Okay Pekşen

Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi · Department of History

Ancient societies and states used rare and skilled materials and products, placing them in highly valuable positions. Glass, which is thought to have been first produced in Ancient Mesopotamia, was highly prized and held in important positions in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Anatolia due to its difficulty in production and rarity. In the initial stage...

Human beings, by nature, have an inclination to believe. The most prominent area where this inclination manifests itself is in religious beliefs. Since the earliest periods of human history, people have attributed supernatural powers to the natural events they have witnessed and felt helpless against, believing that these powers were controlled by...

ÖZET Eski Mezopotamya coğrafyasının önemli devletlerinden olan Yeni Asur Devleti askeri ekonomiyi temel alan bir yapıya sahipti. Ülke içerisindeki maden rezervleri, tarımsal potansiyeli, tekstil ürünleri ve hayvan popülasyonu kendine yetecek durumda değildi. Bu sorun ihtiyaçların büyük bir bölümünün gerçekleştirilen askeri seferlerden edinilmesini...

Sumerliler tarafından yazının icat edilmesiyle ortaya çıkan kayıt tutma geleneği Eski Mezopotamya toplumlarının yaşam şekilleri ve değer yargıları hakkında bizlere bilgiler veren çivi yazılı kayıtların ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Çivi yazılı belgeler dini, siyasi, edebi, ekonomik ve hukuki olmak üzere toplumu ilgilendiren pek çok hususta oluşturu...

We can reach the oldest information about the belief system of Ancient Mesopotamian societies from Sumerian cuneiform texts. According to the information we have obtained from the texts in question, Ancient Mesopotamian beliefs have a polytheistic structure. According to belief system, every city has a god. While shaping the pantheon, the understan...

Because the Assyrian state started to strengthen in the early first millennium BC by acquiring an imperial identity, it gained the capacity to launch military campaigns across remote regions, which, not surprisingly, disturbed and threatened the neighboring states. In this period, which is called the Neo-Assyrian period, Assyrian armies prevailed i...

Despite some changes from the Sumerians to the Semites, the ancient Mesopotamian belief system has survived in general terms. The most important goddess that preserved its existence during the mentioned period is Inanna/Ištar. The goddess, who was associated with fertility in the Sumerian belief system, began to acquire warrior characteristics with...

The first central state was established with the Akkadians in Ancient Mesopotamia after the Sumerian City States Period. This state, which ruled almost all of the Ancient Near East with its powerful kings, was a multinational empire. The migrations to Mesopotamia at the end of the 3rd millennium BC and the rebellion movements in the region caused t...

Providing information about the origin of the Gutians, the mad that have survived to the present day are very limited. Therefore, many different opinions have been made about the origin of this tribe. The strongest of these views is that Gutians are a Turk tribe. Many scientists who have been studying the Gutian king names mentioned in the Sumerian...

Human communities moved to settled life with the Neolithic revolution. This innovation in social life brought about social organization. This organization was formed within the framework of religious beliefs. The head of the temple-centered governing mechanism was the clergy class. With the Sumerian City States period in ancient Mesopotamia, temple...

Following the transformation of the Assyrian Empire to an imperial appearance, the Assyrian kings organized military expeditions in remote areas in line with their economic needs. One of the most important spreading regions for this purpose was the Anatolian lands. After the Aegean Migrations, the political fragmentation resulting from the corrupti...

Due to its economic and agricultural potential, Anatolian lands have become a region where different nations want to establish sovereignty in every period of history. In this context, the Assyrians, who had established a big state in the Near East after the Aegean Emigration, wanted to keep Anatolia under control. For this purpose, Assyrian kings,...

z: İnsanlığın ortaya çıkışından beri dini inanışlar, insan topluluklarının örgütlü bir yapı haline dönüşmesinde önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Bu doğrultuda, insanlığın en örgütlü yapısı olan devletin de dini unsurlardan etkilenmesi kaçınılmazdır. Sumer Şehir Devletleri ile ortaya çıkan devlet sistemi, Babil Dönemi ile daha kurumsal bir hal almışt...

The belief system, which is the most important element of social life, has a unique role in the wars that have emerged as a result of the security need, which is the greatest cause of states' existence. Mesopotamia became the first geography where the idea of fighting on behalf of the gods in the military activities carried out under the organized...

This artice examines the religion and war relationship in ancient Mesopotamia. After the transition to settled life in Mesopotamia cities were shaped around the temples and the clergy and ruling class used religion as a tool to serve their political and military goals. While Sumerian city-state rulers declared that they waged wars with the orders o...

In 2000 BC, southeastern of Anatolia was composed of native Hurrians, Indo-Aryan origin Mitanni that migrated out of northwestern Iran, and Indo-Aryan origin Hittites. In the 12th century BC, the Aegean Migration that destroyed minor Asia changed political situation of the region mostly. Authority gap created by the Aegean Migrations caused the Ara...