
Nurlan KenzheakhmetAl-Farabi Kazakh National University · department of kazakhstan history
Nurlan Kenzheakhmet
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Introduction
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Objective: Little is known about diplomatic relations between the Jūchīd Ulūs and Ming China (1368–1644), even though some evidence of early tributary trade relations exists. The first extant Chinese account about the country of Salai (Saray) dates to around 1394, when accounts of diplomatic exchange between the Ming court and the Jūchīd Ulūs began...