Norris F. Krueger

• PhD, The Ohio State University
• Senior Researcher at Peerwith + Connecting Experts

MDPI - Education Sciences See details at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/education/special_issues/H50A7QEDLB

Purpose Focused feedback, such as mentoring and coaching, is a crucial ingredient for generating the intellectual capital needed for successful venture creation and has become a structural resource offered to entrepreneurs in business incubator/accelerator programs. Yet so far, literature has remained silent on the way that entrepreneurs differ in...

Purpose Intentions are central to entrepreneurial thinking and thus entrepreneurial action yet we have not explored the different pathways of how intent evolves. How does an easily assessed measure of cognitive style influence how entrepreneurs develop their intentions? Design/methodology/approach We examine how cognitive style interacts with entr...

Understanding the contextual embeddedness of individuals’ mindsets is imperative for our understanding of innovation and entrepreneurship. Diverging mindset conceptualizations have, however, resulted in the fuzziness of mindset research. With this taxonomy, we provide not only a theoretical analysis of differences and similarities across mindset co...

Expanding upon Mansfield's framework (In: R&D, patents, and productivity. University of Chicago Press, pp 127–154, 1984; Am Econ Rev 78(2):223–228, 1988), this study seeks to unravel the foundational drivers influencing product and process innovation. Addressing the prevailing bias in research towards product innovation, tis study aims at highlight...

Once assumed the sole province of musicians and artists, creativity classes abound in business schools as a critical component of entrepreneurship curricula. The exercises explained in this article, designed for a creativity or entrepreneurship class, but equally applicable for strategic management or even engineering classes, address the ubiquitou...

Purpose This study endeavors to decode the propensity for entrepreneurial action by addressing the perceptions of feasibility and desirability stemming from entrepreneurs' and non-entrepreneurs’ appraisal of holding marketing capabilities; complemented by the direct and indirect effects of market stakeholders' support, assessed as bridging or buffe...

Purpose Research shows that innovation is imperative for business competitiveness and that entrepreneurs are stimulators of innovation. This is particularly true for younger entrepreneurs, who are recognized as having technological savvy, high dependency on the web, low fear of change and high zeal for challenges. However, not all businesses headed...

The paper aims to identify the factors that affect entrepreneurs’ decision-making on the use of social media and ensure the effectiveness of this activity. We discuss the role of entrepreneurial personality in their ability to use social media in promoting business. The concept of the entrepreneur personality profile and the model of decision-makin...

Scaling value propositions as if stakeholders finally matter. Why is it that while COVID has imposed possibly the most VUCA: volatility (V), uncertainty (U), complexity (C) and ambiguity (A) in recent memory, many new and small firms are nonetheless scaling? What has COVID forced us to learn—or re-learn?Everywhere we turn, we hear about “Industry 4...

Abstract To the popular mind, for entrepreneurs, could there be a more relevant construct than grit? This much-ballyhooed personal characteristic of determined, intentional perseverance should be a potent predictor of entrepreneurial behaviour and success (e.g., Conner 2013). Why is it then that we see such mixed results of the impact of grit on e...

The present article investigates entrepreneurial sustainable innovations (ESIs) that work against the five elements (policy, finance, human capital, support and culture) of the entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) model (Isenberg, 2011). By conducting empirical research on 14 European countries, the study addresses how an EE can support entrepreneurs in...

Research suggests that understanding mindsets is as imperative to understand innovation as it is to understand what it means to be entrepreneurial. Yet, innovation and entrepreneurship scholars are not the first to integrate mindset-based perspectives into their research agendas and diverging conceptualizations across and within research fields has...

This research illustrates the relevance of individual digital capabilities for SMEs’ growth and innovation performance. Going beyond Penrosian growth theory, taking a microfoundational perspective demonstrates that these capabilities are crucial for attaining business growth and innovation. From a sample of 2,156,360 European SMEs, our findings hig...

