Nurul L Winarni

• PhD in Conservation Biology
• Researcher at University of Indonesia

Trees play a vital role in urban environments, and understanding people’s perceptions can help develop homegardens that enhance ecosystem services for urban well-being. This study explores homegardens as supplementary urban green infrastructure. We assessed tree structures and diversity in residential areas of Depok, West Java. Additionally, we sur...

The limited information on butterfly responses to urbanization, particularly in Indonesia, prompted this study, which aims to assess butterfly diversity in different habitats (forest edge, residential areas, and community plantations) within the buffer zone of Gunung Leuser National Park, specifically in Bukit Mas Village, North Sumatra. Observatio...

The hairy-nosed otter (Lutra sumatrana) is an endangered species of the family Mustelidae. It is a medium-sized otter with a distinct pale chin and upper lip and was once believed to be extinct in the wild. However, to date, only a few specimen measurements have been published. In Sumatra, two reported sightings were from Sekayu, Palembang, and Buk...

Husna F, Nurhayati, Patria MP, Winarni NL. 2024. Diversity of bird-feeding guilds in Bukit Mas Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4572-4580. Birds are one of the essential components of the ecosystem. Like other organisms, birds provide significant services to maintain the balance of the ecosystem. Resource availability in differe...

Soaring demand for nickel to support the low-carbon transition is driving extensive mining in mineral-rich countries, but the environmental and social impacts of nickel mining remain underexplored. Here, we use a counterfactual approach to examine nickel-mining outcomes on forests and the well-being of nearby communities in Sulawesi, Indonesia—a re...

The Black Hornbill Anthracoceros malayanus is known to prefer lowland forest habitats and also persists in disturbed forests. However, the extent of its use in disturbed areas remains poorly understood. This study investigated the Black Hornbill's habitat preference in Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. We used spatial analysis to exp...

Island populations of large vertebrates have experienced higher extinction rates than mainland populations over long timescales due to demographic stochasticity, genetic drift and inbreeding. Conversely, small island populations often experience relatively less anthropogenic habitat degradation than populations on larger islands, making them potent...

Mammal populations are declining in biodiverse tropical regions. Global analyses have identified Indonesia as a hotspot of vertebrate decline, although relatively few data are available to substantiate these claims. We reviewed research articles published during 2000–2020 on 104 medium-sized to large terrestrial mammal species found in Indonesia to...

Protected areas (PAs) are central to sustainability targets, yet few evaluations explore outcomes for both conservation and development, or the trade‐offs involved. We applied counterfactual analyses to assess the extent to which PAs maintained forest cover and influenced well‐being across >31,000 villages in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. We e...

Oil palm smallholders, in particular non-plasma independent smallholders, experience significant yield gaps. Closing this yield gap is important to enhance sustainable livelihoods for oil palm smallholders and reduce the risk of yield increase through expansion. One of the key factors influencing yield is the harvest interval (number of days betwee...

Bryophytes are nonvascular plants that have simple structures that are sensitive to environmental changes, and they can, therefore be used as indicators of air quality. The presence of bryophytes in disturbed urban ecosystems, such as residential and industrial areas, indicates that their structures have adapted to survive in such areas. The object...

The Bali myna Leucopsar rothschildi has long suffered heavy trapping, leading to its near extinction in the wild and categorization as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Decades of conservation breeding, release of birds and post-release management at Bali Barat National Park have, until recently, failed to secure a viable wild population....

CONTEXT: Smallholders are responsible for a large share of global palm oil production. Yet, in Indonesia, the main palm oil producing country, smallholders’ yields remain low. Better management practices, including short harvest interval (HI, the number of days between two harvest rounds), could help to raise smallholder yields. However, at present...

Primate Population Status at The Wildlife Reserve in Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. This research conducted in Giam siak kecil, Bukit Batu and Balairaja wildlife reserve. Primate species we found in this study are Presbytis percura, Trachyphitecus cristatus, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca nemestrina and Hylobates agilis

Coconut farming contributes to the livelihoods of millions of people in tropical countries but is less frequently considered as a threat to biodiversity compared to other palm commodities such as oil palm. The expansion of coconut farming alongside other smallholder agriculture in Sulawesi, Indonesia, is of potential concern as the region is a cent...

