Nuh Ocak

• PhD
• Professor at Ondokuz Mayıs University

This study investigated the effects of lyophilised ethanolic açaí (Euterpe oleracea) fruit extract (AFE) as a growth promoter on the carcass, gastrointestinal tract, meat quality, and blood biochemical properties in broilers. In total, 576 mixed-sex Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to four treatments, with six replications of 24 birds (12 f...

In this study, it was aimed to establish the correlations between actual dry matter intake (DMI) and some animal (body weight, (BW)) and pasture (crude protein (CP); neutral detergent fiber (NDF); in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD); dry matter yield (DMY); herbage allowance (HA); herbage mass (HM); metabolizable energy (ME); relative forage...

Wheat bran (WB), barley flour (BF), rice bran (RB), wheat red dog (WRD) or reduction shorts (WRS) supplementation, as a food supplement (FS, 19%), to mushroom composts having wheat (WS) or rice straw (RS) as basal substrate (BS, 80%) could have contributed to improving the nutritional value and forage quality properties of spent mushroom substrate...

Simple Summary A critical issue is the significant decrease in productivity and heightened consumer awareness caused by the inadequate welfare of confined lactating water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Providing supplementary feeding during milking (SFAM) helps alleviate the adverse effects of stall confinement on milk quality by enhancing welfare in...

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of offering (OSF) or not (NSF) supplemental feed at milking on temperament (TS), udder hygiene (UHS) and body condition (BCS) scores, and milk yield per milking (MYM), milk quality traits, and profitability of primiparous Anatolian buffalo cows at 90 days of lactation confined in closed-ti...

BACKGROUND Dietary l‐leucine or its metabolite 𝛽‐hydroxy‐𝛽‐methylbutyrate (HMB) has a crucial role in the muscle protein metabolism of broilers during the first few‐week growing period. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of l‐leucine (LLPD) or HMB (HLPD) supplementation in a low‐protein diet (20%, LPD) until 21 days old on performance,...

Herd management and nutrition strategies against increasing negative effects of global warming on farm animals have been the subject of significant debates in recent years. The fact that the changes in the environmental conditions are directly related to the habitats of the animals and the conditions inside the barn can affect the farm animals nega...

In terms of nutritional traits, among burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.) genotypes with different flowering time there can produce compatible genotypes to both grazing and ley farming system. Therefore, in this study, variability for nutritional traits among early- (n=13), medium- (n=12) and late-flowering (n=19) the genotypes were assessed using...

Poultry meat quality is controlled by muscle fiber properties associated with body weight gain in the immediate pre- or post-hatch period. This study aimed to determine the effect of administration of branched-chain amino acids blend (BCAAb, 3 L-leucine:1 L-isoleucine:2 L-valine) in the pre- or post-hatch period on the growth performance and fiber...

: In this study, common weed species (Anthemis sp., Anthemis tinctoria L., Pilosella hoppeana Schultes, Doranicum orientale Hoffm, Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten., Ornithogalum armeniacum Baker, Ornithogalum narbonense L., Ornithogalum wiedemannii Boiss., Anchusa azurea Miller, Echium plantagineum L., Echium vulgare L., Ajuga orientalis L., Stachys...

Cultivated forage species may have higher nutrients contents (NC) and forage quality indicators (FQI) than their wild relatives. Nine forage samples collected five times from a mixed rangeland and an experimental field during two consecutive years was analysed for ash, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent (NDF) and acid dete...

In the present study, the nutritional values and in vitro rumen parameters of three browse forages (Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Cajanus cajan (CC) and Khaya senegalensis (KS)) and five grasses (Andropogon gayanus (AG), Panicum maximum C1 local (PMCL), Panicum maximum C1 ameliorate (PMCA), Pennisetum purpureum (PP), and Brachiaria ruziziensis (BR))...

