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148
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Introduction
Additional affiliations
August 2004 - present
September 2000 - January 2005
September 1998 - August 2000
Publications
Publications (148)
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of telephone-based delivery of weekday-only time-restricted eating (TRE), its preliminary efficacy for metabolic outcomes, and concurrent lifestyle changes.
Methods:
Twenty-two breast cancer survivors aged 60+ years with overweight/obesity completed an 8-week feasibility study of 12 to 8...
Fear of hypoglycemia is a major exercise barrier for people with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D). Consequently, although guidelines recommend starting exercise with blood glucose (BG) concentration at 7–10 mmol/L, PWT1D often start higher, potentially affecting hydration and serum electrolyte concentrations. To test this, we examined serum and urine electr...
Introduction
Exercise-induced hyperglycemia is recognized in type 1 diabetes (T1D) clinical guidelines, but its association with high intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) in acute studies is inconsistent. This meta-analysis examined the available evidence of blood glucose responses to HIIE in adults with T1D. The secondary aim was to examine pred...
Background:
Understanding the motivational effects of supervised aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may help men with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance initiate and maintain exercise behavior, however, few studies have addressed this question. This report explored exercise motivation in men with prostate cancer undergoing...
Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset before 40 years of age has a magnified lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease. Diastolic dysfunction is its earliest cardiac manifestation. Low energy diets incorporating meal replacement products can induce diabetes remission, but do not lead to improved diastolic function, unlike supervised exer...
Purpose
Dietary intake can affect energy homeostasis and influence body weight control. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of high-protein total diet replacement (HP-TDR) versus a control (CON) diet in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis in healthy, normal-weight adults.
Methods
In this acute randomized controlled, cr...
ADA guidelines recommend that people with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) start exercise with blood glucose (BG) levels of 7-mmol/L. Those fearing hypoglycemia often start higher, which may affect kidney function and electrolyte balance. We examined serum and urine electrolyte concentration during aerobic exercise (cycling 45 min at 60%VO2peak) in PWT1D (1...
Background: High intensity exercise-induced hyperglycemia is recognized in T1D clinical guidelines, but its occurrence after high intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) in acute studies is inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the available evidence of BG responses to HIIE in adults with T1D. The secondary aim was to assess the role of...
TPS600
Background: Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounts for about 75% of newly diagnosed bladder cancers. The treatment for NMIBC initially involves transurethral resection of the bladder tumor followed by six weeks of induction intravesical therapy. NMIBC has a high rate of recurrence (31-78%) and progression (15%). Moreover, bladde...
Purpose:
We examined the effects of exercise on prostate cancer-specific anxiety, fear of cancer progression, quality of life and psychosocial outcomes in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance.
Materials and methods:
The ERASE (Exercise during Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer) Trial randomized 52 patients with prostate canc...
Exercise and physical activity are important tools in the management of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes due, in part, to their ability to decrease risk factors associated with diabetes-related complications and improve overall health. Like any other treatment, however, a great deal of interindividual and intraindividual variation exists in response...
Introduction:
We investigated the associations of pre-surgical body mass index (BMI) with bladder cancer outcomes in patients treated with radical cystectomy.
Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed data from 488 bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy between 1994 and 2007 and followed up until 2016. Cox regression with step functi...
Purpose
We previously demonstrated that exercise during and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) for rectal cancer may improve the rate of pathologic complete/near complete response. Here, we report the effects of exercise on symptom management and quality of life (QoL).
Methods
Rectal cancer patients (N = 36) were randomized to a supervised h...
Introduction
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounts for about 75% of newly diagnosed bladder cancers. The treatment for NMIBC involves surgical removal of the tumour followed by 6 weekly instillations of immunotherapy or chemotherapy directly into the bladder (ie, intravesical therapy). NMIBC has a high rate of recurrence (31%–78%) and...
Importance
Men with prostate cancer who are undergoing active surveillance are at an increased risk of cardiovascular death and disease progression. Exercise has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, physical functioning, body composition, fatigue, and quality of life during and after treatment; however, to date only 1 exercise study has...
Normal blood [glucose] regulation is critical to support metabolism, particularly in contexts of metabolic stressors (e.g., exercise, high altitude hypoxia). Data regarding blood [glucose] regulation in hypoxia are inconclusive. We aimed to characterize blood [glucose] over 80 min following glucose ingestion during both normoxia and acute normobari...
5080
Background: Men with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing active surveillance (AS) are at increased risks of cardiovascular death and disease progression. Any intervention that can address these issues during AS would be highly beneficial. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the benefits of exercise to improve cardiovascular health...
BACKGROUND
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) improves outcomes for rectal cancer patients, however, there are dose-limiting toxicities and only a 15-27% pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. Exercise may help manage toxicities and improve treatment response in this clinical setting but feasibility and early efficacy have not been established. E...
The aim of this study was to compare the impact of a high-protein meal replacement (HP-MR) versus a control (CON) breakfast on exercise metabolism. In this acute, randomized controlled, cross-over study, participants were allocated into two isocaloric arms: (a) HP-MR: 30% carbohydrate, 43% protein, and 27% fat; (b) CON: 55% carbohydrate, 15% protei...
