Norlaili Mat Safri

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia | UTM · Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering

In order to analyze the correct functional connectivity, the artifacts within the electroencephalography (EEG) signals need to be removed, such as the ocular and muscular artifacts. In this work, the single-channel artifacts cancellation (AC) algorithm is improved to remove the muscular artifacts automatically using a hybrid method. This method is...

Cognitive processes have been widely studied using non-invasive electrical recording from the scalp called electroencephalograms (EEGs). This paper attempts to review cognitive process studies using EEG techniques according to the Layered Reference Model of the Brain (LRMB). Based on the LRMB, there are six layers of cognitive processes: Layer 1 (S...

Quality sleep is essential to maintain normal levels of cognitive skills. During sleep, electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to study brain activity to detect disorders. However, the effect of Sunnah bedtime routines on the brain cognitive performance is rarely studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the effect of Sunnah bedtime routi...

With the rising implementation of Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS), active studies had been done relative to power monitoring alternatives. Load monitoring is an essential block of HEMS; therefore, the improvement of simplicity and convenience in load monitoring is crucial for the HEMS market expansion. This paper proposes the use of Artificia...

In the field of human–computer interaction, the detection, extraction and classification of the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral and spatial features are crucial towards developing a practical and robust non-invasive EEG-based brain-computer interface. Recently, due to the popularity of end-to-end deep learning, the applicability of algorithms s...

This presentation is an abridged report based on a research project (2018-2020) entitled "A study on undergraduates' performances of game-based problem solving task by using brain functional connectivity". Follow this link for its summary in a poster presentation: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354236430_Examining_Brain_Functional_Connect...

Within the Malaysian context, there has been a prolonged issue of mismatch between the qualities of graduates produced by the Malaysian universities and the demands for 21st century knowledge and skills from the industries affected by the technological disruptions of 4IR. Shift 1 of MEB HE (2015-2025) places an emphasis of leveraging technology-ena...

This paper introduces the use of the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) for end-to-end EEG decoding with application towards a BCI system with a shared control scheme. In general, subjects wearing a single-channel EEG electrode located at F 8 (10-20 international standards) were required to perform mental tasks by mentally visual...

In field-programmable gated array (FPGA) design platform, the device is invented into smaller scale instrument, such as a system-on-a-chip that is used for a specific application design. Not only that, the feasibility study of the natural frequency (ω) obtained from a second-order dynamic system (SODS) applied to an ECG signal was discovered recent...

span>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death worldwide and the type varies depending on symptom and causes. There are several procedures to determine the type of CVD such as blood test, holter monitoring, cardiac stress test and many more. Cardiac stress test is a procedure to exert pressure on the heart by doing physical activities...

span lang="EN-MY">Electromyography (EMG) is the measure of electrical activity produced by skeletal muscle. It is useful in prosthetic and rehabilitation technology as well as ability to handle electronic devices and robotics. If the EMG signal from the body especially hand movement can be apprehended, better value for people all around the world c...

Problem solving is regarded as one of the core work-related abilities and skills, which are highly demanded by the workplace and industry. Current literature suggests that problem solving abilities might differ from one individual to another due to biological factors such as brain activationa, cognitive functions and hormones, as well as due to soc...

Over the recent years, there has been a huge interest towards Electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain computer interface (BCI) system. BCI system enables the extraction of meaningful information directly from the human brain via suitable signal processing and machine learning method and thus, many researches have applied this technology towards reha...

Problem solving is regarded as one of the important skills required at the workplace and especially demanded by the industry. However, an individual’s problem solving skills might differ from one another due to several factors, such as their genetic background and experiences. Hence, this preliminary study used electroencephalography (EEG) signal t...

Game-based learning is one of the technology- enabled learning and teaching approach that promotes personalised learning. In relation to the cognitive aspect of learning, recent literature suggests that gaming and game trainings improved cognitive abilities, brain function and brain structure as well as promoting brain plasticity. This paper presen...

Over the recent years, there has been a huge interest towards Electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain computer interface (BCI) system. BCI system enables the extraction of meaningful information directly from the human brain via suitable signal processing and machine learning method and thus, many researches have applied this technology towards reha...

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) can cause the formation of blood clots in the heart. The clots may move to the brain and cause a stroke. Therefore, this study analyzed the ECG features of AF and normal sinus rhythm signals for AF recognition which were extracted by using a second-order dynamic system (SODS) concept. Objective To find the appro...

ECG signals show the heart's condition for each individual. ECG signal's characteristic can be extracted by using several methods such as P-wave conditions, RR-interval, fast-Fourier transform, wavelet transform, and etc. This study shows the relationship between features extraction of ECG signals by using second-order dynamic system (SODS) techniq...

Background: The feasibility study of the natural frequency (ω) obtained from a second-order dynamic system applied to an ECG signal was discovered recently. The heart rate for different ECG signals generates different ω values. The heart rate variability (HRV) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) have an association to represent cardiovascular variat...

