Norasmadi Abdul Rahim

• PhD in Mechatronic Engineering
• Senior Lecturer at University of Malaysia, Perlis

Profoundly hearing-impaired community (PHIC) cannot moderate wisely an acoustic noise emanated from moving vehicle in outdoor environment. Due to this, they have difficulties to distinguish type and the distance of moving vehicles especially the one comes from the rear. Hence, they are at risk whenever they are outdoors. In this paper, a simple sys...

The hearing impaired is afraid of walking along a street and living a life alone. Since, it is difficult for hearing impaired to hear and judge sound information and they often encounter risky situations while they are in outdoors. The sound produced by moving vehicle in outdoor situation cannot be moderate wisely by profoundly deaf people. They al...

Stingless Bee is particularly nutrient-dense in his honey. Therefore, numerous beekeepers for the Stingless Bee have begun this agricultural enterprise, particularly in Malaysia. However, beekeepers encounter challenges when caring for an excessively large stingless bee colony. Due to the risk of causing colony disruption, the beekeeper cannot alwa...

The stingless bees have gained a large popularity among the beekeepers, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions such as the Americas, Africa, and Southeast Asia. This is because the honey of stingless bees has a distinct flavour and is highly valued for its medicinal qualities. Traditionally, stingless bee colonies constructed from wood lo...

In agricultural research, a fruit's look, which affects its market value, is the first and most crucial sensory evaluation. According to external criteria like shape, size, ripeness index, and flaws or internal criteria like sweetness, flavor, and nutrients, fruits can be categorized and rated. Due to the grading task's importance and difficulty in...

Waterjet Technology has been used vastly in our world nowadays due to its advantages and it can be implemented in many industrial sectors or even in the medical sector and food industry sector. Nozzle is a component that has been utilized in waterjet which is employed in a wide range of engineering applications to control the rate of flow, velocity...

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The trend of stingless bees’ farm in Malaysia has increased recently as it has been proven that its honey gives various benefits to human beings. This trend requires beekeepers to do more frequent inspections of beehives. However, the current practice of opening the cover to inspect the colony and honey will disrupt colony activity. According to a...

The fruit industry has been known as one of the largest businesses in Malaysia, where most of the fruits pass through the peeling process well in advance before the final product as juice in a bottle or slices in a can. The current industrial fruit peeling techniques are passive and inefficient by cutting parts of the pulp of the fruit with peels l...

Extreme learning machine (ELM) is a special type of single hidden layer feedforward neural network that emphasizes training speed and optimal generalization. The ELM model proposes that the weights of hidden neurons need not be tuned, and the weights of output neurons can be calculated by finding the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse method. Thus,...

Harumanis is a famous green eating mango cultivar that has been commercially cultivated in Malaysia’s state of Perlis. A variety of nutrients are found in soil, all of which are necessary for plant growth. Micronutrients such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) are essential for Harumanis mango ( Mangifera Indica ) to growth. The imp...

This paper presents a review on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) detection and mapping of buried utilities which have been widely used as non-destructive investigation and efficiently in terms of usage. The reviews cover on experimental design in GPR data collection and survey, pre-processing, extracting hyperbolic feature using image processing and...

There are variety of fruits around the world, different types of fruits contain different types of nutrients and vitamins which could benefits our health. In order to understand which fruit can provide specific type of nutrients, we need to identify the types of fruits. However, fruits grow in a different shape, colour and texture based on the coun...

One of the stingless bee types named Heterotrigona Itama are widespread in the tropics and subtropics especially in Malaysia. Due to its excellent nutritional content, stingless bee honey has gained favour in recent years. According to some studies, stingless bee honey has been used to cure eye infections, open wounds, diabetes, hypertension, and a...

Visual defects detection is one of the main problems in the post-harvest processing caused a major production and economic losses in agricultural industry. Manual fruits detection become easy when it is done in small amount, but the result is not consistent which will generate issue in fruit grading. A new fruit quality assessment system is necessa...

Visual appearance is the main source of information that can be used for quality assessment of mango. In this study, a non-destructive ripeness level estimation for mango of the cultivar Harumanis based on digital image analysis was employed. The changing peel and flesh colour of mango is strongly correlated to ripeness that can be measured as a se...

Monitoring physical fatigue and capacity is important in high-performance environments to optimize the training stimulus and minimize unplanned physical fatigue. For that purpose, accelerometer sensors have been emerged as a tool with the potential to measure and reflect changes in runner's acceleration. An accelerometer was used to measure the acc...