In this editorial, we focus on family business in the Arab world to exemplify the benefits of better contextualizing family business research to further our understanding of heterogeneities among family businesses from diverse regions. To produce more useful knowledge, we propose that family business research has to shift from classical contextual...

There has been a recent burst of interest in entrepreneurial role identity in various forms (triggered in large part of Fauchart & Gruber’s landmark study in 2011). This essay addresses the evolution of entrepreneurial role identity, its possible pitfalls, and its growing potential. The authors also offer research suggestions centered on a most imp...

I invite the researchers to contribute in the book project 'Platform Business Models and Strategies: Co-creation of Business Value in Sharing Economy'. The publisher of this book is Springer (Contract can be seen in the end of the attached call) and it is expected that the book will be published on November 2020. We expect contributions from fi...

This book focuses on how to promote innovation and an entrepreneurial mindset within organizations in the context of structural changes. It highlights the importance of internal marketing of innovation and ideas among employees, of creating collaborative spaces, and of company leaders promoting collaboration. The key aspect in all contributions gat...

We talk a good game about engaging diverse stakeholders in growing entrepreneurial ecosystems but too often we do not. Too often we do not hear what they are saying; too often we do not even really ask. Richard Feynman famously argued that great research arose from great research questions. Then why not broaden our sight and invite those with great...

A chance encounter at an ICSB led to a journal article has already topped 2700 citations and its basic notion has even greater influence: “Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs”. It may seem obvious now that key drivers of entrepreneurial thinking and behavior appear in both organizations and communities but in 1994 the field still...

This is an introduction chapter that explains the scope and aims of this book. This chapter describes the role of entrepreneurial mindset for organizations, human capital, strategic leadership, internal marketing, innovation and intrapreneurship. It happens that sometimes changes in environment may require reorganization of the whole company. In or...

Session Type: PDW Workshop Program Session: 186 | Submission: 15574 | Sponsor(s): (ENT, PTC) Scheduled: Friday, Aug 9 2019 2:15PM - 4:15PM at Boston Marriott Copley Place in Grand Ballroom Salon IJK Getting Down to the Bottom-Up: Researching Ecosystems as if Entrepreneurs Mattered Studying Ecosystems as if Entrepreneurs Mattered https://my.aom.or...

Entrepreneurial intentions are among the most researched phenomena in the field of entrepreneurship, but its real value is in the new doors it is opening. The increase in entrepreneurial intentions research during the 1980s and 1990s coincides with the introduction of contributions from the field of psychology: social psychology, cognitive psycholo...

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, family businesses operate successfully as the backbone of the countries’ economies. We also know that even successful firms differ widely in use of best management practice. Smaller, newer firms in less developed countries should benefit from exposure to best practice. To this end we offer provide and present the advantag...

Conceiving, designing and analysing ecosystems, with a view to increasing citizens’ quality of life, means deepening knowledge about social network analysis and promoting the eclectic intersection of various branches of knowledge, namely, economics, management, psychology, sociology, mathematics, engineering and information systems, history, anthro...

Using a teaching model framework, we systematically review empirical evidence on the impact of entrepreneurship education (EE) in higher education on a range of learning outcomes, analysing 159 published articles from 2004-2016. The teaching model framework allows us for the first time to start rigorously examining relationships between pedagogical...

Short of studying actual new venture launches, what could possibly be more potent than understanding the preconditions that enable entrepreneurial activity? Early research focused unsurprisingly on behavior (the “what?” and the “how?” even somewhat the “where?” and the “when?”) and since entrepreneurs were obviously special people, on the entrepren...

Reflecting on this chapter written in 2009, it is gratifying that research published on entrepreneurial intentions has exploded. It is nearly impossible to pick up an issue of an entrepreneurship journal and not find a study that involves entrepreneurial intentions.