Winarni NL, Nuruliawati, Anugra BG, Junaid AR, Widayanti S, Aslan, Nugroho A, Miga I, Kurniawan MB, Liestanti M, Lutfiani RA, Wulandari Y. 2023. Can cities provide butterfly-friendly habitats? Biodiversitas 24: 2334-2341. Cities are progressively changed over time, creating land use changes with reduced green space areas. On the other hand, urban h...

The role of agronomic management for explaining yield gaps in smallholder oil palm fields has received little attention. We assessed yield gaps in smallholder oil palm fields using a crop model, survey data, and field measurements. Average farmer yield was low, representing 42% of the attainable yield as determined by local weather and soil. Among...

Catatan Tersembunyi Pejuang Konservasi. Society for Conservation Biology. Indonesia Chapter

The achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Climate Agreement depends on rapid progress towards sustainable food and land systems in all countries. We have built a flexible, collaborative modeling framework to foster the development of national pathways by local research teams and their integration up to global sca...

Smallholders are key to sustainable palm oil production, but their yields remain low. Better management practices, including proper harvest interval (HI), can raise yields and strengthen rural economies without further cropland expansion. However, agronomic and socio economic drivers underlying harvest decisions are poorly understood. We explored a...

Wallacea—the meeting point between the Asian and Australian fauna—is one of the world's largest centers of endemism. Twenty-three million years of complex geological history have given rise to a living laboratory for the study of evolution and biodiversity, highly vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures. In the present article, we review the historic...

There is an urgent need for countries to transition their national food and land-use systems toward food and nutritional security, climate stability, and environmental integrity. How can countries satisfy their demands while jointly delivering the required transformative change to achieve global sustainability targets? Here, we present a collaborat...

The bird community in urban areas indicates the species-specific adaptability to urban conditions such as the increase in man-made habitats. Urban adapters and urban exploiters, two groups that make up most of the urban birds, were assessed to determine their suitable habitat and explain their distribution, as well as to determine the environmental...

Human activities in Jakarta City, Indonesia, produce huge quantities of litter, much of which is dumped in mangrove habitats along the coast of Jakarta Bay. We identified three mangrove sites that contained no litter to varying amounts of litter and assessed its effect on the bird communities that are associate with those mangroves. We conducted th...

Anthropogenic‐driven species extinctions are radically changing the biosphere. Biological communities may become increasingly similar to or dissimilar from one another via the processes of biotic homogenisation or heterogenisation. A key question is how the conversion of native forests to agriculture may influence these processes by driving changes...

The Black-winged Myna (Acridotheres melanopterus) is an Endangered passerine endemic to the islands of Java and Bali, Indonesia. Illegal trapping to supply the cage-bird trade has led to its near-total extinction, with the global population estimated to number fewer than 100 individuals. We estimated the current range and population size of the spe...

Rapid development has become a global priority as countries strive to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Sustainable development is crucial for increasing human well-being in emerging economies while avoiding perverse outcomes on livelihoods, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) promises to he...

Mangrove ecosystems are vulnerable to pollution such as marine debris. The presence of marine debris can affect the waterbird community. The present study aims to determine and analyze the effect of marine debris on waterbirds in the Muara Angke Mangrove Area. The research was undertaken from October to November 2020 at three research areas: Angke-...

Forest and land fires have a very bad impact on the economic, social, health and ecological sectors. Forest and land fires in Bengkalis Regency are influenced by several factors, including human Negligence, and land contour factors, according to BPPT 69.69% of the Bengkalais area is a peat area that is prone to decreasing water levels causing droug...

The Wallacea biogeographic region of Sulawesi, the Moluccas and Lesser Sunda is globally renowned for exceptional endemism, but is currently emerging as a development frontier in Indonesia. We assessed patterns and drivers of forest loss and fragmentation across the region, and used dynamic deforestation models to project future deforestation to 20...

The existence of waste in Muara Gembong can potentially affect bird abundance because organic waste can be a source of bird food, while inorganic waste can cause changes in habitat structure. This study aimed to (i) determine bird species that have a high abundance near the trash, and (ii) determine the correlation between waste concentration and t...

