Nuray Bayar Muluk

Kirikkale University · Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

Objectives: We investigated the effectiveness of different types of nasal irrigation sprays in adult allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. Methods: A total of 1700 patients with AR (866 males and 834 females) were assigned to: Group 1: Hypertonic nasal spray group ( n = 600) (Sinomarin ® hypertonic nasal spray); Group 2: Algae-containing hypertonic nasa...

Objectives: To review measures for safer functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Methods: PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, Proquest Central at Kırıkkale University, Google, and Google Scholar were used in the literature review. The search was performed using keywords of “functional endoscopic sinus surgery,” “FESS,” “Safety,” “Image-Guided,” and “compl...

Objectives: Of all the face surgeries, rhinoplasty is known to be the most difficult. The aim of this paper is to review open-roof deformity. Methods: PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, Proquest Central at Kırıkkale University, and Google and Google Scholar were used in the literature review. The search was performed with the keywords “open roof deformity,”...

Objectives We investigated volumetric changes in buccal fat pad (BFP) in age groups and sexes by cranial or neck computed tomography (CT) or cranial CT angiography. Methods One hundred twenty patients underwent cranial or neck CT examinations or cranial CT angiography were retrospectively screened: 18–29 years old (group 1), 30–49 years old (group...

Bees use materials derived from various plant parts, buds, and exudates to create propolis, a resinous combination that is naturally occurring. The waxy and mechanical properties of propolis allow bees to utilize it in building and repairing their hives. It protects against weathering threats like wind and rain and external invaders like snakes and...

Many branches of medicine treat skin conditions that manifest on the nose. When people experience skin lesions on the nose, they often seek the advice of dermatologists, otorhinolaryngologists, primary care physicians, and general plastic and dermatologic surgeons. Skin lesions on the face and head are common in dermatologic surgeons’ daily practic...

Two levels should be addressed when considering the antibacterial activity of propolis. Two aspects of this are associated: one directly impacting the microbe and the other with stimulation of the immune system, which activates the organism’s innate defenses (Przybyłek I, Karpiński TM. Molecules 24(11):2047, 2019; Sforcin JM, Bankova V. J Ethnophar...

The healing properties of honey have made it a popular natural remedy. According to reports, it contains over 200 different chemicals. Fructose and glucose make up the bulk of honey, but it also includes fructo-oligosaccharides, many enzymes, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids. Depending on the plants that bees feed on, honey can have a wide range...

There is a significant cause for worry within the medical community over the growing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotic treatment. The use of specific probiotic strains to inhibit the growth of pathogens due to the release of bacteriocins and the use of phytochemicals that can inhibit biofilms, interfere with bacterial quorum sensing signal...

Objective: The facial nerve and its branches are at risk during facial surgery. The surgery with the highest risk is parotid and submandibular gland surgery. An attempt was made to determine threshold values in terms of paralysis in nerve monitoring parameters. These determined values could not be used to predict facial nerve function after surgery...

Objectives: The aim of this article is to review safer orthognathic surgery. Methods: The literature survey was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, ProQuest Central databases of Kırıkkale University, and Google and Google Scholar databases. Results: Patients with dentofacial skeletal defects may benefit from orthognathic surgery, which entails su...

OBJECTIVES. We investigated whether there were atrophic changes in grey matter (pons, midbrain, and thalamus) in migraine patients. Vertebral artery diameters were also evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The cranial MRI images of 49 adult migraine-diagnosed patients and 49 adult subjects with normal cranial MRI results were included in the study. In...

OBJECTIVES. In this paper, we reviewed cough and herbal therapies. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Research methods included searching online databases such as Google, Google Scholar, ProQuest Central, and PubMed at Kirikkale University. We used terms like “cough”, “herbal”, “reflex”, “Primula veris”, “Primula elatior”, “Thymus vulgaris”, “Althea Officinalis...

OBJECTIVES. Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a condition that involves the non-cancerous growth of the inner part of the frontal bone. We investigated diffuse HFI in cranial CT in terms of bone thickness and density. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The cranial CT images of 154 adult patients with diffuse HFI and 151 adult patients without HFI were inc...

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the contributions of the filler procedure performed in the malar region to the patient's appearance as visual quality and quality of life. Methods: A total of 72 patients who underwent a malar filler procedure between March 2022 and March 2023 were included in the study. Each patient received a 2 cc inject...