Background
High-protein diets and total diet replacements are becoming increasingly popular for weight loss; however, further research is needed to elucidate their impact on the mechanisms involved in weight regulation.
Objective
The aim of this inpatient metabolic balance study was to compare the impact of a high-protein total diet replacement (H...
Obesity is a prevalent, complex, progressive and relapsing
chronic disease, characterized by abnormal or excessive body
fat (adiposity), that impairs health.
People living with obesity face substantial bias and stigma,
which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality
independent of weight or body mass index.
This guideline update reflects su...
KEY POINTS
• Obesity is a prevalent, complex, progressive and relapsing
chronic disease, characterized by abnormal or excessive body
fat (adiposity), that impairs health.
• People living with obesity face substantial bias and stigma,
which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality
independent of weight or body mass index.
• This guideline upd...
Introduction:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with vascular dysfunction. Sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA) is an important regulator of vascular function, and is influenced by glucose and insulin. The association between GDM and SNA (re)activity is unknown. We hypothesize that women with GDM would have increased SNA durin...
Problem statement:High intensity functional training is a popular training modality where individuals complete as many repetitions as possible in sequence to solicit maximal fatigue in a workout. Despite the popularity of these programs it is unclear whether this approach improves fitness more than a traditional resistance training program.Purpose:...
Objective: To examine the acute and chronic effects of structured exercise on glucose outcomes assessed by continuous glucose monitors in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: PubMed, Medline, EMBASE were searched up to January 2020 to identify studies prescribing structured exercise interventions with continuous glucose monitoring outcomes in adul...
Background
It is well known that exercise can improve glycemic profiles in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the optimal timing of exercise is often debated.
Objective
To compare the effects of exercise performed at different times of the day and different timing in relation to meals on 24-hour glucose profiles in people with T2D....
Background
A chronic, low-grade inflammation is commonly present in older adults and has been associated with the onset of age-related chronic diseases. Resistance training (RT) and creatine (CR) supplementation emerged as promising strategies to reduce circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CR supple...
Introduction:
The Diabetes Aerobic and Resistance Exercise (DARE) trial found that aerobic training and resistance training alone each reduced HbA1c compared to non-exercising controls, and combined aerobic and resistance training caused greater HbA1c reduction than either training type alone. Our objective was to determine whether a dose-response...
Background:
High-protein diets and total diet replacements are becoming increasingly popular for weight regulation; however, further research is needed to elucidate their impact on the physiology of body weight regulation. The aim of this inpatient metabolic balance study is to compare the impact of a high-protein total diet replacement versus a c...
Moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training (MICT; 150 min/week) is known for its acute glucose-lowering effect in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. In its most recent guidelines, Diabetes Canada also suggested high-intensity-interval training (HIIT). However, results from studies on the acute effect of HIIT on capillary blood glucose (capBG) leve...
Introduction
Active surveillance (AS) is the preferred primary treatment strategy for men with low-risk clinically localised prostate cancer (PCa); however, the majority of these men still receive radical treatment within 10 years due to disease progression and/or fear of cancer progression. Interventions designed to suppress tumour growth, mitigat...
Background:
Bed rest is prescribed by most maternity health care professionals for high-risk pregnancy complications, but the impact of bed rest at home and in hospital has not been explored. Our aim was to quantify the influence of bed rest on maternal/fetal health outcomes in developed and developing regions.
Methods:
We conducted a systematic...
Objective: To examine the short and long-term effects of exercise on glucose outcomes as assessed by continuous glucose monitors (CGM) in type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods: A search of databases was performed up to May 2018. Eligible studies had participants complete standardized exercise interventions using CGM. In all short-term studies (<2 weeks, o...
Aim
To examine the effect of walking before dinner on 24-h glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes using the standardized multi-site Exercise-Physical Activity and Diabetes Glucose Monitoring (E-PAraDiGM) Protocol.
Methods
Eighty participants were studied under two conditions (exercise vs. non-exercise control) separated by 72 h in a...
Aims:
Metformin and lifestyle intervention are frequently prescribed together as first-line treatments for type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about their interplay. We investigated if the effects of a lifestyle intervention on glycemia, body mass and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were influenced by metformin therapy.
Methods:
Participan...
Context
Islet transplantation is effective in preventing hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, it is currently unknown whether transplanted islets regulate plasma glucose concentrations appropriately during and after exercise in human islet transplant recipients (ITx).
Objective
To determine the effect of exercise on pla...
Background
Bed rest is prescribed by many obstetric care providers for high-risk pregnancy complications. There is strong evidence that prolonged bed rest negatively impacts maternal health, but is justified in order to try and improve fetal health outcomes.
Objective
To quantify the influence of maternal bed rest on fetal health outcomes in devel...
Acute increases in blood glucose are associated with heightened muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Animal studies have implicated a role for peripheral chemoreceptors in this response, but this has not been examined in humans. Heart rate, cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), total peripheral conductance (TPC), and blood glucose...