The growing interest in the 'entrepreneurial mindset' has not been matched by efforts to rigorously conceptualise and measure it. One theoretically and empirically promising approach is to look at entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Does there exist an individual-level 'entrepreneurial orientation' analogous to well-validated organisation-level EO? E...

Purpose The emerging perspectives of entrepreneurial ecosystems, bricolage and effectuation highlight the interaction between the entrepreneur and the surrounding community, and its potential for creative resource acquisition and utilization. However, empirical work on how this process actually unfolds remains scarce. This paper aims to study the i...

Purpose The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion about the complexity and heterogeneity of entrepreneurship education. In order to achieve this objective, this paper combines educational psychology with perspectives from entrepreneurship education research to make explicit educators tacit assumptions in order to understand how these...

Resulting from the technological revolution from the last decades, we observed many software startup ecosystems emerging around the globe. Having tech entrepreneurs as their main agents, some ecosystems exist for more than 50 years, while others are newly born. This difference in terms of evolution and maturity makes the task of comparing different...

Last year, we asked: Why is that presentations on “neuro-entrepreneurship” are so well-attended (and applauded) yet little traction has really occurred? Similarly, we asked why it was that in entrepreneurship we hear a regular drumbeat calling for nurturing the entrepreneurial mindset yet we see little progress in rigorously defining that. Nor do w...

Pioneering studies have suggested that entrepreneurial mobility may significantly advance the entrepreneurship literature by unpacking the contextual factors and delineating boundary conditions of existing theoretical frameworks (Zahra and Wright, 2011). Furthermore, entrepreneur himself/herself may play a central role in the development of innovat...

As educators and policy-makers, we all want to believe that what we do will make a difference. Bold, if plausible, claims are increasingly made that entrepreneurship education has an impact, not just on an informed intent to be an entrepreneurs but also as a life skill. We would like to think that is true. It is further claimed that the key to thos...

Why is that presentations on “neuro-entrepreneurship” are so well-attended (and applauded) yet little traction has really occurred? Similarly, in entrepreneurship we hear a regular drumbeat calling for nurturing the entrepreneurial mindset yet we see little progress in rigorously defining that. Nor do we see much progress is applying what we do kno...

There is a revolution sweeping the world of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education is very much at its center. Key to this revolution is the deepening understanding that entrepreneurial education is less about entrepreneurship teaching than it is about entrepreneurial learning. This is just as critical for entrepreneurship in creative indu...

Applying lessons from neuroscience to entrepreneurial learning.

Introduction to the Special Issue.

This symposium focuses on measuring rigorously the impact of entrepreneurial education in ways that we have rarely seen in single papers, let alone bringing together some of the best programs in the world. These speakers are all from deeply experiential programs and almost all from programs whose experiential activities center intensively around te...

Introduction to the Special Issue in Entrepreneurship and Regional Development

A Review of entrepreneurship education and university start-up support in Leipzig-Halle

Extending from Ajzen’s (1991) theory of planned behaviour, this paper develops a more integrated entrepreneurial intention model. This incorporates the role of culture, along with motivations, skills and knowledge of the entrepreneurial environment. The cross-cultural applicability of the model is tested across two different countries, Great Britai...

This is the pre-publication version of the manuscript. However, since the journal is open access, the final full text version is already uploaded. Please do download the final formatted version of the contribution instead.

Abstract This article documents the results of a research workshop bringing together six perspectives on social entrepreneurship. The idea was to challenge existing concepts of the economy, the firm, and entrepreneurship in order to shed new light on social entrepreneurship and on our existing theoretical frameworks. The first two contributions use...

Purpose – If there is one thing that truly characterizes entrepreneurship and especially social entrepreneurship, it is the “engaged scholarship” at their very heart. That is, teaching, outreach/service and research are connected, often tightly. The purpose of this paper therefore is to discuss the evolution of social entrepreneurship and the lesso...

