with the film of two-level atoms. Dynamical detuning from resonance, nonlinear index of refraction, reflected and refracted waves are analyzed on the basis of solution of closed system...

We have theoretically investigated the process of spontaneous emission of initially excited two-level atom inside and outside of ultra-thin dielectric film. Dielectric medium is considered as discrete-continuous system of interacting dipoles. For the solution of this boundary problem of quantum optics we use Heisenberg equations for atomic operator...

On the basis of a mathematical formalism for the solution of a boundary problem of the interaction between a probe wave and a surface of a nonlinear excited medium developed earlier, the properties of the complex refractive index of the medium are analyzed. Three types of waves with appropriate refractive indices are considered: one wave of inversi...

This paper is devoted to solution of a boundary problem of nonlinear optics for a probe wave reflected (refracted) by the excited region of a nonlinear medium. The nonlinear medium is represented by a system of multilevel atoms, with their spectra comprised of two closely-spaced energy levels excited by high-power resonant radiation. It is shown th...

Based on an integral equation for propagation of light waves in a dielectric medium, it is shown that, when an external light wave is incident on a semi-infinite medium, a transmitted vacuum wave, reflected vacuum wave, and refracted wave are formed. The same situation is realized when a short light pulse interacts with a linear resonance medium up...

Boundary problem of quantum optics for spontaneous emission of atom embedded in one-dimensional chain of discrete dipoles is solved. The role of boundary effects caused by violation of translational symmetry in atomic spatial distribution is investigated. Life time of excited state and frequency shift of atomic transition are calculated. It is show...

The Heisenberg equations of motion for the atomic and photonic operators are used, without recourse to perturbation theory, to calculate the lifetime, energy shift, phase relaxation time and oscillation frequency of a positronium atom under the conditions of two-photon annihilation decay in a field of 'seed' photons.

We present the solution of the boundary-value problem of classical optics by considering two spatial scales: light-wave length and interatomic distance. Making use of the Lorentz sphere notion and taking into account Coulomb and retarding dipole–dipole interactions, we show that optical properties of the surface layer of a homogeneous isotropic die...

We investigate the boundary-value problem of nonresonant reflection and transmission of probe light wave passing through excited nonlinear semi-infinite medium of three- level atoms. The two lower levels are excited by intensive resonant stationary or nonstationary radiation to obtain the interference of atomic states. Some properties of near field...

We are predicted a new optical phenomenon a photon echo with a double frequency in the system of two-level atoms, when the excitation of the system is realized by two laser pulses with a primary frequency. On the basis of this phenomenon theory we consider conditions of its observation.

The report is devoted to the spontaneous emission of initially excited atom near the surface of semi-infinite dielectric. We predict near field effect in quantum optics which manifests itself to the fullest extent in the near zone with respect to dielectric surface and springs up under consistent description of atomic interaction in the radiation f...

The theory of two-atom quantum transitions with frequency doubling of the emitted or absorbed photons in coherent optical processes is constructed. Third-order quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects, including virtual photon exchange and emission (absorption) of a double frequency real photon, are considered. In these effects, the two parts of the i...

A method of integro-differential equation associated with the optical loch equations is proposed to consider the problem of nonlinear transient reflection (refraction) of two laser noncomplanar pulses. It is a 3D boundary-value problem of a semiclassical nonlinear resonant transient optics for the phase memory effects exhibited by surface atoms in...