A high human population increase will affect the landuse change, and as a result, there will be a conversion of green areas into residential and industrial lands. The natural habitat of wildlife such as avifauna will be highly fragmented and even lost. This research was conducted in Sukmajaya District, which was the most densely populated sub-distr...

Grey-backed myna (Acridotheres tricolor) is a critically endangered endemic bird of East Java with populations in nature fewer than 250 individuals. Baluran National Park is one of the last natural habitats of Grey-backed myna. This study aims to determine the relative abundance and habitat use of Grey-backed myna populations in several habitats in...

Citizen science projects remain rare in biodiverse yet data-poor countries, contributing to a shortfall in generating data for biodiversity monitoring and promoting public stewardship of nature. We document and analyse BigMonth2020, a month-long birdwatching event across Java and Bali, publicised through social media and incentivised with grants an...

We report on the results of a survey of the herpetofauna of West Bali National Park (Taman Nasional Bali Barat in Indonesian, hereafter TNBB) that was carried out in 2015. The survey also included other taxa and the motivation for it was to identify a species or group of species that could be used as indicators of management success for Protected A...

The COVID-19 pandemic situations had forced universities to shutdown face-to-face lectures and change it to online teaching. This change had brought significant challenges to biological courses which need field practice in their syllabus and therefore field practice should be adjusted and innovative. During November-December 2020, we compared stude...

A study of Psittacidae community has been conducted in the area of Mbeliling landscape, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. The purpose of this study was to asses the community of Psittacidae which includes the relative abundance, dominance and species composition in three locations with their different representations of habitats and altitudes. Data were...

Major advances in biology and ecology have sharpened our understanding of what the goals of biodiversity conservation might be, but less progress has been made on how to achieve conservation in the complex, multi-sectoral world of human affairs. The failure to deliver conservation outcomes is especially severe in the rapidly changing landscapes of...

Sumatra is an island that contains rich wildlife biodiversity and a variety of ecosystems, and is categorized as one of the most threatened terrestrial ecoregions on earth. One of Sumatra's ecosystems is peat swamp forest, which has unusually extreme conditions, but otherwise can support diverse flora and fauna with many endemic and endangered spec...

Habitat destruction is increasingly threatening the remaining primate habitat on the island of Java and populations of primates are declining as a result. Field surveys are commonly used to document the status of species such as primates and often serve as a preliminary step to long-term studies of primate populations. We trained university student...

Sulawesi is an important island for primates. All 17 species that are found there are endemics. The island also includes contact zones between species of macaques (genus Macaca) where hybrids may arise. Sulawesi continues to be deforested, especially in the lowlands most suitable for estate crops and other agricultural products. We carried out an i...

Bali Barat National Park was assessed for its suitability to receive RFS Protected Area CreditsTM. Part of the requirement is to select indicator groups from among 5 terrestrial taxa, within the eligible forest in the park boundaries, (1) insects - butterflies, (2) amphibian, (3) reptiles, (4) birds, and (5) mammals that can serve as r indicators f...

In 2015, Bali Barat National Park was chosen for a Rainforest Standard (RFS) demonstration project. As part of the requirement for the Protected Area Credit of the RFS, species or a group of species that can act as indicators of ecosystem health in Bali Barat National Park (BBNP) have to be identified. Butterflies was one of the taxa assessed for t...

Odonata was very selective to the habitat selection. Their sensitivity toward environment makes them be good indicator species. Information of species diversity of Odonata in the highland of tropical freshwater lakes is still rare. The purpose of this research was to compare species diversity of Odonata in Telaga Biru Mount Gede Pangrango National...

Black-winged myna ( Acridotheres melanopterus ) is an endemic species from Indonesia, which has no difference between male and female based on their morphological characteristic. It can be a problem for the breeders to identify the sex when they have to pair the bird. The aim of this research is to identify the differences between male and female b...

Most of the tropical lowland dipterocarp forests in Indonesia have been fragmented and isolated due to excessive logging and forest fire. In addition, the growth of dipterocarp is generally slow. If these conditions persist, it will eventually decrease the dipterocarp’s population. Information on phenological patterns and community structure are on...

