Noor Azian Morad

Noor Azian Morad
University of Technology Malaysia | UTM · Malaysian - Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT)

PhD

About

69
Publications
86,921
Reads
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1,125
Citations
Introduction
Skills and Expertise
Additional affiliations
March 2015 - present
Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT)
Position
  • Dep Dean (Research & Innovation)
August 2010 - December 2015
University of Technology Malaysia
Position
  • Head of ikohza

Publications

Publications (69)
Article
Subcritical water extraction (SWE) was applied for β-carotene enrichment in crude palm oil (CPO) extraction. Investigated SWE operating condition were the pressure of 30, 40 and 50 bar and temperature from 120 to 180 °C. SWE processes were conducted semi-batch for up to 60 min of extraction time. Dynamic method using low solvent rate was used to de...
Article
Full-text available
Extraction process are one of the critical units in palm oil milling process which dictates its efficiency. In this study, hot compressed water extraction (HCWE) is utilized for the crude palm oil (CPO) extraction. With regards to CPO quality, the extracted CPO using HCWE was analysed based on overall composition, triacylglycerol (TAG) composition...
Article
Full-text available
Five major operations for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into bioethanol are pre-treatment, detoxification, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. The fermentation process is a significant biological step to transform lignocellulose into biofuel. The interactions of biochemical networks and their uncertainty and nonlinearity that...
Chapter
Full-text available
In this chapter, a novel green extraction process known as solvent extraction–crystallisation–evaporation (SECE) is introduced. The SECE is meant to be a sustainable approach for oil recovery from palm oil milling and refining processes. It utilises bioethanol as the extraction solvent instead of hexane. SECE is demonstrated for the extraction of r...
Article
Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) is a prominent herb species that widely cultivated in Southeast Asia region. The effect of water-based ultrasonic assisted extraction at various temperature (30 to 60 °C) and time (5 to 30 minutes) on the total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in C. nutans leaves extract was investigated. Acquired...
Article
Full-text available
Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is an alternative technique implemented water as a solvent. The objective of this work was to extract Zingiber zerumbet rhizome using SWE at a temperature range from 100ºC to 180ºC with duration from 5 to 25 min. The extracts were analysed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and radical...
Article
Full-text available
The solubility of crude palm oil in hot compressed water was predicted using thermodynamic model prediction. The solubility data was used to understand the phase equilibria in the separation process. In this study, the modified UNIFAC method was used. The solubility prediction using the modified UNIFAC involves several parts that are; pseudo TAG st...
Article
Carbon dioxide (CO2) solubility was measured in aqueous solutions containing 0.6 wt% D(+)-galacturonic acid (GalH) or sodium D(+)-galacturonate (GalNa) by use of a recirculating apparatus at 313.4 K and at pressures up to 9.29 MPa. The solubilities of CO2 in the two solutions containing GalH or GalNa were similar to those in pure water. The experim...
Article
The use of water in subcritical conditions for extraction has several drawbacks. These include the safety features, higher production costs and possible degradation of the bioactive compounds. To overcome these problems, sonic energy and an entrainer were used as external interventions to decrease the polarity of water at milder operating condition...
Article
To Cite This Article: N.A.F Baharuddin, M.F.M Nordin, N.A Morad, N.A Rasidek., Pressurized hot water extraction of phenolic and antioxidant activity of Clinacanthus nutan leaves using accelerated solvent extractor. Accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) is classified as the Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE) which is known as green extraction pro...
Article
Full-text available
In recent years, producing economical biofuels especially bio-ethanol from lignocellulosic materials has been widely considered. Fermentation is an important step in ethanol production process. Fermentation process is completely nonlinear and depends on some parameters such as temperature, sugar content, and PH. One of the difficulties in producing...
Article
There are plentiful of palm biomass but these resources are not always being fully utilised. Palm biomass are plentiful; yet their utilization are far from reaching their potential. From the perspective of biomass industry players, especially of the bio-energy industry, there are primarily three factors affecting their business decision: (i) consta...
Article
Full-text available
Novel mixed matrix membranes were prepared from polysulfone (PSf), talc and Fe3O4–talc nanocomposite by phase inversion technique. PSf/Fe3O4–talc membranes showed higher lead and nickel rejections compared to PSf/talc membranes, which reaches to 99.4 and 96.2% for lead and nickel ions, respectively, at feed pH 5 and lower rejections at pH 3.5 and 2...
Article
Hot compressed water extraction (HCWE) is a promising alternative technology which has proven to be successful in many applications. In this study, hot compressed water extraction (HCWE) was applied in the extraction of crude palm oil (CPO) from palm mesocarp. The operating conditions investigated were pressure of 30, 40 and 50 bar with varied temp...
Article
Full-text available
Hot compressed water extraction (HCWE) is a promising green alternative for palm oil milling. The kinetic characteristic of HCWE for palm oil and it β-carotene concentration was experimentally investigated in this study at the different temperature and pressure. Semi-batch HCW extractor from 120 to 180 oC and 30 to 50 bar was used to evaluated the...
Article
Full-text available
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is a group of biopolymers that are extensively researched for such purpose due to the biocompatibility with mammal tissue and similar properties with conventional plastic. However, commercialization of PHA is impended by its high total production cost, which half of it are from the cost of pure carbon source feedstock....
Article
Full-text available
Presently oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is one of the solid waste which is produced daily whereby it is usually left at plantation site to act as organic fertilizer for the plants to ensure the sustainability of fresh fruit bunch. The major drawback in biomass conversion technology is the difficulty of degrading the material in a short period...
Article
Full-text available
Hot compressed water extraction (HCWE) is a promising green alternative of the screw press in the palm oil processing. In this study, steady-state characteristic of the HCWE was modeled by using the artificial neural network (ANN). The overall oil yield and other outputs; β-carotene, α-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol concentration were described by th...