Over recent years, there has been an explosive growth of interest in Electroencephalogram (EEG) based-Brain Computer Interface (BCI). Technically any architecture of a BCI is designed to have the ability of extracting out a set of features from brain signal. This paper demonstrated the extraction process based on Probability Density Function (PDF)....

Accurately differentiating between ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes is crucial in preventing potentially fatal missed interpretations that could lead to needless shock to the patients, resulting in damaging the heart. Apart from accurately classifying between VT and VF, the predetermination of the onset of the...

This paper aims to investigate the functional connectivity in brain among young children during employment of preferred and non-preferred rule when drawing basic drawing task using Partial Directed Coherence (PDC) and to determine the most significant parameter in differentiating the two groups using handwriting dynamic features and brain activity...

Cortical network between brain regions is one of the topics that being investigated by brain researchers. Methods that are used to investigate brain developments of cognitive function include Partial Directed Coherence (PDC) and the power spectrum of the brain activity. The purposes of this study were to determine the cortico-cortical functional co...

This study implemented software to hardware design for a part of ECG system which is intended to detect and classify atrial fibrillation. The feature extraction process was chosen to be implemented into hardware design. The chosen algorithm was the natural frequency of ECG signal that was obtained from second-order system. Steps taken from digital...

In this paper, the viability of a second order system to characterize the oscillatory behavior of human heart of atrial fibrillation patient was monitored and analysed. Sampling were patients who experienced atrial fibrillation. This study used the MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation dataset (MIT-afdb) from the Physiobank ECG database. ECG recordings of no...

The aim of the study is to investigate the dynamic features of handwriting and the directional connectivity in brain among young children during basic drawing task. Seven children participated in the study where four of them were female. To exercise motor ability, three different unlined shapes were selected which the subject must gaze and trace on...

The growth of interest in the development of reduced-scale electrocardiogram (ECG) system based on field-programmable gated-array (FPGA) design platform is increasing. This study provides initial result of mapping digital signal processing to hardware design for specific purpose. In this paper, a part of digital signal processing for atrial fibrill...

Mental calculation is one of the skills in executive function where problem solving skill and working memory were needed. The objectives of this study were to determine the directional connection of brain networks using partial directed coherence, and to observe the power spectrum of the brain rhythms during the mental task. Thirteen healthy partic...

Eye therapy such as eye massages, has been designed to reduce eye problems and improve blood circulation of the eyes. When reading, the signs and symptoms of visual exhaustion are related to visual stress and people may make use of eye therapy to reduce this visual stress. It is well-known that a relaxed mind can be analysed via the study of an ele...

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based mobile system are getting mainstream although the true potential of EEG signals are yet to be discovered. With the help of a specific control paradigm, the success rate of a mobile system to reach to a certain location could be increased. To further extend the existed control paradigm of EEG-Based mobile robotic sys...

Atrial fibrillation is a type of atria arrhythmia which can cause the formation of blood clot in the heart. The blood clot may enlarge or moving to the brain and cause stroke. Therefore, this study monitors the performance of ECG episodes for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation classification. Episode of 2 seconds to 8 seconds were used to observe the p...

Executive function is one of the cognitive abilities that perform updating response where it can restore new information and operate when needed. The aim of this paper was to investigate the functional cortical network for executive function during mental arithmetic task. Five healthy people participated to perform Mental Arithmetic task, i.e. subj...

The aim of the study is to investigate the directional connectivity in brain between children who has good handwriting and poor handwriting. Two children participated in the case study. Test subject was the one that showed symptoms of handwriting difficulty and was identified by her teacher as below average writer. Control subject on the other hand...

In this paper, we monitored and analyzed the characteristics of atrial fibrillation in patient using second order approach. Atrial fibrillation is a type of atria arrhythmias, disturbing the normal heart rhythm between the atria and lower ventricles of the heart. Heart disease and hypertension increase risk of stroke from atrial fibrillation. This...

A wireless temperature monitoring system has been designed and fabricated for the monitoring of blood bank temperature. The protection of blood is done by labeling of blood components and stored at refrigerator temperature of 4°C. Therefore, it is important to monitor the temperature of blood bank to ensure the blood is stored properly to avoid the...

Music is the science and the art of tones, or the musical sounds. Music is also the art of combining tones in a manner to please the ear. Music therapy is the planned and creative use of music to attain and maintain health and well-being. There are a lot of experimental efforts to understand musical processing in the brain using electroencephalogra...

The aim of this study is to detect the brain activation on scalp by Electroencephalogram (EEG) task-based for brain computer interface (BCI) using wirelessly control robot. EEG was measured in 8 normal subjects for control and task conditions. The objective is to determine one scalp location which will give signals that can be used to control the w...

Students’ engagement is an essential factor that contributes to the achievement of educational learning outcomes in providing knowledge and skills to students. Factors that may influence students’ engagement can be categorized into individual perceived variable which includes personal characteristics and motivation and educational practices which i...

Accurately differentiating between ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes is crucial in preventing potentially fatal misinterpretations. If VT is misinterpreted as VF, the patient will receive an unnecessary shock that could damage the heart; conversely, if VF is incorrectly interpreted as VT, the result will be lif...

