Nv Anil

Manipal Academy of Higher Education | MAHE · Department of Chemistry

Supercritical fluid (SCF) extraction has emerged as an effective and efficient method for separating important phytoconstituents. The extraction process is simple and environmentally friendly, generating minimal to no waste. This procedure offers various advantages over traditional extraction techniques. This chapter discusses the procedure, advant...

The use of phytochemicals is gaining interest for the treatment of metabolic syndromes over the synthetic formulation of drugs. Senna is evolving as one of the important plants which have been vastly studied for its beneficial effects. Various parts of Senna species including the root, stem, leaves, and flower are found rich in numerous phytochemic...

Melissa officinalis has long been used in folk medicine as an integrated pharmacy, used in the treatment of many diseases since ancient times, as a remedy for headaches, indigestion, abdominal cramps, and heart failure. Lemon balm is characterized by antibacterial, antiviral and antidiabetic properties. The therapeutic benefit of this species is th...

Medicinal plants are being used worldwide for centuries for their beneficial properties. Some of the most popular medicinal plants belong to the Melissa genus, and different health beneficial effects have already been identified for this genus. Among these species, in particular, the Melissa officinalis L. has been reported as having many biologica...

Fluorescence imaging of tumor hypoxia can potentially offer insights in grading a progressing malignancy, which might subsequently result in metastasis and treatment resistance. Elevated levels of nitroreductase (NTR) have been perceived in hypoxic malignant tumors, and this typical feature was exploited to develop a NTR-targeted probe NNQA to sens...

The human Abl kinases comprise a family of proteins that are known to be key stimulus drivers in the signaling pathways modulating cell growth, cell survival, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. Recent collative studies have indicated the role of activation of Abl and Abl-related genes in solid tumors; further terming the Abl kinases as molecular switche...

The bioreductive enzymes typically upregulated in hypoxic tumor cells can be targeted for developing diagnostic and drug delivery applications. In this study, a new fluorescent probe 4−(6−nitro−1,3−dioxo−1 H −benzo[ de ]isoquinolin−2(3 H )−yl)benzaldehyde (NIB) based on a nitronaphthalimide skeleton that could respond to nitroreductase (NTR) overex...

Fibrosis is a pathological state characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix components leading to impaired tissue function in the affected organ. It results in scarring of the affected tissue akin to an over-healing wound as a consequence of chronic inflammation and repair in response to injury. Persistent trauma of susceptib...

A new sulfate bath having ZnSO4.6H2O, NiSO4.6H2O, citric acid, and methanol extract in combination was optimized for the deposition of Zn-Ni electroplating on mild steel. The bath composition and operating conditions were optimized by the Hull cell experiment. The effect of current density (CD), pH, and temperature on coating properties like Ni con...

Curcumin, a potent phytochemical derived from the spice element turmeric, has been identified as a herbal remedy decades ago and has displayed promise in the field of medicinal chemistry. However, multiple traits associated with curcumin, such as poor bioavailability and instability, limit its effectiveness to be accepted as a lead drug-like entity...

The study describes the current state of knowledge on nanotechnology and its utilization in medicine. The focus in this manuscript was on the properties, usage safety, and potentially valuable applications of chitosan‑based nano‑materials. Chitosan nanoparticles have high importance in nanomedicine, biomedical engineering, discovery and development...

Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition causing a severe infection in the gum, leading to tooth loss and related serious health hazards. Severe periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent medical condition, globally affecting about 743 million individuals. Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) is a plant polyphenol, extensively popularized durin...

Curcumin, a potent phytochemical, has been a significant lead compound and has been extensively investigated for its multiple bioactivities. Owing to its natural origin, non-toxic, safe, and pleiotropic behavior, it has been extensively explored. However, several limitations such as its poor stability, bioavailability, and fast metabolism prove to...

Curcumin, a potent phytochemical, has been a significant lead compound and has been extensively investigated for its multiple bioactivities. Owing to its natural origin, non-toxic, safe, and pleiotropic behavior, it has been extensively explored. However, several limitations such as its poor stability, bioavailability, and fast metabolism prove to...

The study aims to characterize and understand the toxicological effects of colloidal mercuric formulation. The physiochemical characterization was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis system (EDS), Inductively coupled plasma optical emission s...

Plants are a natural source of bioactive compounds such as secondary metabolites. These molecules, also called phytochemicals, are fundamental for plant survival and often show therapeutic properties used for the treatment of human diseases. Asperuloside is a secondary metabolite which belongs to iridoid glycosides and is commonly present in the pl...

The present work aims to understand the effect of chemical treatment on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the natural fibers, namely, areca frond fibers, banana, and flax fibers. Chemical reagents viz. sodium bicarbonate, potassium permanganate, and chromium sulfate were used for surface modifications. Tensile strength of the fibers wa...

A series of nineteen molecules of Coumarin hydrazone derivatives have been synthesized. The purpose of the study was to investigate the anti-diabetic activity of the synthesized Coumarin derivatives by inhibition of α-amylase. The α-amylase enzyme was isolated from the microbial source Aspergillus Niger. The experiment was conducted by taking 5, 10...