Background: Arthritis is highly prevalent among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and presents a barrier to participating in regular land-based physical activity. Aim: To examine the effects of a 12-week community-based aquatic exercise program for overweight older adults (≥55 years of age) with T2DM and lower body arthritis. Method...
In this article, we report the results of a study that was part of a five-study concept development project. Our goal was to learn about the nature of illness by exploring variations in the manifestations of fatigue, a symptom that is prevalent in both ill (cancer, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome) and selected nonill (recreational marathon run...
Background:
The combined effects of sprint interval training (SIT) and exercising in the fasted state are unknown. We compared the effects of SIT with exogenous carbohydrate supplementation (SITCHO) and SIT following overnight fast (SITFast) on aerobic capacity (peak oxygen consumption: V̇ O2peak) and high-intensity aerobic endurance (time-to-exha...
Objective:
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is one of the long-term complications of diabetes. Few studies have investigated the role of regular exercise on diabetic PN. We examined the effect of aerobic training on nerve conduction velocity and action potential amplitude in the lower limbs of men with type 2 diabetes and PN.
Methods:
In a randomized...
Background:
Standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer includes 5-6 weeks of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) followed by total mesorectal excision 6-8 weeks later. NACRT improves local disease control and surgical outcomes but also causes side effects including fatigue, diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome, and physical deconditioning tha...
RATIONALE: Active surveillance (AS) is the preferred primary treatment strategy for men with low risk clinically localized prostate cancer, however, approximately 50% of men require radical treatment within 10 years. Interventions designed to suppress tumour growth, mitigate fear of cancer progression, and precondition men for impending radical tre...
Background
The glycemic and insulinemic responses following 30–60 min of exercise have been extensively studied, and a dose–response has been proposed between exercise duration, or volume, and improvements in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. However, few studies have examined the effects of longer bouts of exercise in type 2 diabetes (T2D)...
Aims:
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of aquatic exercise (AquaEx) on indicators of glycemic control (i.e., glycated hemoglobin [A1c] and fasting plasma glucose) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It was hypothesized that AquaEx would improve glycemic control to a similar extent as la...
This pilot study explored predictors of adherence to exercise during and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) in rectal cancer patients. Eighteen rectal cancer patients were prescribed three supervised aerobic exercise sessions/week during NACRT followed by ≥150 min/week of unsupervised aerobic exercise after NACRT. Although not statisticall...
Purpose:
Understanding the correlates of children's fitness as they develop is needed. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine the longitudinal associations between physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and fitness, (2) determine if sex moderates associations, and (3) track PA and ST over three years.
Methods:
Findings are based on...
Objective:
To examine the influence of exercise on depressive symptoms and the prevalence of depression in the postpartum period.
Data sources:
A structured search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Sport Discus, Ovid's All EBM Reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases was performed with dates from the beginning of the databases until June 16, 2016. Th...
Objective:
To examine the interplay between high fat and low muscle mass on cardiometabolic risk factors at baseline and in response to exercise in type 2 diabetes.
Methods:
Using baseline percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass index, 248 participants were divided into high fat versus low fat and low muscle versus high muscle. Linear mixed mo...
The objectives of this study were to describe fitness levels, examine associations between physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and fitness, and examine sex moderating effects in a sample of children. Participants were 649 children (7.8±0.6years; 52.4% female) from Edmonton, Canada. Hours/week of PA and ST were parent-reported. PA was also obj...
Background: Though parents’ physical activity (PA) is thought to be a predictor of children’s PA, findings have been mixed. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pedometer-measured steps/day of parents’ and their children and potential moderators of this relationship. We also assessed the parent–child PA relationship as...
Islet transplantation (ITx) is effective in preventing severe hypoglycemia by restoring glucose-dependent insulin secretion in type 1 diabetes (T1D), but may not normalize glucose regulation. Studies suggest that physical activity plays a role in maintaining β-cell mass and function in individuals with type 2 diabetes and animal models of diabetes....
Purpose:
Aerobic exercise is safe and feasible for rectal cancer patients during and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT), but their motivation to perform such exercise is unknown. Here, we explore the motivational outcomes, perceived benefits and harms, and perceived barriers to exercise during and after NACRT.
Methods:
Rectal cancer pat...
Aims
To conduct a meta-analysis of head-to-head trials comparing aerobic exercise training of different intensities on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Methods
Databases, including MEDLINE and EMBASE, were searched up to January 2016.
Randomized trials of at least 12 weeks in duration that compared two exercise interventions of different intens...
Purpose/objectives:
To assess the feasibility and safety of an aerobic exercise intervention in patients with rectal cancer during and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT).
.
Design:
A prospective, single-group design with assessments at pre-NACRT, post-NACRT, and presurgery.
.
Setting:
The Cross Cancer Institute and University of Alb...
In Reply We thank Poulton for the thoughtful letter that stated that the greater increase in height observed in studies from our meta-analysis1 with the highest cumulative metformin dose was owing to “a combination of inaccurate and abnormally slow growth rates in the control individuals.”We agree that artifacts could arise from a higher attrition...