This study aimed to determine which nutritional traits are a key to indicate the nutritive value of some sorghum cultivars by chemometric techniques such as principal component (PCA) and cluster (CA) analyses. Based on their genotype, seven sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivars (sorghum [Rox and Early Sumac], sudangrass [Gözde] and sorghum...

Simple Summary Outdoor-based systems can improve the product quantity and quality in laying hens. This study investigated the laying performance and several egg quality characteristics in layer hens fed on a conventional diet with free access to a soil area (control, C), a chicory (CI)- or white clover (TR)-vegetated area, or a CI and TR mixture (M...

To evaluate the effect of reduced calcium (Ca) and available P (aP) levels in starter diets on growth performance and tibia, sternum and serum characteristics, and to assay the association between Ca and P (aP) intakes and these variables, 600 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a 21-days trial. Broilers were randomly allotted to fiv...

Mushroom production waste is the substrates or composts that remain after the mushroom harvesting. These composts are materials that include different agricultural product wastes (straw, poultry litter etc.), urea and limestone. Mycelial action on the compost can increase the feed value of the spent mushroom substrates due to a change in the solubi...

The objective of the study was to examine the effects of an alcoholic liquid olive leaf extract (OLE) obtained from fresh leaves on the growth performance, carcass weight, caecal microflora, and some plasma variables, such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in broiler c...

This study was carried out to investigate the floristic features (family, preference by grazers, growth form and response to grazing) and qualities of forage species collected from mountainous rangeland (Akdağ Mountain, Ladik) in the middle Black Sea region of Turkey. Forage samples were collected five times by 15-day intervals from the before-flow...

Objective: The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of normal and low protein content (PC) of starter diet supplemented or not with blends of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on growth performance of broilers under summer conditions and to investigate whether these effects altered some quality traits and the characteristics of ga...

Two studies were carried out to evaluate the rangelands subjected to grazing pressures (GP) at different levels with single (SSG, cattle)-or multi (MSG, cattle, sheep and goats)-grazing animals species (GAS) for a long time in Zonguldak province, Turkey. These studies were done in 2015 and 2016 years. The GP treatment was classified as <0.30 (very...

Rangelands or grasslands are the main nutrition sources of grazing ruminants. They are mainly consisted of legumes, grasses and other species. Although feeding and grazing behaviors of grazing animals in grasslands are complicated, estimating herbage intake (HI) of grazing animals is significant for both producers and range management. For this pur...

In this study, the influence of a branched‐chain amino acid blend (BCAA composed of 3 l‐leucine:1 l‐valine:2 l‐isoleucine) injected into the amniotic fluid was evaluated for embryonic growth, yolk‐sac (YS) utilization and development of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and skeletal muscles of turkey embryos from day 24 of incubation (24E) to hatching,...

Feed intake, feeding behaviours and plant preferences of grazing animals are the most significant characteristics for performance. Effective utilization of legumes, grasses and other families by grazing ruminants (cattle, sheep and goat) as a nature of their creation is fairly important for both producers and range management. Although feeding beha...

Concepts behind the best management practices of rangeland improvement include production, economics, as well as social and environmental aspects. Although revenue in rangelands can be increased by fertilization, total production cost can increase and as a result, net benefit may reduce due to increase in fertilizer application cost. This study exa...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of In ovo injection of β-Alanine which is a modified form of the alanine amino acid on hatchability, hatching weight, chick quality score and survival in broiler breeder eggs. For this purpose, 120 fertile eggs from Ross 308 breeder (32-week-old) were allocated randomly to four groups with 3 replicat...

In this study, soil preferences of wild birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and narrowleaf birdsfoot trefoil (L tenuis Waldst. & Kit.) species growing in natural flora of the Black Sea Region (Turkey) and the plant species which they interact with, as well as their feed values were investigated. Dominant forage species that interact with L. c...

ABSTRACT To investigate the changes in irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and some agronomic and nutritional characteristics of forage maize and sorghum cultivars (cvs) irrigated in shallow soil, two maize and seven sorghum cvs were evaluated in rain-fed (NIR) and irrigated (IR) field conditions for a3-year period. The experimental design was a...