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of technology and sport science utilized within an athlete’s physical activity and exercise. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of two strength and conditioning exercises, namely, a customized free-weight exercise and plate-loaded machine exercise, on the lower limb muscle activities of the a...

Device-free localization (DFL) has become a hot topic in the paradigm of the Internet of Things. Traditional localization methods are focused on locating users with attached wearable devices. This involves privacy concerns and physical discomfort especially to users that need to wear and activate those devices daily. DFL makes use of the received s...

Vehicle alternator is only seen as fragment piece in vehicle. This project will analyse the vehicle alternator current output flow style. A study on charging rate onto battery can be made based on this analyst. From this a prediction can be made on the vehicle alternator health and may prevent it from affecting other charging system component. Feat...

In this paper, we present 3D point cloud data segmentation from a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) using RANSAC and localization approaches. Our work is using the real world data acquired from outdoor and indoor scene of Tawau Bell Tower (also known as the Belfry), one of the heritage building located in Sabah. We adapt the methods to segment ground...

Muscle fatigue is described by the decline in muscle maximum force during contraction. The fatigue occurs in the nervous or muscle fibre cells. The nerves produce a high-frequency signal to gain the maximum contraction, but it cannot sustain the high frequency signal for a long time, and that leads to a decline in muscle force. The surface Electrom...

Human following robot is very common in this technology era. Human following is a technique used by robot and autonomous vehicles to follow a human within a specific range. In this case, communication between the human and the robot is the most significant factor where sensor is needed to ensure its successfulness. This paper discussed a human foll...

The main goal of this research work is to study and evaluate the muscles force and fatigue of Gastrocnemius Medialis (GMS), Gluteus Maximus (GM), and Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL) during running for 400-meters based on surface Electromyography (sEMG) signals. The sEMG signals of the selected muscles from the right leg have been collected by using bi...

In this paper, pairwise coarse registration is presented using real world point cloud data obtained by terrestrial laser scanner and without information on reference marker on the scene. The challenge in the data is because of multi-scanning which caused large data size in millions of points due to limited range about the scene generated from side...

Incorrect running may lead to discomfort and injuries, where each day around the world, the numbers of runners are increasing. The goal of this research work is to evaluate and study the lower limb muscles fatigue during running for 400-meters with two types of running strategies based on the Electromyography (EMG) signals. The EMG signals are coll...

The aim of this research work is to assess the muscles fatigue of the male runner during 400 meters (m) running with three types of running strategies. The Electromyography (EMG) signals from the Rectus Femoris (RF), Biceps Femoris (BF), Gluteus Maximus (GM), Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL), and Gastrocnemius Medialis (GMS) were collected by using bip...

Localisation is essential for autonomous mobile robot system enabling it to locate itself within its environment. One method to perform localisation is to use scan matching with iteration closest point (ICP) algorithm. However, typical ICP may be prone to inaccuracies in localisation and mapping due to problems associated with laser range data limi...

The rising number of elderly populations has become a common concern in many countries. As one of the solutions, smart homes have been developed to help them live independently in their own homes. However, the accurate interpretation in monitoring human situations is still limited. This paper presents an abnormality detection approach that can moni...

Accurate activity recognition plays a major role in smart homes to provide assistance and support for users, especially elderly and cognitively impaired people. To realize this task, knowledge-driven approaches are one of the emerging research areas that have shown interesting advantages and features. However, several limitations have been associat...

Activity recognition plays a major role in smart home technologies in providing services to users. One of the approaches to i dentify activity is through the use of knowledge-driven reasoning. This paper presents a framework of semantic activity recognition, which is used to support smart home systems to identify users' activities based on the exis...

Under certain situations, researchers were forced to work with small sample-sized (SSS) data. With very limited sample size, SSS data have the tendency to undertrain a machine learning algorithm and rendered it ineffective. Some extreme cases in SSS problems will have to deal with large feature-to-instance ratio, where the high number of features c...

This paper is about an experiment for performing engines diagnostic using wireless sensing Internet of Thing (IoT). The study is to overcome problem of current standard On Board Diagnosis (OBD-II) data acquisition method that only can be perform in offline or wired method. From this paper it show a method to determined how the data from engines can...

