Olajumoke Oshinaike

Lagos State University | LASU · Department of Medicine

Background: An understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying diseases in ancestrally diverse populations is an important step towards development of targeted treatments. Research in African and African admixed populations can enable mapping of complex traits, because of their genetic diversity, extensive population substructure, and distinct...

Introduction: The association between MAPT and PD risk may be subject to ethnic variability even within populations of similar geographical origin. Data on MAPT haplotype frequencies, and its association with PD risk in black Africans are lacking. We aimed to determine the frequencies of MAPT haplotypes and their role as risk factors for PD and ag...

Background Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying diseases in ancestrally diverse populations is a critical step towards the realization of the global application of precision medicine. The African and African admixed populations enable mapping of complex traits given their greater levels of genetic diversity, extensive population substruc...

Background: The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene is critical because of its putative role in the causal pathway of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson disease (PD). However, there is a lack of clarity regarding the link between the main H1 haplotype and risk of PD. Inconsistencies in reported association may be driven by ge...

The relationship between APOE polymorphisms and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in black Africans has not been previously investigated. We evaluated the association between APOE polymorphic variability and self-declared cognition in 1100 Nigerians with PD and 1097 age-matched healthy controls. Cognition in PD was assessed using the single item cognition q...

Introduction: stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in Nigeria. Stroke unit care is crucial for reducing mortality and morbidity in stroke. This study describes the stroke units' structure, organization, and care process in Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Methods: this study is a cross-sectional descriptive organizational surv...

The relationship between APOE polymorphisms and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in black Africans has not been previously investigated. We evaluated the association between APOE polymorphic variability and cognition in 1100 Nigerians with PD and 1097 matched healthy controls. Cognition in PD was assessed using the single item cognition question (item 1.1)...

Calculation is one of the higher brain functions, which has been linked to the inferior parietal lobule and part of the frontal lobe. Cases of hypercalculia have been reported, usually in the setting of Autism-Spectrum Disorder or Savant syndrome. We report the case of a 27-year-old male undergraduate who had hypercalculia with normal clinical neur...

Background: Studies have demonstrated the role of sputum as a site of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2) transmission. However, there is limited literature on the virucidal efficacy of oral antiseptics against SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study investigated the virucidal efficacy of three oral-antiseptics compared to a placebo-c...

Background: Data on non-motor symptoms (NMS) in black Africans with Parkinson's disease (PD) are sparse. Objective: To describe the profile of NMS in the Nigeria PD Registry (NPDR) cohort and explore the relationship between NMS and PD motor phenotype. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of the frequency and burden of NMS, based on t...

Background: This study aimed to document the pattern, risk factors, in-hospital outcomes, and stroke mortality in a hospital over one year. Materials and Methods: Acute stroke patients admitted at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital between October 2019 and September 2020 had their records reviewed. Information including age, sex, risk fac...

Introduction: Nigeria is one of the most populated countries in the world; however, there is a scarcity of studies in patients with age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson disease (PD). The aim of this study was to screen patients with PD including a small cohort of early-onset PD (EOPD) cases from Nigeria for PRKN, PINK1, DJ1, SN...

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene mutations are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). More than 300 rare LRRK2 variants have been described, with approximately 17 having confirmed or probable pathogenic role in PD. The distribution differs across ethnic groups, but no PD-related LRRK2 pathogenic variant has been describ...

Mutations in the leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most commonly identified genetic variants in familial and sporadic Parkinson disease (PD). Over three hundred LRRK2 variants have been described in the literature, of which at least 17 have a confirmed or probable pathogenic role in PD. The distribution of these rare pathogenic vari...

Background Clinical disease registries are useful for quality improvement in care, benchmarking standards, and facilitating research. Collaborative networks established thence can enhance national and international studies by generating more robust samples and credible data and promote knowledge sharing and capacity building. This report describes...

Context: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Several nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are associated with the condition, affecting multiple body systems in addition to the nervous system. Aims: The aim of the study is to describe the profile of NMS and the factors related to their severity as well as their assoc...

Introduction Traumatic brain injury management is a leading cause of disability and death in young adults. Our objective was to develop a new multidomain, comprehensive, sensitive, objective and easily reproducible outcome scale with high predictive accuracy to assess patients with traumatic brain injury. The developed outcome assessment tool, the...

Objective To identify disease‐causing variants in autosomal recessive axonal polyneuropathy with optic atrophy and provide targeted replacement therapy. Methods We performed genome‐wide sequencing, homozygosity mapping, and segregation analysis for novel disease‐causing gene discovery. We used circular dichroism to show secondary structure changes...