The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of in ovo feeding of branched chain amino acids (BCAA, 3 L-leucine: 1 L-valine: 2 L-isoleucine) on hatchability, poult quality (Tona-score), yolk utilisation, relative assymmetry (RA), feeding behavior and pectoralis muscles (PM) weight (from 24E to hatch). At 22 d 12 h of incubation (22E...

In early posthatch, delayed time access to feed and water and the structure of feeds are critical factors affecting development. Early access to feed and water in the hatchery or pen, show better growth rates in poults when compared to standard practices. However, it has been scientifically indicated the harmful effects of the delayed access to fee...

In order to investigate the changes in meat quality characteristics and some serum metabolites as well as carcass yield, non-carcass parts, internal organs of lambs as influenced by birth weight (BtW) and feeding system (FS), 28 Karayaka male lambs (150 days of age) obtained from four comparable groups that consisted of seven replicates according t...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of insoluble granite-grit on growth performance and gut health status of broiler chicks. One hundred and sixty 14-day-old broiler chicks were allocated to experimental groups control and grit feeding. Each group included 80 birds divided by four replicates, each consisting of 20 birds, 10 m...

In this study, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of propolis and injection sites in ovo on hatchability, hatching weight and survival of newly-hatched chicks in two different lines of slow-growing broiler. In Experiment 1, 70 fertile eggs from Ross x Rhode Island Red breeder (30-week-old) were allocated to f...

Kasaplık hayvanlarda gebeliğin başarısı embriyonal ve fetal dönemde ananın besin madde alım düzeyi ile fetüsün(lerin) büyümesi ve gelişmesi arasındaki ilişkiye bağlıdır. Bu durum yavrunun hayatı boyunca verimliliğini belirlemede (postnatal vücut kompozisyonu, büyüme oranı, verimlilik parametreleri, et kalitesi vb.) oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Beside...

To investigate the effects of seed origin on the nutrient content and nutritive value of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), seeds of wild birdsfoot trefoil (WBT) communities were collected from plants spontaneously occurring in pasture, rangelands and silvopastoral areas located at four altitudes, two latitudes and eight longitudes ranges o...

One hundred-fifty fertile eggs from 30-week-old Ross x Rhode Island Red (RIR) breeders as a factorial arrangement of 3 injection site (amnion, yolk sac or albumin) and 2 levels of BCAA (Control and BCAA, 0.2%) were arranged into 6 groups with 3 replicates. The solutions used in ovo feeding were aseptically prepared to contain 0% (C) or 0.2% BCAA (m...

This study was conducted to determine the effect of posthatch feeding time and the efficacy, if any, of BCAA (3 L-Leucine: 1 L-Isoleucine: 2 L-Valine) supplementation in low- protein diet (with a 3% protein reduction) on the growth performance and physical characteristics of skeletal muscle of turkey poults at 21 days of age. Immediately after hatc...

Çiftlik hayvanlarının gereksinmelerinin belirlenmesinde tercihli yemlemenin (birden fazla yem arasında tercih) pratik bir araç olarak kullanılabileceği ifade edilmekte ve bu sistemin küçükbaş hayvanlarda değişik verim ve davranış özellikleri üzerine etkisinin olduğu bildirilmektedir. Tercihli yemleme (kafeterya tipi) çiftlik hayvanlarının rasyonlar...

1. This study was conducted to examine the effect of different levels of humic substances (HS) administered in drinking water on caecal microflora and mineral composition and colour characteristics of breast and thigh meats and the growth performance, carcass and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits of broiler chicks. 2. A total of 480 3-d-old broile...

Antimicrobial feed additives such as organic acids have made a great contribution to the profitability in the poultry and also provided people with healthy and nutritious poultry products. This study was performed with growing quails to evaluate the effect of malic acid (MA) on performance and some digestive tract traits of Japanese quails (JQ). Ma...