Objectives: We investigated the effects of allicin on nasal mucosa via an experimental study. Methods: In the study, 16 male New Zealand Albino (2.5-4.5 kg) rabbits were used. The right nasal passages of the 8 rabbits were included in the control group (Group 1, n = 8), and the right nasal passages of the 8 different rabbits were included in the st...

Objectives: In the present study, we compared patient satisfaction with classical tongue-in-groove (TIG) technique and triple cartilage combining suture (TCCS; flexible tongue-in-groove) techniques applied to the nasal tip in rhinoplasty. Methods: In this retrospective study, 80 patients who underwent rhinoplasty operations with TIG or TCCS techniq...

Citation: Saponjic, J.; Mejías, R.; Nikolovski, N.; Dragic, M.; Canak, A.; Papoutsopoulou, S.; Gürsoy-Özdemir, Y.; Fladmark, K.E.; Ntavaroukas, P.; Bayar Muluk, N.; et al. Experimental Models to Study Immune Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4330. Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, age...

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate how Rhinapi nasal spray affects symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, observational study, 10,000 patients (comprising 5028 males and 4972 females) exhibiting symptoms of allergic rhinitis (namely, nasal discharge, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal obstruction) from diffe...

Objective: Patients with pollybeak deformity who underwent rhinoplasty were analyzed retrospectively and across centers to identify their primary risk factors, preventative measures, and treatment modalities. Patients and methods: The retrospective data of 100 pollybeak deformity cases (61 males and 39 females) were enrolled in our study. The ca...

Objective: In the present study, we evaluated patient satisfaction with cap grafts by Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (ROE) scores. Mini cap and wide cap grafts were applied. Patients and methods: A total of 80 patients who underwent a rhinoplasty operation with cap graft application to the tip region were included in the study. According to the...

Objective: We investigated symptom scores and quality of life in unilateral posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) patients. Patients and methods: In this retrospective and multicentric study, 78 patients with unilateral posterior canal BPPV (47 right-sided and 31 left-sided) were included. All patients have performed the St...

OBJECTIVES. We investigated the effect of vitamin D3 deficiency on peripheral and central odor centres by using cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIAL AND METHODS. In this retrospective study, cranial MRI images of 23 adolescents with vitamin D3 deficiency and 18 adolescents with normal vitamin D3 levels (≥ 20 ng/ml) were evaluated. Blo...

OBJECTIVES. We reviewed the use of social media and its influence on rhinoplasty decisions. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The literature survey was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, and ProQuest Central databases of Kırıkkale University and Google and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS. Networking features available through social media sites allow user...

Objectives In the present study, we investigated the round window (RW) and neighboring anatomical structures using temporal computed tomography (CT) which are important for cochlear implant (CI) electrodes. Methods In this retrospective study, the temporal CT images of 112 adult patients (45 males and 67 females) were evaluated. We classified masto...

This narrative review aims to provide an up-to-date definition of local allergic rhinitis (LAR), its classification, mechanisms, comorbidities, recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, and define needs in this area. Both 'PubMed' and 'Science Direct' literature was reviewed systematically, and a manual search for studies not previously encounte...

Objective: In the present study, we investigated the effects of 2-aminobenzothiazole application on human laryngeal carcinoma cells. Materials and methods: Human larynx epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) (ATCC® CCL-23™) cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA). Human larynx epidermoid carcinoma HEp-2 cells were cultured i...

Objectives: We investigated the relationship between sphenoid sinus (SS) pneumatization types, carotid canal types and carotid canal-intersinus septa connection. Methods: The paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNSCT) images of 274 patients (141 males and 133 females) were evaluated retrospectively. SS pneumatization, SS intersinus septation, S...

Bees, like all insects, have a thorax, an abdomen, and a head. Not only that, but they are also wingless and have six legs. The head is equipped with the following parts: • two touch- and smell-sensitive antennae; • two pairs of compound eyes and three pairs of simple eyes; • and the jaws, or mandibles, that are utilized for biting, working pollen...

Bees generate a substance that resembles resin called propolis by combining the sap of needle-leaved trees with their saliva and beeswax. Propolis is a resinlike substance. Propolis is a sealant that bees use to construct their hives, but there is some evidence that it may also have health benefits for people. Bee glue, bee propolis, and Baume de P...