Faculty of Electrical Engineering (FKE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) has implemented problem based laboratory course (PBLab) for final year students since year 2007. Unlike students from other programs in FKE that start their PBLab in the fourth year (final year), students of Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical-Medical Electronics) program...

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are potentially life-threatening forms of cardiac arrhythmia. Fast and accurate detection of these conditions can save lives. We used semantic mining to characterize VT and VF episodes by extracting three significant parameters (frequency, damping coefficient and input signal) from elec...

Ventricular tachycardia is ventricular cardiac arrhythmia that could be calamitous and life threatening. The ability to provide accurate and well-timed predictions of ventricular tachycardia events can save lives. This research investigates the possibility of using a semantic mining algorithm to predict the onset of ventricular tachycardia in elect...

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is proposed to be implemented in telemedicine. However, there are some requirements for WSN design in order to be implemented in this area. One of the requirements is data reliability in term of congestion management. For medical device network, there are other parameters to be counted besides data rate; congestion deg...

Porous silicon (PS) structures are prepared by electrochemical etching method using HF and ethanol as a electrolyte solution. The surface and cross‐sectional morphology and optical characteristics of the formed PS structures as a dependence of the anodization time are studied. Although the anodization time is changed from 1 minute to 5 minutes in...

The use of infrared radiation as a medium for high speed and short-range application is proposed for communication in the aircraft passenger cabin since it does not cause any interference to aircraft navigation systems. In this paper: first of all, using Lambert's model, the power received at the receiver via single reflection propagation inside th...

Electroencephalogram (EEG) study has significant use for disable people since many people with severe motor disabilities require alternative method for communication and control. Normally this people have normal brain function that can be used to control assistive devices. Therefore this study presents preliminary results of EEG pattern for driving...

Previously, coherence function has been applied to investigate the effects of external visual stimulation on cortico- muscular synchronization. It was proven that brain regions with enhanced 8-12 Hz (alpha)/decreased 31-50 Hz (gamma) power have strong coupling between them and demonstrated as codes of brain functional activity. However, the cortica...

Electroencephalography (EEG) signal between normal and special children is slightly different. Different types of special children will generate different shape of EEG patterns depend on their neurological function. This paper demonstrates the classification of EEG signal for special children: to determine and to classify level and pattern of EEG s...

Electroencephalographic (EEG) technology has enabled effective measurement of human brain activity, as functional and physiological changes within the brain may be registered by EEG signals. In this paper, electrical activity of human brain due to sound waves of different frequency, i.e. 40 Hz, 500 Hz, 5000 Hz and 15000 Hz, is studied based on EEG...

Ventricular arrhythmias, especially ventricular fibrillation, is a type of arrhythmias that can cause sudden death. The paper applies semantic mining approach to electrocardiograph (ECG) signals in order to extract its significant characteristics (frequency, damping coefficient and input signal) to be used for classification purpose. Real data from...

The aim of this study is to determine the place of articulation for Arabic phonemes by subjects on non-arabic spoken language namely Malay. Every phoneme must be pronounced accurately in order to obey the rule of tajweed of holy Quran. By using Fourier analysis technique, the sound waveform is transform into spectrum which is frequency representati...

This study focuses on developing a method to determine parameters to control cursor movement using noninvasive brain signals, or electroencephalogram (EEG) for brain-computer interface (BCI). There were two conditions applied i.e. Control condition where subjects relax (resting state); and Task condition where subjects imagine a movement. During bo...

Since years, the using of telemedicine has increased although there are some technical issues related to standard and quality. In order to improve the telemedicine quality of service, a robust wireless connection between medical devices and telecommunication network is required. Unfortunately, many medical devices were developed without possibility...

Motor behavior can be guided by visual information. For example, hand actions were modified by visual cues that provided initial weight and size estimates of objects. Vision provides important inputs to the representational system which are linked not directly to motor outputs but are linked to cognitive systems. The visual and voluntary motor task...

To study the effects of external visual stimulation on motor cortex-muscle synchronization, coherence between electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) was measured in normal subjects under Before, Task (visual task: Ignore or Count, or arithmetic task) and After conditions. The control (Before and After) conditions required the subje...

Currently, many studies have focused on the magnitude of coherence with less emphasis on the time delay, or have mostly used only one method to establish the temporal relationship between the sensorimotor cortex and the peripheral muscles. Here, the time delays using inverse Fast Fourier transformation (IFFT), least squares regression analysis (LSR...

The effects of visual stimuli on cortico-spinal synchronization were investigated by measuring the coherence between electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) during isometric contraction of the first dorsal interosseous muscle of the right hand. Because a spinal motoneuron and the corresponding muscle fibers form a motor unit with one-to...

Previous studies of oscillatory interaction between signals of human motor cortex and its peripheral muscle using electroencephalography (EEG) and surface electromyography (EMG) observed rhythmic activities in the frequency band 15-35 Hz. In the present study, we compare three different reference methods of the EEG recording and investigate the eff...