After weaning, 14 low birth weight (LBtW, 20.1 ± 0.92) and 14 high birth weight (HBtW, 21.1 ± 1.38 kg) Karayaka male lambs, 3 months of age, were used to compare feeding system with different dietary treatments throughout the day. While seven lambs in the each of these groups were fed ad-libitum with TMR, the other seven lambs were fed with free-ch...

Grazing-based livestock production depends on the quality and carrying capacity of pasture. Therefore in practise, determining the quality and capacity of pasture is important. Using the grazing stick, starting time of grazing, duration of grazing, carrying capacity, botanical composition, rotation lengths and the amount of available dry matter per...

Thirty-one Karayaka ram lambs were slaughtered at different body weights (30 (n=7), 35 (n=6), 40 (n=7), 45 (n=6), and 50 (n=5)kg of body weight at fast) to evaluate the growth of their gastrointestinal tract (GIT) characteristics, to determine the relationship among slaughter body weight (SBW) and empty body weight (EBW), whole GIT and segments, an...

This study was conducted to determine weights of body (BW), carcass (CW), gastrointestinal tract (GTW), meat quality and some blood metabolite responses to corn starch, saccharose or glucose administration in the drinking water during pre-slaughter feed withdrawal (FW) in broilers. On day 42 of age, 200 broilers (Ross 308) were allocated randomly t...

A study was conducted, first, to compare the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), reticulo-rumens and intestinal capacities (relative to body weight) of ram lambs from six Turkish sheep breeds: Turkish Merino (TM, Anatolia Merino), Akkaraman (AK), Kıvırcık (KV), Awassi (AW), Karayaka (KY) and Morkaraman (MK), and second, to examine the influence of sheep...

To determine effects of birth weight (BtW) and feeding system on fattening performance and behavioural responses of lambs, after birth 28 Karayaka male lambs were divided into two BtW groups, namely a low BtW (4.1±0.06 kg) and high BtW (5.0±0.09 kg). After weaning (90 days of age), seven lambs in each of these groups were fed individually ad libitu...

Bu calismada, yavas gelisen iki farkli etlik pilic hattinda yumurta ici (in ovo) propolis enjeksiyonunun ve enjeksiyon yerinin kulucka randimani, cikis agirligi ve yasama gucu uzerine etkilerini degerlendirmek amaci ile iki deneme yurutulmustur. Deneme 1’de Ross x (Ross x Rhode Island Red) melezi etlik pilic anaclarindan (30 haftalik yasta) elde ed...

The effects of humic substances (HS) on quality traits (colour, water-holding capacity, and pH) of breast and thigh meats and on blood minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and on metabolites (glucose, total protein, triglyceride and cholesterols) as well as on the performance, carcass, and gastrointestinal tract (gut) traits of broilers were studied....

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary green tea extract (GTE) on the performance, carcass and gastrointestinal tract (gut) traits, caecal coliform bacteria count, and pH and color (CIE , , and ) values of the breast muscle in broilers. A total number of 600 day-old broilers (Ross 308) was allocated to three treatments with f...

To evaluate color [lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*)], water-holding capacity (WHC), and pH values, and for proximate analysis of breast and thigh meats from slow-growing (Bronze; B), fast-growing (Hybrid; H), and medium-growing (crosses; H × B) turkey genotypes raised with or without outdoor access, 36 turkeys (2 females and 2 male...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) and seed extract inclusion on the performance, some carcass characteristics, total caecal coliform bacteria count. A total of 360 one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were allocated to three treatment groups with four replicates each of 30 chicks till 42 days of ag...

In order to verify the estrus activity of the Karayaka ewes reared under natural conditions of the Black Sea Region of Turkey throughout year, ten, 3 years-old Karayaka ewes with an average weight of 46±7.9 kg and with two lambing record, were used. In this experiment four climatic seasons were considered; winter, spring, summer and autumn. Behavio...