Insects belonging to the suborder Apocrita (order Hymenoptera) comprise about 20,000 species, including the well-known honeybee (Apis) and bumblebee (Bombus and Psithyrus) and thousands of other beelike wasps and flylike insects. There is a wide size range for adults, from around 2 mm to 4 cm, or 0.08–1.6 inches. Bees and wasps share a common ances...

Honeybee colonies are vulnerable to various conditions, including illnesses and parasites. Varroa destructor and Tropilaelaps clareae are two examples of non-native parasites that have caused significant damage to European and North American colonies. Both of these parasites are considered to be highly destructive. Honeybees are susceptible to a wi...

The resinous substance known as propolis is a product of the beehive made up of plant components that hive workers gather. Afterward, salivary enzymes are added to the wax, and the mixture is combined with wax to make propolis. Bees chew on these components. Flavonoids and caffeic acid esters are propolis fractions with the most significant potenti...

Allergens are foreign substances to the body and trigger an inflammatory response through IgE-mediated pathways. Those genetically predisposed to atopic dermatitis, a condition in which even low levels of exposure to environmental triggers cause the production of IgE antibodies, are more likely to have sensitization than the general population. Var...

The United States is home to 4000 different kinds of native bees. From cold, icy Canada to hot, sunny Mexico, you can find bees belonging to the five most common families: Apidae, Halictidae, Andrenidae, Megachilidae, and Colletidae. You can find them in forests, deserts, backyards, and even the National Mall in the middle of our nation’s capital....

The combs that comprise the hive are two layers of six-sided chambers constructed from wax that the bees make and secrete. The cells contain food from honey, nectar from plants, and pollen bread, also known as bee bread. Honey, made by bees from blossom nectar, was the only easily accessible sugar for humans until the modern era. That is why people...

The most common manifestation of turbinate dysfunction is nasal congestion, which is also one of the symptoms associated with this condition. In some cases, the symptoms may be mild. In contrast, in others, the congestion may be so severe that the only way to ease it is to overuse topical decongestants such as oxymetazoline or phenylephrine. The fa...

Propolis, which continues to be a fascinating source of these chemicals, is related to several natural chemical substances that have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. These are just some of the natural chemical substances and their effects. The ever-increasing prevalence of respiratory tract infect...

Propolis not only possesses antiviral and antibacterial activities, but it also seems to regulate the immunological responses of the hosts in connection to respiratory tract diseases. Propolis and its bioactive component 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid stimulate the production of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which impr...

Numerous topical and hard-surface uses necessitate the widespread use of disinfectants and antiseptics in healthcare facilities. Alcohols, phenols, iodine, and chlorine are just a few of the biocides included in these goods. Many of these agents have a long history of usage. More information on these active compounds’ mechanism of action than antib...

Honey is a natural substance produced by bees collected using nectar and honeydew as their primary ingredients. Honey is a supersaturated solution of carbohydrates with a wide range of applications and exhibits various features. Propolis is a resinous material gathered by bees from the buds of trees, shrubs, and green plants. Bee glue is another na...

One of the causes of dysbiosis, an imbalance of the oral microbiota, is inadequate dental hygiene. Oral disorders are caused by dysbiosis since studies have revealed a restricted quantity of harmful bacteria at a healthy host site. A biofilm is formed when harmful bacteria increase too much, that condition is known as microbial dysbiosis. If you ha...

According to the scientific literature, a substantial amount of evidence suggests that propolis exhibits antifungal characteristics. Propolis is susceptible to being influenced by changes in its chemical makeup, as has been demonstrated by previous research. This differential in antifungal action has been documented in several studies that have inv...

Antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects are just a few of propolis’ many biologically active characteristics in the previous 30 years of pharmacological and biochemical research. Anatolian propolis samples vary in origin and a few additional characteristics. In four samples of Anatolia...

Traditional medicine and nutritional supplements have long used propolis, a honeybee resin. However, recent preclinical studies have shown that propolis may have a wide range of therapeutic bioactivities, such as protecting neurons from damage, reducing inflammation, fighting cancer, and preventing the spread of viruses. There is encouraging precli...