Random Linear Oracle (RLO) ensemble replaced each classifier with two mini-ensembles, allowing base classifiers to be trained using different data set, improving the variety of trained classifiers. Naïve Bayes (NB) classifier was chosen as the base classifier for this research due to its simplicity and computational inexpensive. Different feature s...

Malodour from the poultry farms could cause air pollution and therefore potentially dangerous to humans’ and animals’ health. This issue also poses sustainability risk to the poultry industries due to objections from local community. The aim of this paper is to develop and calibrate a cost effective and efficient electronic nose for poultry farm ai...

Typical method on assessing the human breathing characteristics is based on measurements of breathing air parameters. Another possible method for human breathing assessment is through the analysis of respiratory muscles electromyography (EMG) signal. The EMG signal from different breathing task will be analyzed in order to determine the characteris...

Three portable electronic noses (PEN3, Cyranose 320, and InSniff) combined with multivariate analysis were attempted to classify rice according to four groups. The interest was to classify rice samples to their actual group based on odor sample. Signals based on the instruments’ sensor responses were acquired and further analyzed using four classif...

In the real world, sensors are always exposes to noise and error during measurements. These problems will lead to invalid and overshoot readings, as well as blank data. Fortunately, these errors can be treated using filters. For data collection process using laser range finder, the use of filters is necessary as they can help to overcome the laser...

The main aim of this paper is to present a controlling method for the movements of the wheelchair in a different direction: forward, backward, right side, left side, and stop condition. This method depended on the electrical signals of the muscles that are collected from the masseter and buccinators muscles by using the Electromyogram (EMG). After...

There are many elderly people who lack the control of movement of their upper or lower limbs. There are also many people affected and who are paralyzed. For this reason, the wheelchair is very important for these people to help them daily. The aim of this work is to present a control method of wheelchair movement in five directions: (forward, rever...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of newly proposed bicycle’s crank to crank angle setting on the Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Bicep Femoris (BF) muscle activity during cycling. Procedures of Conconi Test were used throughout the experiment for the data collection purpose. The muscles activities were recorded using surface electro...

Breathing is one of the human physiological activities that catch the interest of researchers especially in the area of medical diagnosis and human physiological performance. Mostly, the measurement and data are in form of pressure and volume variables of air intake and outflow. However, using airflow pressure and volume require installment of cert...

The electric wheelchair is becoming increasingly critical in assistive technological and rehabilitation devices. The wheelchair is usually controlled by the joystick. Nevertheless, it's not always well suited for impaired people that lack control of the upper or lower-limbs. Latest advances of Electric Power Wheelchair (EPWs) based on electromyogra...

The wheelchair is very important for the elderly people who are lacking the ability of controlling their upper or lower limbs to help them moving from place to another without any help from the other's persons. The aim of this research work is to present a new controlling method on the wheelchair movements depended on the EMG signals that collected...

Swarming robots basically consist of a group of several simple robots that interact and collaborate with each other to achieve shared goals. A single robot system is not suitable to be used as an agent for the navigation usually covers a wide range of area. Therefore, a group of simple robots is introduced. A group of robots can perform their tasks...

The development of Bioacoustics device has been on the rise due to their apparent benefit as it has been proved to solve many problems such as recognizing animal vocalization and estimating the population of an animal in the forest. However, the commercial bioacoustics device always known as an expensive and complicated system in recent market. Thi...

Background Effective management of patients with diabetic foot infection is a crucial concern. A delay in prescribing appropriate antimicrobial agent can lead to amputation or life threatening complications. Thus, this electronic nose (e-nose) technique will provide a diagnostic tool that will allow for rapid and accurate identification of a pathog...

Aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered as the best quality premium rice. The varieties are preferred by consumers because of its preference criteria such as shape, colour, distinctive aroma and flavour. The price of aromatic rice is higher than ordinary rice due to its special needed growth condition for instance specific climate and soil. P...

Ultrasonic sensor is one of the most cost-effective sensor used to obtain range information and obstacle avoidance. Due to its simplicity, this sensor is widely used in mobile robot applications to acquire environment features and mapping. Although the sensor can track a still or moving target, it does not provide information on the shape and patte...

The purpose of the present preliminary investigation is to characterize the vibration signal between normal and symptomatic knee joint. Accelerometers were attached to the medial and lateral retinaculum of dominant knee to acquire the vibration signal induced during flexion and extension of leg. Signals were compared in time and frequency domain an...