The family Arecaceae includes 181 genera and 2,600 species with a high diversity in physical characteristics. Areca plants, commonly palms, which are able to grow in nearly every type of habitat, prefer tropical and subtropical climates. The most studied species Areca catechu L. contains phytochemicals as phenolics and alkaloids with biological pro...

Convolvulus genus is a representative of the family of Convolvulaceae. Convolvulus plants are broadly distributed all over the world and has been used for many centuries as herbal medicine. Convolvulus genus contains various phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, mucilage, unsaturated sterols or terpenes, r...

Plants and their corresponding botanical preparations have been used for centuries due to their remarkable potential in both the treatment and prevention of oxidative stress-related disorders. Aging and aging-related diseases, like cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, which have increased exponentially, are int...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of altering design variables like cross-linking and freezing temperature (at a time) on morphology of freeze-dried chitosan scaffolds and modulation of release of Diclofenac sodium (model drug). Freeze-dried chitosan scaffolds produced at − 80 °C, cross-linked with genipin, showed swelling of 163....

Piperine is the main compound present in black pepper, and is the carrier of its specific pungent taste, which is responsible for centuries of human dietary utilization and worldwide popularity as a food ingredient. Along with the application as a food ingredient and food preservative, it is used in traditional medicine for many purposes, which has...

Forskolin is mainly found in the root of a plant called Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq., which has been used in the traditional medicine of Indian Ayurvedic and Southeast Asia since ancient times. Forskolin is responsible for the pharmacological activity of this species. Forskolin is a labdane diterpenoid with a wide biological effect. Several stu...

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in the world, the incidence and associated mortality are increasing. Inadequate regulation of the blood sugar imposes serious consequences for health. Conventional antidiabetic drugs are effective, however, also with unavoidable side effects. On the other hand, medicinal plants may act as an alt...

The oxygen-containing heterocycles are an important class of compounds in organic chemistry. These compounds are used as drugs (coumarin and oxazole), solvent (tetrahydrofuran), flavors, and fragrances (lactones). The fusion of aromatic ring to the oxygen-heterocycle will change the electron density; thereby, the physical/chemical/biological proper...

The Veronica genus, with more than 200 species, belongs to the Plantaginaceae family and is distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere and in many parts of Southern Hemisphere. These plants are traditionally used in medicine for wound healing, in the treatment of rheumatism, and in different human diseases. This paper reviews the chemical com...

Curcumin is a pharmacologically active polyphenol derived from the popular spice element-Turmeric. The therapeutic activity of curcumin has been extensively investigated over the last few decades and reports suggest the role of curcumin in a large number of biological activities, particularly its prominent anticancer activity. Curcumin, being a ple...

Tumor hypoxia is the low tissue oxygen levels seen characteristically in rapidly proliferating and expanding neoplasms. It affects both malignant tumor cells and its microenvironment, resulting in dysfunctional neovascularization. This leads to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype, facilitating tumor progression through cell mobility, inv...

Evaluation of α-Amylase and Lipase Inhibitory Activities of Synthetic Coumarin Derivatives. ChemRxiv. Preprint. This research work involved synthesis of nine Coumarin-hydrazone derivatives and study of their enzyme inhibition activity. The purpose of the study was to investigate the α-amylase and lipase inhibition activity of the synthesized coumar...

This research work involved synthesis of nine Coumarin-hydrazone derivatives and study of their enzyme inhibition activity. The purpose of the study was to investigate the α-amylase and lipase inhibition activity of the synthesized coumarin derivatives. The experiment was performed by taking 5, 10, 50,100 μg/mL of each of the compounds and Acarbose...

A series of nine molecules of coumarin hydrazone derivatives have been synthesized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-diabetic activity of synthesized coumarin derivatives by inhibition of α-amylase enzyme isolated from Aspergillus niger microbial strain. The experiment was conducted by taking 5, 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL of each co...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195800.].

Since the beginning of the epidemic, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected around 70 million people worldwide, most of whom reside is sub-Saharan Africa. There have been very promising developments in the treatment of HIV with anti-retroviral drug cocktails. However, drug resistance to anti-HIV drugs is emerging, and many people infected...

Background: The present study is aimed to evaluate the physiochemical properties and cytotoxicity of mercury-based formulation for the development of anticancer therapeuticals. Methods: The elemental and morphological features of the formulation were characterized by FE-SEM, XPS and EDS. The described formulation was evaluated for its cytotoxici...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the inflammatory joint diseases in a heterogeneous group of disorders that share features of the destruction of the extracellular matrices of articular cartilage and bone. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes (in particular MMP9), are crucial for RA. Given the limited investigation of the MMP9 inhibition by cou...

Significance and impact of the study: 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) is a widely used chloretic and is currently under research for treating colon cancer. Preliminary studies suggest that it has the potential to be used as an effective and sustainable prebiotic for the human microbiome, as it can be naturally obtained from plants. This manuscript de...

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of three or more metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, obesity and hyperlipidemia. Obesity has become the epidemic of the 21st century with more than 1.6 billion overweight adults. Due to the strong connection between obesity and type 2 diabetes, obesity has received wide attention with subsequent coining...