Investigation of the use of indicator species as a surrogate for ecosystem health was conducted during 2014 in the periphery of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung, Indonesia. The survey area composed of forest, edge, and agricultural areas in three sites at the Pemerihan village. We used point count for bird surveys within 1 km transe...

Hornbills (Bucerotidae) are endangered bird species and current trade issues become major threats which surpass the information available on hornbill population. Differences in survey protocol from various regions in Indonesia may lead to acquisition of low quality data. Using Distance Sampling data from Sumatra and Sulawesi gathered from various p...

Black-winged myna (Acridotheres melanopterus) is an endemic bird of Java and Bali that is currently critically endangered based on International Union of Conservation for Nature (IUCN) since 2010. Hybridization in captivity occurs between the Acridotheres melanopterus with other species of myna. It is difficult to distinguish hybrid and pure black-...

The studies related to black-winged myna (Acridotheres melanopterus) are still very lack at the moment. The bird is an endemic species of Java and Bali which is currently critically endangered according to the International Union of Conservation for Nature (IUCN) since 2010. Hybridization of this species in captivity often occurs with other myna sp...

The Snoring Rail Aramidopsis plateni is a poorly known bird species endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia. We found three Snoring Rails between 10 April and 23 July 2018 in the Pohuwato regency, Gorontalo province, on Sulawesi’s northern Minahasa peninsula, obtaining the first images and audio recordings of live, wild individuals. We provide details of ou...

Nowadays, many habitats of Javan slow loris was fragmented. It also affects the amount of feed trees which will also affect the feeding behavior of Javan slow loris. This study was conducted to know is the Javan slow loris has preferences of feeding position and food kinds as one of foraging strategy on Prosimian. Research about feeding tree prefer...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis dan feeding guild burung yang terdapat di tiga tipe habitat di Karawang, Jawa Barat. Ketiga habitat tersebut meliputi hutan yang terletak di wilayah Karawang Barat serta habitat mangrove dan sawah di wilayah Karawang Timur. Guild sendiri merupakan salah satu karakter ekologis yang dapat...

The complexity of heterogeneous strata can be used to determine the distribution of resources in bird communities. However, deforestation causes damage and may disturb the bird community in the forest. Cikepuh Wildlife Reserve in West Java, Indonesia is an example of degraded forest due to deforestation. Illegal logging in the area leads to approxi...

Black-winged myna (Acridotheres melanopterus) is an endemic bird of Java and Bali, currently critically endangered based on International Union of Conservation for Nature (IUCN) since 2010. The study about black-winged myna morphological characteristic is important because it has two relatives with almost identical features of morphology. The infor...

The severe declines in forest cover on Sumatra and adjacent islands have been well-documented but that has not slowed the rate of forest loss. Here we present recent data on deforestation rates and primate distribution patterns to argue, yet again, for action to avert potential extinctions of Sumatran primates in the near future. Maps of forest l...

Temperature, rainfall and extreme weather have been indicated to affect the phenological patterns and forest productivity by shifting flowering and fruiting seasons and patterns, as well as crop production. Dipterocarpaceae are high value trees for both timber and non-timber forest products. This study aims to determine the response of phenological...

Temperature, rainfall and extreme weather have been indicated to affect the phenological patterns and forest productivity by shifting flowering and fruiting seasons and patterns, as well as crop production. Dipterocarpaceae are high value trees for both timber and non-timber forest products. This study aims to determine the response of phenological...

The trade in wild animals involves one third of the world's bird species and thousands of other vertebrate species. While a few species are known to be imperiled as a result of the wildlife trade, the lack of field studies makes it difficult to gauge how serious a threat it is to biodiversity. We combined data on changes in bird abundances across s...

Extinction rates in the Anthropocene are three orders of magnitude higher than background and disproportionately occur in the tropics, home of half the world’s species. Despite global efforts to combat tropical species extinctions, lack of high-quality, objective information on mammals and birds, representing 244 species from 15 tropical forest pro...