Several recent studies demonstrate that Indian American immigrant entrepreneurs play an increasingly important role in the economic growth in the United States. In part due to the compelling evidence of entrepreneurial success amongst immigrants, there is a renewed interest among policy makers in the StartUp Visa Act proposal which aims to drive jo...

Is there a term we use as much as “entrepreneurial ecosystem” without defining it, let alone measuring it? (Besides “entrepreneurial mindset”, of course.) However, just as it is absolutely critical to nurture a more entrepreneurial mindset, communities really need to nurture a more entrepreneurial local economy. That means an entrepreneurial ecosys...

Time for an update on Erik Pages' great 2002 white paper to translate the current state of the art about how to grow a more entrepreneurial economy into a simple guide for civic officials, not just candidates.

We empirically investigated the effect of intensive mentoring and feedback on co-evolution of cognitive development of entrepreneurs and their venture. A diverse sample of forty entrepreneurs was followed over twelve months in a business incubator in the Netherlands, and extremely detailed qualitative data from the entrepreneurs' weekly logbooks we...

Dating back to the Middle Ages, universities and cities have co-existed awkwardly. Cities want to perceive universities as a resource; universities perceive their host cities as a support system for them. Yet this article suggests that the potential to be realised from genuine collaboration is enormous. Three potentially huge payoffs for both 'town...

If we are to better understand what it means to think “sustainably,” the entrepreneurship literature suggests that entrepreneurial cognition offers us two powerful tools. Human cognition operates with two nearly parallel systems for information processing, intentional and automatic. Entrepreneurial cognition has long focused on how entrepreneurial...

Cognition research in entrepreneurship is currently very much en vogue – and studies have proliferated at a remarkable rate (Gregoire et al., 2009). A quick search of Google Scholar shows a surge in studies involving entrepreneurial intentions (and also entrepreneurial self-efficacy). Yet we also see a surge of studies on both topics where the auth...

Short of studying actual new venture launches, what could possibly be more potent than understanding the preconditions that enable entrepreneurial activity? Early research focused unsurprisingly on behavior (the “what?” and the “how?” even somewhat the “where?” and the “when?”) and since entrepreneurs were obviously special people, on the entrepren...

Entrepreneurship as a field continues to exhibit a breadth that is remarkable in its inclusiveness, even to a fault. Social entrepreneurship appears to be even more inclusive. As scholars, we argue this is a two-edged sword. The field may lack the focus of more established fields, yet the diversity of perspectives is also a golden opportunity to ga...

60 university spinouts in 3 years. 94% still alive. Lowest cost per spinout in the US. The 'book' on successful technology transfer is to find multiple ways to substitute bottom-up entrepreneurial approaches for top-down bureaucratic mechanisms. However, few programs successfully manage the transition to entrepreneurial mode. How did they succeed w...

Researchers have vigorously pursued study of entrepreneurial intentions. Such study has proven useful, both conceptually and practically. Formal models of behavioral intentions offer sound theory and empirical robustness plus well-defined critical antecedents. Intentions still remain the best single predictor of human behavior. However, researchers...

We have learned that understanding perceptions plays a critical role in understanding entrepreneurial activity (Shaver & Scott, 1991). There is another perception that we have yet to address in great depth: The entrepreneur's perception that "I am an entrepreneur." In many career fields, individuals may have a limited, even distorted mental model o...

Researchers have vigorously pursued study of entrepreneurial intentions in the contexts of both commercial and social entrepreneurship (Krueger 1998, 2005; Mair & Marti 2006). Formal models of behavioral intentions offer sound theory and empirical robustness plus well-defined critical antecedents and intentions still remain the best single predicto...

Understanding entrepreneurial behavior requires that we focus at the deepest, most fundamental levels. The early days of entrepreneurship often emphasized personality research. That led us to studying attitudes, rather than traits (Shaver & Scott, 1991). The next step in the field's evolution was to explore individual differences through the lenses...