Objectives We reviewed the role of facial masks in preventing allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms. Methods The literature survey was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, and Proquest Central databases of Kırıkkale University and Google and Google Scholar databases. Results Aeroallergens are microscopic airborne particles that trigger AR symptoms. In...

Objectives: Nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron loss is essential in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate nigrostriatal structures including the putamen, cerebral peduncle, widths of interpeduncular cistern, and ambient cistern around the midbrain with conventional cranial magnetic resonance images (MRI...

In adults, a majority of cases of hearing loss are sensorineural in nature, but in children, hearing loss is conductive in nature in between 90 and 95% of cases. However, sensorineural hearing losses are still commonly encountered in the clinical setting, and many cases of paediatric sensorineural hearing loss are congenital in nature. For children...

In terms of phylogeny, the Rickettsiae are located as a group of microbes intermediate between bacteria and viruses, but classified as bacteria. The Rickettsiales order contains the Rickettsiaceae family, which itself includes the Rickettsiae, the tribe consisting of the Rickettsia genus. The members of this genus are all obligate intracellular org...

Herpes zoster oticus (HZO), sometimes termed Ramsay Hunt syndrome, refers to an infrequently occurring disorder in which patients present with earache, vesicle formation on the pinna, and peripherally paralysed facial muscles. It occurs when varicella zoster virus lying dormant within the geniculate ganglion becomes reactivated. This condition is e...

Labyrinthitis refers to inflammation occurring in the labyrinth/inner ear. The clinical presentation involves symptoms of disordered balance and auditory impairment, which may vary in severity. It may be uni- or bilateral. Labyrinthitis may be triggered by bacterial or viral pathogens and occurs in the context of a local or systemic infection. Anot...

There are multiple prion diseases which affect humans as well as other animals. They all share the feature of neurodegeneration [1]. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) are prion diseases affecting humans. Cattle may suffer from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, colloquially referred to as “mad cow disease”...

Malignant otitis externa, also referred to as necrotising otitis externa (NOE), results from infection of the external auditory meatus and the temporal bone. The most frequent pathogen responsible is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with elderly, diabetic individuals those most at risk of developing the condition. NOE develops from otitis externa when osteo...

Otitis media with effusion (OME), a term also encompassing serous otitis media, is a condition in which fluid accumulates in the middle ear, but there are no indications of an acute infection [1]. There is also a subgroup of cases of OME where the fluid is viscous and yellow in colour and has the consistency of glue when viewed during tympanic surg...

OBJECTIVES. Adenoid hypertrophy is related to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). In this study, we investigated the relationship between adenoid tissue size and maxillary sinus volumes by examining the paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNSCT) images. MATERIAL AND METHODS. PNSCT images of 41 children were included in this study. According t...

Rhinorrhea alludes to a more noteworthy volume than common release of liquid from the nose. Patients gripe of a runny nose. The fluid might be of fluctuating thickness, clear or misty and might be released discontinuously or persistently. It is often advised to treat immediate CSF rhinorrhea following accidental injury in a conservative fashion, si...

The technical term for difficulty with deglutition is dysphagia. Dysphagia may relate to particular solids or liquids, or refer to a complete inability to swallow. The usual way dysphagia is viewed is as a problem that prevents an individual from eating normally. The complications of dysphagia include aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, dehydration...

Objective: In the present study, we investigated the effects of Ceramide C2 application on human laryngeal carcinoma cells. Materials and methods: Human larynx epidermoid carcinoma HEp-2 (ATCC® CCL-23™) cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA). Human larynx epidermoid carcinoma HEp-2 cells were cultured in compl...

We reviewed the potential benefits of conchal cartilage or Polydioxanone (PDS) foil-empowered nasal cartilage as caudal septal extension grafts (CSEGs). Research methods included searching online databases such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Proquest Central at Kırıkkale University. Use terms like "caudal septal extension grafts," "septal e...

This narrative review paper evaluates the preservation rhinoplasty (PR) technique in all aspects. The literature survey was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, and Proquest Central databases of Kırıkkale University, Google and Google Scholar databases. The advent of the preservation rhinoplasty (PR) approach has led to a radical shift in the mind...

This paper aims to review biologics in allergic rhinitis (AR). Biologic agents of Omalizumab, Dupilumab, Mepolizumab, Reslizumab, and Benralizumab are reviewed in detail. The search is performed in "Pubmed," "Google," Google Scholar" and EBSCO Academic Search Ultimate (EKUAL) database of Kırıkkale University Library from 2021 to 2000, and randomize...