Ninety Isa Brown layers from 51 to 61 weeks of age were allocated to three treatment groups, namely H0, H1 and H2. Control (H0) hens were fed a commercial diet while H1 and H2 hens were fed a diet including 30 and 90 ppm dietary humic acid in liquid form, respectively. Hens were placed individually in cages in three tier batteries. Egg production (...

BACKGROUND: The effects of different methods of offering energy (ES) and protein (PS) sources on growth and egg production of layer pullets were assessed. From 9 to 22 weeks of age, 320 layer chickens (Isa Brown) were allocated to four treatments: 1, control (balanced diet); 2, E60:P40 (ES and PS in balanced diet sequentially during 60 and 40% of d...

1. This study was conducted to assess the impact of genotype and outdoor access (and gender when appropriate) on growth rate and carcass yield. 2. One slow-growing genotype (Bronze; B, n = 129), a commercial fast-growing genotype (Hybrid; H, n = 186) and a medium-growing genotype (crosses; H x B, n = 78) were housed (straight-run) for 21 weeks of a...

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of substituting different levels of hazelnut kernel oil meal (HKM) for soybean meal (SBM) in diets for broiler. A total of 450 one-day-old female Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated randomly to three treatment groups of 150 birds each in a randomized design. Each treatment group consisted of fiv...

The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of different doses of humic substances (HS) in waterer pan on broiler performances and meat quality. For the trial, 480 chicks (ROSS 308) were allocated into four groups (HS0, HS150, HS300 and HS450) of 120 equally mixed-sex birds, each receiving a drinking water supplemented with 0, 150, 300 and 45...

To evaluate the effect of malic acid (MA) on performance and some digestive tract (gut) traits of Japanese quails, 320 quails were divided into 4 treatment groups each with 4 replicates containing 20 birds. While one of groups was fed a mash form basal diet with no additives (0 MA), other groups were fed the diets with malic acid at 0.4 (0.4 MA), 0...

Effects of dietary humic substances on egg production and egg shell quality of hens after peak laying period. Ninety Isa Brown layers from 51 to 61 weeks of age were allocated to three treatment groups, namely H0, H1 and H2. Control (H0) hens were fed a commercial diet while H1 and H2 hens were fed a diet including 30 and 90 ppm dietary humic acid...

In this study, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was applied to estimate the relationship between three different sexual maturity traits (X set: days to first egg (DFE), weight of the first egg (WFE), body weight at first egg (BWFE)) and level of nutrient intake (Y set: energy (EI) and protein intake (PI)) or the egg production traits at two dif...

To investigate the changes in characteristics (CIE L*, a* and b*) of liver colour as well as growth, carcass and digestive tract of broilers as influenced by stage and schedule of feed restriction, 400 two-week-old broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 20 floor pens. Four replicate pens of 20 equally mixed sex birds per pen were randomly al...

To determine the effects of insemination season (IS; dry: May through October and rainy: November through April), lactation number (LN; heifers, primiparous or multiparous) and their interaction on non-return rate (NRR), conception rate (CR) to first-service and pregnancy loss (PL) of Jersey cattle in Turkey, over 1468 lactation records from 510 Je...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of time, particle size (PS) and level of calcium supplementation above the requirements toward the end of the laying period on egg production and eggshell quality. A total of 675 Isa-Brown layer hens were distributed in a completely randomized factorial arrangement of 3×3×3, using three sprinklin...

A study was conducted to determine the performance, carcase and gastrointestinal tract (gut) characteristics of broilers fed diets supplemented with dry peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) or thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaves, which are among the alternative growth promoters. In the study, 312 one-week-old broilers (Ross-308) were used. There were 3 di...

BACKGROUND: The effect of saccarose supplementation provided through drinking water during feed withdrawal on meat and liver colour was investigated in a total of 50 broilers (five floor pens with 10 broilers) at 43 days. Treatments consisted of: (1) full‐fed control broilers fed the standard broiler diet and water for the full 10 h (control); (2)...