Traditionally, the variety of animal species are accessed using conventional method that is normally costly, consumed a lot of time and the most important missing element is that it does not equipped with any permanent recording device. In order to replace this conventional method, an automated sound recording device is developed. This device has t...

This paper introduces the design and development of a system that can early detect overtraining problem during training activities. These problems can affect athletes’ physiological and psychological conditions as well as reducing their performance. Maximum heart rate (MHR) is the limitation heart rate of athlete and can be indicator for overtraini...

Differentially Hearing Ability Enabled (DHAE) community cannot discriminate the sound information from a moving vehicle approaching from their behind. This research work is mainly focused on recognition of different vehicles and its position using noise emanated from the vehicle A simple experimental protocol has been designed to record the sound s...

This study examines co-solvent modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) to extract the saturated fatty acids from palm oil. The applied pressure was ranging from 60 to 180 bar and the extraction temperatures were 313.15 and 353.15 K. The knowledge of the phase equilibrium is one of the most important factors to study the design of extraction...

Profoundly hearing impaired community (PHIC) cannot moderate wisely an acoustic noise emanated from the moving vehicles in outdoor. They are not able to distinguish either type or distance of the moving vehicles approaching from behind. Therefore, the PHIC encounter risky situation while they are in outdoor. In this paper, a simple system has been...

Task assignments to team of homogenous autonomous robots are in research trends in robotic field. Autonomous homogeneous multi-robot is known to have similar architecture in terms of structure and identical control system as well as their tasking. At present, most research of multi-robot mainly focuses on motion control layer. Nevertheless, a succe...

Multi robot is an emerging field in robotic research with surprisingly various open problems. Reports have been published stating the advantages of multi robot over conventional single robot, including reducing task completion time. One of the open problem as concentrated in this study is their communication. This study focuses on using a 2D QR bar...

The hearing impaired is afraid of walking along a street and living a life alone. Since, it is difficult for hearing impaired to hear and judge sound information and they often encounter risky situations while they are in outdoors. The sound produced by moving vehicle in outdoor situation cannot be moderated wisely by profoundly hearing impaired co...

In this paper, we present a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN)-based Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Model with Exegeneous Inputs (NARX) model of a DC motor drive controller model by (Rahim, 2004). Tests were conducted to measure the accuracy of the model (using One Step Ahead (OSA) and its validity (using correlation tests and histogram analys...

Commercial mobile robots provide good platform for the study and development of algorithms for wireless mobile communication of devices. E-Puck is a good example, with wireless communication utilising Bluetooth among others. However, the limitations of Bluetooth communications lead to the investigation of using X-Bee module as an alternative. This...

This paper explores the application of the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) by (Kennedy and Eberhart, 1997) to perform model structure selection of a Nonlinear Auto-Regressive model with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) identification of a Direct Current (DC) motor. We describe the application of BPSO for model structure selection, by representing...

Mobile robot has been a major role to the application in military, industrial and agricultural purposes. Mobile robot should navigate through desire route and avoid the obstacle within the path. Many researcher come with the solution by using the various type of control and instrumentation system. The complexity of mobile robot system can make the...

This paper describes a digital proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller technique applied to the DC-DC buck converter. The converter is modelled using a state space averaging technique. Due to the non-linear of the power converter, the PID controller is designed to simplify the compensation of the DC-DC converter. The control algorithm is...

The recognition of tuberculosis (TB) bacilli base on a color image processing is one of the most challenging tasks in image processing. The problems increase if the captured images are blurred or have low contrast. This paper proposes partial contrast and saturation technique methods to enhance color images of Ziehl-Neelsen stained smear for the de...

Tuberculosis infection is a serious disease which could be controlled by early diagnosis. A commonly used technique for detecting the TB bacilli is by analyzing sputum smear. Now days, image recognition systems have several applications in enormous fields. This paper uses an artificial neural network to enhance color images of Ziehl-Neelsen stained...

Pulmonary elastance provides an important basis for deciding air pressure parameters of mechanical ventilators, and airway resistance is an important parameter in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases. The authors have proposed two types of second order nonlinear differential equation model of respiratory system. In the first type of model, elastic...

Fuel cell is emerging as one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Various applications of fuel cell had been investigated. In this paper, an overview will be given on the design principles of an ongoing project in utilizing fuel cell to power a radio-controlled (RC) car. One of major issues in radio-controlled car is the time taken in ch...