Objective: In this retrospective and multicentric study, we investigated applied surgical methods in rhinoplasty for crooked nose deformity. Patients and methods: The retrospective data for 300 crooked nose deformity cases (191 males and 109 females) were used in our study. Classification of the initial deformities was performed as (1) I-shaped...

Rhinitis, the most frequently occurring form of which is allergic rhinitis (AR), refers to inflamed nasal mucosae. It is a condition that gives rise to sternutation, stuffiness, nasal pruritus, and nasal discharge. These symptoms may be present singly, or in any combination. AR is not usually associated with mortality, except where it co-exists wit...

In adenoid hypertrophy, the adenoids increase in magnitude, which leads to obstruction. It may happen in connection with adenoiditis, whether acute or chronic, or may be unrelated to infection. The adenoids consist of lymphoepithelial tissue and are located medially to the apertures of the Eustachian tubes in the upper part of the nasopharynx. They...

Laryngitis is among the most frequently encountered problems affecting the larynx. It refers to either acute or chronic laryngeal inflammation. Acute laryngitis starts suddenly and rarely requires medical intervention. Where laryngitis persists beyond 3 weeks, it is considered chronic. Acute laryngitis is caused by misusing the voice or being expos...

Headache still features among the commonest presenting complaints to general practitioners and specialists. Unsurprisingly, therefore, research presentations on the pathophysiological basis of headache and how to diagnose and manage headaches have been some of the most favored topics at the American Academy of Neurology’s (AAN) Annual Meeting. Pati...

The term sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) applies to a range of conditions which impact numerous branches of medical science. The range extends from primary snoring, via upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS), to obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAH). The most commonly encountered manifestation of SDB is snoring. Sometimes, snoring does...

The nose is formed embryologically by cells of the neural crest. These cells migrate in a caudal direction toward the middle of the future face at about the fourth week of pregnancy. The nasal placodes arise bilaterally in a caudal direction. The development of the nasal pits produces the nasal processes, both medial and lateral. The former process...

The nasal endoscope permits assessment of the lining of the nose and the sinuses directly and with crystal clear images with magnification. Endoscopy is frequently undertaken in the ENT clinic, where it permits objectivity in assessing the nasal lining, anatomical anomalies, and disease processes occurring within the nose. Endoscopy of the nose uti...

Infections, especially those of a viral nature, and allergies are the most prevalent causes of nasal blockage and runny nose in babies and children. Nasal obstruction is often associated with viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in newborns and babies. Nasal saline irrigation is thought to aid with URTI symptoms by clearing out any extra...

The earliest published description of oral infection with Candida albicans dates from 1838. François Valleix, a paediatric specialist in France noted the infection within the buccal cavity. Candidiasis (thrush) generally occurs in newborn children or those under the age of 1 year, or in older patients who are on antibiotic or corticosteroid pharmac...

Epistaxis in infants under 2 years of age requires particular treatment, even though emergency doctors see patients with this symptom on a regular basis. Epistaxis is uncommon in this age range and may indicate a serious underlying etiology, such as severe systemic illness or nonaccidental trauma [1]. Thus, it is vital to examine the assessment and...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more than expected in children, such as 1–6% of children and adolescents have obstructive sleep apnea [1]. Most of the kids that get it are between the ages of 2 and 8. The likelihood of upper airway collapse, and therefore of pediatric OSA, may be decreased or raised by a number of variables. Obesity is a major con...

Newborns and newborns must depend only on nose breathing; therefore, a healthy nasal passage is essential. Infants with nasal blockage may have feeding difficulties and dyspnea. Nasal saline rinse is an effective treatment for mucus-related nasal blockage [1]. In order to thin mucous, increase mucociliary clearance (MCC), decrease edema, and lessen...

Throughout history, breastfeeding has been the obvious and natural way for mothers to feed their infants. Despite the widespread availability of alternatives to mothers breastfeeding their own offspring, in every culture and country the option to breastfeed remains a significant method for the nutrition of neonates. Breastfeeding, however, like oth...

A high societal and economic cost is incurred due to infant and child hearing loss due to the subsequent delay in speech and language development. By early diagnosis and therapy, children with hearing loss may improve their language and communication skills to the point that they can fully participate in and contribute to a hearing society [1, 2]....