The voluntary feed intake (VFI) regulation in pregnant and/or lactating ruminants enhances performance and improves animal health and welfare. The relationship between maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy and the growth of the fetus is extremely important for determining pregnancy success and the life-long health and productivity of an individ...

A total of 360 one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were allocated to three treatment groups with four replicates each of 30 chicks to evaluate the effects of the dietary hazelnut kernel oil (HKO) inclusion on the performance and the composition of fatty acid of meat in broilers. Treatments were diets with (1) soybean oil (SO), (2) HKO, or (3) HKO + SO...

The effect of short-term changes in level of protein supplementation during pre- and post-mating on non-return rate, lambing rate and litter size was investigated in ewes grazing on rangeland during early autumn. Groups of ewes were fed diets providing either 58g (low, L) or 113g (high, H) crude protein per day per ewe grazing on rangeland. Diets w...

In this study, the effects of granite-grit offered free-choice on voluntary intakes of grit and subsequently on some morphologic traits of the digestive tract and performance of broilers were investigated. A total of 240 7d-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allotted randomly to 10 floor pens supplied with wood shavings. The experiment lasted...

This study was carried out to determine the effects of free choice feeding of starter feed and whole cereals on the growth of turkey poults. Two hundred-seventy poults (7-d old) were divided into 3 treatment groups each with 3 replications containing 15 males and 15 females. Control poults (C) were fed only on starter feed (280 g CP and 11.7 MJ ME/...

Due to the high cost of soybean meal (SBM), the traditional source of protein in poultry diet, alternate protein sources have to be incorporated in diet to economize the feed cost. In Turkiye, hazelnut kernel oil meal (HKM) is considered an inferior protein supplement. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of substituting different lev...

A study was conducted to determine the effects of restricted feeding and feed form on the growth performance, characteristics of carcass and digestive tract, and days to first egg of Japanese quail (JQ, Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 240 oneweek- old JQ chicks were allocated randomly into 4 experimental groups that consisted of 3 replicate...

Twenty-one growing male Karayaka sheep were divided into three groups of seven at 12 months of age. All groups received a commercial feed (60%) and roughage (40%). One group received grass hay as roughage (control, C), the other two groups received a mixture in which 40 (0.40SBP) or 60% (0.60SBP) sugar beet pulp (SBP) was used in partial replacemen...

The study was carried out to determine the effect of crude protein (CP) levels in late pregnancy on the subsequent colostrum production and lamb survival rate. A total of 40 singleton-bearing Hampshire Down X Karayaka (F1) crossbred ewes were allocated to two treatment groups (n=20 for each group), namely a control (P) and high CP (1.4P) group. The...

Rumen degradability and degradation kinetics of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were evaluated with the in situ technique for fresh or dry lucerne and grass forages. The degradability of each feedstuff was studied with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement for two types (fresh and dry) and two forage species (lucerne and grass), and degradation kine...

This study focused on the effect of different BW in moulted brown laying hens (Isa-brown) on egg yield and quality during second production cycle. A total of 240 hens after the completion of first production cycle were classified into 4 BW groups; Light (L; 1529-1823 g), Mid-light (ML; 1824-1977 g), Mid-heavy (MH; 1990-2120 g) and Heavy (H; 2124-27...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of substituting different levels of hazelnut kernel oil meal (HKOM) for dehulled soyabean meal (DSBM) in diets for Japanese quail. Five diets in which HKOM was replaced with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of DSBM protein in a growing diet for a 5 week period using 450 Japanese quails of initial age of 1...

A total of 480 1-week-old male broiler chicks of a commercial breed (Ross 308) were allocated randomly to four treatment groups. Each treatment group consisted of three replicates each of 40 chicks. Chicks were fed with the standard compound feed (CP: 230g/kg and ME: 13.19MJ/kg as fed basis) during the first week. The treatments were (a) control; (...