Background: The traditional Indian medicine 'Siddha' uses metals, metalloids and minerals including toxic ones with no proven toxicity. Thalagak karuppu (TK) is remarkably stable over a century and used for treating Suram (Fever), Kaasam (Cough), Elai (Tuberculosis) and Eraippu Erumal (Bronchial Asthma). Objective: The present study addresses el...

A facile and convenient method was developed for the formation of novel N substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles via an iron-catalysed condensation of 2-aminobenzothizole with different amines. This method is applicable for a wide range of aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic amines furnishing moderate yields of the corresponding products and thus rende...

Schistosomiasis is an endemic neglected tropical disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) of purine salvage pathway is essential for recovery of nucleosides in Schistosoma species. Schistosoma mansoni PNP (SmPNP) is well-explored drug target for schistosomiasis. The currently available drugs have...

On 14 October 2010, the WHO reported that more than 1 billion people worldwide who live in remote rural areas are affected by neglected tropical diseases. Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoa of more than 20 different species in humans. The three major forms of disease are cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Cutaneous leishmani...

The essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation from rhizome of Curcuma caesia Roxb. grown in southern India were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 35 volatile essential oil components were identified in the extracted oil of C. caesia representing tropolone (15.86 %) as major compound, ledol (3.27...

Quercetin was isolated from an ethanol extract of Carmona retusa (Vahl.) Masam and was analyzed for its anticancer activity on HepG2 cell lines by MTT assay, Hoechst 33342 staining and Caspase-3 colorimetric assay. Plant extract yield of flavonoid quercetin from Carmona retusa (Vahl.) Masam showed significant and concentration-dependent anticancer...

Microwave assisted extraction of leaves and stems of seven tropical plants viz. Ficus hispida, Andrographis paniculata, Alistonia scholaris, Aporusa lindlyeyana, Melastoma malabathicum, Adenon indicum and Alternanthera dentata was carried out. Optimum extraction conditions were 600 W microwave power, 6 min extraction time (spread over two extractio...

Oxidants contribute to more than one hundred disorders in humans. The ethanol extract of Carmona retusa was screened for antioxidant activity using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hydroxyl (DPPH) scavenging, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity (H 2 O 2), reducing power assay and determination of the total antioxida...

The anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of stem of Carmona retusa was investigated for in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity by human red blood cell membrane stabilization method, heat induced hemolysis and proteinase inhibitory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of Carmona retusa found maximum in human red blood cell membrane stabili...

Three different extracts have been prepared with petroleum ether, methanol and chloroform separately from Carmona retusa. Methanol extract have yielded alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, cardenolides except anthraquinones and phlobatannins. Petroleum ether extract have yielded flavonoids, phenols, car...

The aim of the study was to evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of dry and fresh parts of leaf, stem and flower from the water extract of Wedelia trilobata. The antimicrobial activity of water extracts of fresh and dry parts against 9 different strains of bacteria and 11 different species of fungi were determined usin...

In the present investigation, we screened the two solvent (methanol and ethanol) extracts of Crotalaria pallida different parts (leaf, flower and stem) for phytochemical analysis and screening for HIV protease inhibitors. The two solvent extracts have yielded the presence of major active compounds viz., flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, a...

Aromatic amines and nitroarenes are very important industrial intermediates. Several scientists (1,2]) have extensively studied the covalent binding of a number of aromatic amines to DNA and identified various products by studying in vivo and in vitro reactions of esters of aryl hydroxylamine.(3]) Aromatic amines can be metabolised to highly reacti...

Aromatic amines and nitroarenes are very important industrial intermediates. Several scientists ([1,2]) have extensively studied the covalent binding of a number of aromatic amines to DNA and identified various products by studying in vivo and in vitro reactions of esters of aryl hydroxylamine.([3]) Aromatic amines can be metabolised to highly reac...

The isolation of stable carbenes of the Arduengo (1a) and Wanzlick (2a) type has prompted us to look for stable nitrenium ions of the related structural type 1,3-dimethyl benzotriazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate (3 ). The title compound was isolated and structure was characterized by X-ray methods.

The structures of the title compounds, tris(2-hydroxy-3-t-butyl-5-methylbenzene)-methane)C34H46O3.3H2O, 3) and N-benzyl-N-phenylbenzamide (C20H17NO, 6), have been investigated by X-ray crystallography. Compound 3 crystallizes in the trigonal space group $$P\bar 3 $$ with cell parameters a = 14.090(5) Å, b = 14.090(5)Å, c = 10.485(5)Å, Z = 2. Compo...

I. 3,5-diphenyl triazole, C14H11N3, Mr = 221.26, monoclinic, Cc, a = 26.982(6) Å, b = 5.6806(14) Å, c = 7.439(2) Å, β = 105.54(2)°, V = 1098.6(5) ų, Z = 4, Dm = 1.312gm·cm⁻³, Dc = 1.338gm·cm⁻³, μ = 0.083cm⁻¹, F000 = 464, (MoKα) = 0.71069 Å, final R1 and wR2 are 0.0335 and 0.0985 respectively. Hydrogen bonds of the type CH···N are observed in the c...