To date the LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation remains the most common genetic cause of Parkinson disease (PD) worldwide. It accounts for up to 6% of familial and approximately 1.5% of sporadic cases. LRRK2 has a kinase enzymatic domain which provides an attractive potential target for drug therapies and LRRK2 kinase inhibitors are in development. Prevalence...

Minimal data set for LRRK2 G2019S mutation screening in Nigerian cohort. (XLSX)

Background and Objectives Limited access to medicines can impact negatively on outcomes in people with Parkinson disease. The study objectives were to determine the availability and assess the affordability of antiparkinsonian medications in pharmacies across Nigeria. Methodology This was a cross‐sectional nationwide study utilizing the World Heal...

To date the LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation remains the most common genetic cause of Parkinson disease (PD) worldwide. It accounts for up to 6% of familial and approximately 1.5% of sporadic cases. LRRK2 has a kinase enzymatic domain which provides an attractive potential target for drug therapies and LRRK2 kinase inhibitors are in development. Prevalence...

Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The frequency of NP in population living with type 2 DM is unclear. Objective: To determine the frequency of NP symptoms in patients with type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 250 type 2 DM patients attending...

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism has been documented to have a positive effect on the clinical presentation and outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Objective: To determine the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in first ever ischemic strokes and to evaluate its effect on the clinical presentation. Methods: Using a cross-sectional stu...

Background: The aim of this report was to assess the efficacy and safety of a combination of vitamin E, an antioxidant, and Eve Primrose in the management of painful diabetes mellitus (DM) neuropathy. Materials and Methods: This was an interventional study that evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination of vitamin E and Eve Primrose in the...

Background Stroke is a major health issue in Nigeria and it is also a common cause of emergency admissions. Stroke often results in increased morbidity, mortality and reduced quality of life in people thus affected. The risk factors for stroke include metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus (DM). The stress of an acute s...

Background High red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is related to impairment of erythropoiesis, reflecting chronic inflammation and increased levels of oxidative stress, both of which are telltale signs of type 2 diabetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the RDW and fasting blood sugar/blood pressure, and compare...

Background There is a significant association of human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) with lymphoid malignancies. HTLV causes a lymphoproliferative malignancy of CD4-activated cells called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and a chronic myelopathy called tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). This study aims to deter...

Mycosis fungoides (MF), also known as Alibert-Bazin syndrome or granuloma fungoides, is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Cutaneous lymphomas are an uncommon, heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) of T- and B-cell origin where the skin is the primary organ of involvement. This is a case of a 60-year-old Nigerian woman...

Introduction The Mean platelet volume and platelet counts are indicators of thrombotic potentials, and risk factors for microvascular complications in diabetics. This study aimed to establish variations in platelet counts and mean platelet volume in type 2 diabetic patients on treatment and non-diabetic controls. Methods This was an unmatched case...

The Kikuchi-Fujimoto is a rare, self-limiting disease, which is characterized by regional lymphadenopathy. It occurs worldwide with a higher prevalence among Asians and women below the age of forty years. We present 41-year-old Nigerian woman who was investigated extensively for unilateral left cervical lymphadenopathy. She was eventually diagnosed...

Aim. To determine the prevalence of sleep disturbance and its associated characteristics in HIV-positive outpatients on HAART using the PSQI. Methods. Using a cross-sectional design, 300 patients attending the outpatient HIV/AIDS clinic at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital were recruited. Baseline data obtained included the participants'...

Introduction Transmission of human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) occurs from mother to child, by sexual contact and blood transfusion. Presently, in most centres in Nigeria, there is no routine pre-transfusion screening for HTLV. The study aims to determine the prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 among healthy blood donors at a tertiary centre in Lagos...

Background: Patients with sickle cell disease have an amplified vulnerability to urinary tract infection, because of abnormally dilute and alkaline urine, which favors bacterial proliferation. This is due to altered blood flow in the renal vasculature, which causes papillary necrosis and loss of urinary concentrating and acidifying ability of the...

Background: Primary headaches are underdiagnosed and undertreated, with a significant impact on social activities and work. Aim: To determine the last-year prevalence and health care utilization pattern of primary headaches at a tertiary centre. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst staff of the Lagos State University Teachi...

Unlabelled: Background : Full blood count has been shown to predict disease severity and mortality risk in cancer patients. This study aimed to highlight the degree of derangements of full blood count parameters and provide mean values in pre-chemotherapy breast cancer patients compared with apparently normal control subjects. Methods: This was...