The first recommendation for the development and nationwide implementation of “universally applied procedures for early identification and evaluation of hearing impairment” came in 1965 from the Babbidge Report, a report of the Advisory Committee on Education of the Deaf. Efforts have continued since this time to further reduce the age at which a c...

Background We investigated the relationship between Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) and maxillary sinus mucosal thickness (MSMT), inferior turbinate mucosal thickness (ITMT), inferior turbinate width (ITW) and nasal septal body thickness (NSBT), which can be signs of chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis.Methods The study, which included 87 p...

Aim: We aimed to discuss and investigate the relationship between the surgeon's experience and post-tonsillectomy bleeding (PTB) in the light of the literature. Methods: The retrospective data was obtained from 280 patients who underwent tonsillectomy (32 PTB and 248 no-PTB) operated by residents or consultant surgeons. Results: The overall bleedin...

Objective: We aimed to examine the relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps and microplastics. Methods: A total of 80 patients participated in this prospectively planned study. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 had 50 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps, whereas Group 2 had 30 health...

OBJECTIVES. We investigated peripheric and central olfactory pathways on MRI in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients and the relationship between olfactory measurements of COPD patients and thorax CT images of emphysema classification in them. MATERIAL AND METHODS. In this retrospective study, cranial MRI of 42 adult patients with...

A nasal polyp (NP) is a non-cancerous growth outwards of the mucosal lining of the sinuses or the interior of the nose. They frequently occur in the vicinity of the sinusal outflow tract. Chronic rhinosinusitis refers to a disorder in which the paranasal sinuses and the mucosae of the nasal interior become inflamed for a period of at least 12 weeks...

Pharyngitis, a sore throat, is a frequent manifestation of an infective episode. Most sore throats are caused by a few very frequently occurring viruses that attack the respiratory system and usually resolve without intervention. Bacterial infections are also a key reason for pharyngitis. When correctly diagnosed, a bacterial sore throat may be tre...

Antrochoanal polyps (ACP) are non-malignant polyps which grow from the mucosal lining of the maxillary sinus. They bulge out into the cavity of the maxillary sinus, extending up to the choana. The principal symptom they produce is nasal blockage. Comparison of the pathogenetic basis in ACP with that in bilateral polyp formation in the nose reveals...

Objective We aimed to investigate the relationship between microplastics, which are a worldwide health and environmental issue, and their relationship to allergic rhinitis. Materials and methods A total of 66 patients participated in this prospective study. The patients were divided into two groups. While there were 36 patients with allergic rhini...

Tonsillitis refers to an inflammatory response within the tonsils of the pharynx. Since this process has a tendency also to involve the adenoid and lingual tonsils, it may also be classified as a type of pharyngitis. The pathogens accounting for the majority of instances of bacterial tonsillitis are group A β-hemolytic Streptococci (GABHS), i.e., S...

Objectives In this study, the nasolacrimal canal was examined proximal and distally in patients with septum deviation to investigate the relationship between septum deviation and nasolacrimal canal (NLC) diameter and to reveal its relationship with maxillary sinus (MS) diameter. Methods Preoperative paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNSCT) imag...

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental health disorder. Purpose: To investigate the peripheric and central olfactory measurements in patients with BD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and methods: This study was conducted retrospectively. Group 1 consisted of 27 euthymic patients with BD (14 men, 13 women) and Group 2 con...

Introduction Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) causes olfactory loss one of the initial diagnostic criteria. The brief smell identification test (BSIT) is an objective test frequently used in olfactory dysfunction. This study aimed to observe the changes in olfactory functions and clinical features in a short time in COVID-19. Methods In this pro...

Objective: We investigated the effects of tannic acid on viability and proliferation of nasal cells after topical application. It was also evaluated whether tannic acid served as an alternative treatment agent. Materials and methods: Collected primary nasal epithelium from healthy people who had undergone septoplasty operations were incubated in...

Objective: In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of morphing technology via Adobe PhotoShop program and its "liquefy" effect in patients planned to undergo augmentation rhinoplasty. Patients and methods: The retrospective data for 100 consecutive augmentation rhinoplasty cases (64 females and 36 males) were enrolled in our study. Pr...