We offer a critical analysis of the triple helix model as a preferred basis for innovation systems. From a review of the research on innovation systems, it is argued that most models fail to include the entrepreneur and the innovator, as those models are macro-level concepts. It is suggested that this exclusion is a reason for low levels of entrepr...

If we are to understand how entrepreneurial intentions evolve, we must embrace theories reflecting the inherent dynamics of human decision making. While the dominant model of entrepreneurial intentions remains invaluable, capturing the dynamics is necessary to advance our understanding of how intent becomes action. To this end, we offer Bagozzi’s T...

What effect does positive and negative feedback about past risk taking have on the future risk taking of decision makers? The results of an experimental study show that subjects who are led to believe they are very competent at decision making see more opportunities in a risky choice and take more risks. Those who are led to believe they are not ve...

If we are to understand how entrepreneurial intentions evolve, we must embrace theories reflecting the inherent dynamics of human decision making. While the dominant model of entrepreneurial intentions remains invaluable, capturing the dynamics is necessary to advance our understanding of how intent becomes action. To this end, we offer Bagozzi's T...

If we are to understand how entrepreneurial intentions evolve, we must embrace theories reflecting the inherent dynamics of human decision making. While the dominant model of entrepreneurial intentions remains invaluable, capturing the dynamics is necessary to advance our understanding of how intent becomes action. To this end, we offer Bagozzi's T...

Cognitive developmental psychology and constructivism offer possibilities for the future of entrepreneurial cognition research to explore: (1) deeply seated beliefs and belief structures that ultimately anchor entrepreneurial thinking and (2) how they change as entrepreneurs move toward a more professional, expert mind-set. Such insights aid the fi...

This paper uses insights from cognitive developmental psychology, constructivism and social neuroscience to move beyond entrepreneurial intentions to explore deeply-held beliefs associated with entrepreneurial thinking. From those insights, we propose identifying those developmental experiences (lessons) that are the sources of those critical deep...

This paper arose from a study exploring the contribution of various forms of capital to the development of the entrepreneurial firm. It centres on the influence of human capital which constitutes the foundation of knowledge-based societies and bears on how entrepreneurs organize and manage new technology and knowledge-based ventures. It extends exi...

Before we can act on opportunities we must first identify those opportunities. Understanding what promotes or inhibits entrepreneurial activity thus requires understanding how we construct perceived opportunities. Seeing a prospective course of action as a credible opportunity reflects an intentions–driven process driven by known critical anteceden...

More detailed knowledge of the differences and similarities between social entrepreneurs and "traditional" entrepreneurs is critical to the advancement of the field of social entrepreneurship. We use Discrete Choice Modeling (DCM) approach to map the mental prototypes of "opportunity", and to examine beliefs about social ventures and the intentions...

Intentions are central to entrepreneurial thinking and thus entrepreneurial action. We understand the critical antecedents of intentions, yet have not explored the pathways by which entrepreneurs arrive at this intent. In specific, how does a relatively stable measure of cognitive style influence nascent entrepreneurs' development of their intentio...

Does there exist a personal (individual-level) 'entrepreneurial orientation' analogous to Covin and Slevin's (organization-level) entrepreneurial orientation? If the entrepreneurial organization tends to reflect strong organizational biases toward being innovative, independent/autonomous, proactive, risk-accepting, and aggressively competitive, it...

ABSTRACT This paper reports on a,series of entrepreneurial intentionality studies using,the research design developed by Krueger et al (2000) and further elaborated by Kickul and Krueger, (2004). Three illustrative examples show differences in context, social norms, and cognitive styles. The paper discusses the implications of differences ,between...

The two giants of modern economic thought, Joseph Schumpeter and John Maynard Keynes, were born the same year, yet took dramatically different directions. While Schumpeter is usually thought of as the champion of entrepreneurship and bottom-up economic development, Keynes is known for championing a top-down macro approach toward economic developmen...