Serum ferritin is considered to be one of the most important tools in the measurement of iron balance in steady-state sickle cell disease. Increased gastrointestinal absorption of iron has been reported in sickle cell disease because of the associated chronic hemolysis, and it is also thought that repeated red cell transfusion consequent to chronic...

Background. Priapism is a pathological condition of penile erection that persists beyond, or is unrelated to, sexual stimulation. Impotence and infertility are major problems in male sickle cell disease patients, and priapism has been implicated as a cause of impotence and infertility. The aim of this study is to determine priapism prevalence and a...

CD4 count measures the degree of immunosupression in HIV-infected patients. Immunosupression results in lack of ability of the body to fight infections thus predisposing the individual to infection; lung is one of the most susceptible organs. An important diagnostic tool in assessing the respiratory complications as well as the manifestations of HI...

Tetanus is a life threatening preventable infection with a high mortality. Our aim was to determine the current case fatality rate at our centre in a retrospective case review of patients aged > 10 years who had been hospitalized with tetanus between August 2006 and July 2011. We show the intrahospital case fatality rate. Data are based on 176 case...

Background. CD4 count measures the degree of immunosuppression in HIV-positive patients. It is also used in deciding when to commence therapy, in staging the disease, and in determining treatment failure. Using the CD4 count, this study aimed at determining the percentage of HIV-positives who require antiretroviral therapy at enrollment in an HIV t...

Introduction. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains common despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy. Routine screening will improve early detections. Objective. To compare the performance of the minimental state examination (MMSE) and international HIV dementia scale (IHDS) in assessing neurocognitive function in HIV/AIDS...

Sickle cell disease is a genetic abnormality involving the haemoglobin. Although, it is primarily a red cell disorders, the white blood cells and platelets are also affected by the mutation. The consequent haemoglobin S causes polymerization of haemoglobin resulting in haemolysis and anaemia. This study aims to provide baseline haematological value...

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection frequently present with a wide spectrum of pulmonary and cardiac complications from the virus, opportunistic infections and neoplasms that may be associated with a high mortality rate. Diseases of the respiratory tract account for about half of deaths from AIDS, while cardiac diseases accou...

Background. Sensory neuropathy (SN) is one of the most common AIDS-associated neurologic disorders especially in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SN among highly-active-antiretroviral-therapy- (HAART-) experienced and HAART-naïve HIV-positive individuals and to investi...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common cause of liver disease throughout the world. HBV is transmitted through blood and other body fluids, including semen and saliva. Chronic replication of HBV virons is characterized by persistence circulation of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA; usually with anti-HBc and occasionally with anti-HBs. Aim: To determine the pr...

Background: Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder of hemoglobin causing myriad of pathology including anemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the baseline values of steady state hemoglobin and packed cell volume as a guide to managing the early recognition of hemolytic crises in sickle cell anemia. Methods: A cross-sectional study...

The study aimed at reviewing the utilisation of blood / blood products and haematological profile changes, with a view to developing a hospital transfusion guideline in open heart surgery in Nigeria. The surgeries were performed at the intensive care unit theatre of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Eligibility for surgery was determined by...

Objectives Hematologic abnormalities, indicated by a deranged full blood count, are common manifestations and important prognostic tools for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cytopenia and its relationship to the degree of immunosupression in HIV treatment-naïve patients. Methods...

Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common presenting symptom in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). This may be as a result of complications of the disease, surgical problems, or Helicobacter pylori gastritis. The prevalence of H pylori infection in SCD children is not known. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and association of H p...

Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a common cause of focal neurologic deficits in HIV/AIDS. Financial constraints and access to neuroradiological facilities limit definitive diagnosis and first-line treatments are largely expensive and cumbersome. This study examined the frequency of focal neurological signs in HIV/AIDS patients with positive Toxoplasma gon...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV are transmitted via similar routes making co-infection with these viruses a common event. In addition, HIV infection and related immunosupression in patients with hepatitis C may be associated with more rapid progression of liver disease to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease and death. The study is to determine the s...

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is primarily neurotrophic and lymphotrophic. Diverse neurologic sequealae have been documented with variations based on disease severity, but geographic variation may determine the distribution of these neurological complications. This study was designed to evaluate the current status of neurologic manifestati...

Current data on the pattern of parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease in Nigerians are sparse.This database was designed to document the clinical profile of PD in Nigerians, and compare this to prior observations. A database of patients presenting to the Neurology out-patients clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital was established in Octobe...