Population occupancy status. By class (a), IUCN category (b), body mass (c), guild (d), landscape type (e), and hunting status (f). Bar height illustrates the relative frequencies of each occupancy status, and bar width illustrates the sample size. Asterisks indicate a significantly different occupancy status. See S2 Table for numerical data. (TIF)

Occupancy status by TEAM site and guild. The proportion of populations with decreasing (orange), increasing (purple), unknown (gray), or stable (white) occupancy for each guild at each site; n = 511 populations. See S1 Table for site information corresponding to the three-letter site codes. Bar length illustrates the proportion of each occupancy st...

Pairwise relationships between continuous site-level variables. Upper triangular portion of the matrix contains Pearson correlation coefficients, with the font size proportional to the correlation coefficient. Lower triangular portions of the matrix contain pairwise scatter plots to illustrate associations. “PAsize” is the log of the size of the pr...

Summary information for TEAM sites. Including the full site name, site code, country, number of years of camera trap data, number of populations monitored by TEAM, percent of populations for each occupancy status, percent of monitored populations that were reported as hunted or not hunted, landscape connectivity, camera trap sampling area, protecte...

Population occupancy status and monitoring duration. Frequency histogram of population trends based on the number of years of camera trap data (3–4 y [n = 8 sites, 270 populations], 5 y [n = 4 sites, 141 populations], or 6 y or more [n = 3 sites, 100 populations]). While the variance in occupancy trends decreased with additional years of data, the...

Population occupancy over time. Each line depicts the trend of a particular species population monitored by TEAM. Color depicts significantly decreasing (orange), significantly increasing (purple), unknown (gray), or stable (black) occupancy trends. See S2 Table for numerical data. (TIF)

Forest cover and landscape classification. (a) Green represents forest cover and brown represents non-forested cover for the ZOI of each protected area (Materials and Methods). Bold text is the code for each TEAM site. x- and y-axis labels are degrees latitude and longitude, respectively. (b) The UPGMA cluster analysis was based on two measures of...

Supplementary results. (DOCX)

AIC comparison of univariate logistic regression models. For (a) the proportion of decreasing occupancy status populations per site and (b) the proportion of increasing occupancy status populations per site. For both decreasing and increasing occupancy status proportions, the null models with no covariates performed better (delta AIC > 2) than all...

Monitored populations and associated attribute data. The following attributes are listed for each population: Class, Order, Family, Species, IUCN Red List Status (TH = Threatened, NT = Near Threatened, VU = Vulnerable, LC = Least Concern, DD = Data Deficient), Body Mass, Guild (Omnivore, Carnivore, Herbivore, Insectivore), Occupancy Coefficient Slo...

Numerical data for Fig 2A. (CSV)

R code. (PDF)

Numerical data for Fig 2C. (CSV)

Numerical data for S7 Fig. (CSV)

Wallacea holds great significance not only for evolution and biogeography but also for conservation. No less than 98 species of Wallacea"s endemic mammals, birds, and amphibians appear on the IUCN Red List of globally threatened species. The primates of Wallacea show high diversity and endemicity within a very narrow range. There are 20 species of...

Indonesia is home to at least 205 species of bats, over a fifth of the world's total. Chiroptera in the Indonesian island chain belong to nine families and 52 genera. Most of these bats are insectivores but the Pteropodidae of sub-Order Yinpterochiroptera are frugivores and nectarivores and, hence, important pollinators of economically significant...

The Red-knobbed Hornbill Rhyticeros cassidix and the Sulawesi Tarictic Hornbill Penelopides exarhatus are endemic to Sulawesi. This study assessed the effect of anthropogenic disturbance on these two species in Lambusango forest, Buton, south-east Sulawesi. Data were collected between 2005 and 2007 in six study sites which varied in their levels of...

Terrestrial mammals are a key component of tropical forest communities as indicators of ecosystem health and providers of important ecosystem services. However, there is little quantitative information about how they change with local, regional and global threats. In this paper, the first standardized pantropical forest terrestrial mammal community...

We used radiotelemetry, habitat sampling, camera trapping, and line-transect surveys to explore movement patterns, distribution, and abundance of Great Argus Pheasants (Argusianus argus) in Sumatra, Indonesia. We radiotracked six adult and one subadult males. Territories averaged 14.5 ± 8.5 ha, and home-range size did not vary by month or by relati...