Article
Oil palm industry contributes a huge amount of valuable crude palm oil, and simultaneously producing a large quantity of plantation waste or biomass, which will be utilized as a fuel. In order to give a clear insight of the energy output estimation from the biomass, a comprehensive study on the physical properties of the biomass: bulk density and m...
Article
Full-text available
Molecular dynamics simulation was used to calculate the self-diffusion coefficients of ginger bioactive compounds (6-gingerol and 6-shogaol) in subcritical water with the presence of ethanol as an entrainer (0–10 mol%) at temperatures from 373.15 to 453.15 K. The all-atom optimised-potentials (OPLS/AA) were employed for the ginger bioactive compoun...
Chapter
This chapter introduces a rigorous methodology known as inoperability input-output modeling (IIM) for making quantitative predictions of how sectoral interdependencies lead to collateral risks economy wide that may occur as a result of loss of agricultural crop output in biomass-based systems. It first introduces the general approach of input-outpu...
Article
Full-text available
Background The interconnected Ras/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways play a central role in colorectal tumorigenesis, and they are targets for elucidating mechanisms involved in attempts to induce colon cancer cell death. Both ginger (Zingiber officinale) and honey have been shown to exhibit anti-tumor and anti-inflammation properties against many types of...
Article
An assessment of the mechanical properties was employed as the principal yardstick to quantify the physical attributes of oil palm fruitlet components before and after being subjected to thermal treatment process. Two industrial-scale thermal treatment methods were considered; horizontal sterilisation (being the most common) and vertical sterilisat...
Article
Full-text available
genesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) . The aim of this study was to elucidate whether combination of Gelam honey and ginger might have chemopreventive properties in HT29 colon cancer cells by modulating the mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin and apoptosis signaling pathways. Treatment with Gelam honey and ginger reduced the viability of the HT29 cells dose dependen...
Article
In Malaysia, there are plentiful of palm biomass but not always these resources are fully utilised. In the perspective of biomass industry owner, there are three factors that affect the business decision, (i) constant and good quality supplies, (ii) process efficiency, (iii) market demand and price. The strategy considerations that respond to these...
Article
Molecular dynamics simulation was used to calculate the self-diffusion coefficients of ginger bioactive compounds (6-gingerol and 6-shogaol) in subcritical water with the presence of ethanol as an entrainer (0-10 mol %) at temperatures from 373.15 to 453.15 K. The all-atom optimised-potentials (OPLS/AA) were employed for the ginger bioactive compou...
Article
Experiments involving subcritical carbon dioxide extraction of palm oil from treated palm mesocarp were done to determine palm oil yield and concentration of beta-carotene. As comparison, the conventional method of Soxhlet Extraction with six different solvents was used. The overall oil yield was measured as weight of oil per weight of sample, whil...
Article
Full-text available
Supercritical fluid extraction is an advanced extraction technique which has been proven its efficiency and selectivity in numerous studies. Dense gas with diffusivity nearing liquid and viscosity closed to gas phase, supercritical fluid can provide better performance in the extraction of natural and heat sensitive active compounds. Areca Catechu L...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In this manuscript, a systematic detail on the approaches and considerations for producing a Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation model of palm oil expression using screw press is presented. The behavior of oil palm fruitlet components (fiber, nut, and oil) during oil extraction process will be investigated for a deeper understanding on the proc...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A promising technique of Green Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2) process was developed for the extraction of squalene from palm oil mesocarp. In this study, the green SC-CO2 was compared with the conventional Soxhlet extraction for quantify the best extraction method. The independent variables in SC-CO2 were selected as follows: temperature (45...
Conference Paper
This paper investigated the optimum recovery of ginger bioactive compounds (6-, 8-, 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol) based on semi-batch and batch systems in accelerated water extraction. The optimum is determined based on peak value i.e optimum recovery of batch system to semi-batch. The peak value of 6-, 8-, 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol are 64.6 %, 47.2...
Conference Paper
Oil palm trunk (OPT) is one of the biomass produce during replanting of palm tree and this is generated every twenty five years in a given plantation. The core of the OPT when mechanically squeezed produce sap, which can be used to produce bio-ethanol. In this study, four OPT was used and each OPT was chopped into four sections which were upper, mi...
Conference Paper
The steady state HCWE process for palm oil and the minor component have been modeled using the multivariable regression method. The MISO strategy model with two independent variables; pressure and temperature and four process outputs; overall oil yield, β-carotene, α-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol concentration have been employing to getting four mul...
Article
Research questionnaires were disseminated to active palm oil mills across Malaysia to acquire information on (i) the mill operation, and (ii) the malfunction issue of screw press system. 105 mills had responded to the survey (response rate = 25%). Relationship between the mill operational data (processing capacity, daily operation cycle), the screw...
Chapter
The solubilities in water of four main ginger bioactive compounds, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol, were predicted using a conductor-like screening model for real solvent (COSMO-RS) calculations. This study was conducted since no experimental data are available for ginger bioactive compounds solubilities in liquid phase of water....
Chapter
Oil palm industry contributes a huge amount of valuable crude palm oil, also directly produces large quantity of plantation waste or biomass if it will be utilized as a fuel. In order to give a clear insight of the energy output estimation from the biomass, a comprehensive study on the physical properties of the biomass: bulk density and moisture c...
Article
Catechin that is known for its antioxidant, antihypertension and anticancer properties can be obtained from Areca catechu. In this study, accelerated water extraction (AWE) method was used to extract catechin from A. catechu seeds. The extraction parameters tested were temperature (120, 140 and 160 °C), static time (5, 10 and 15 min) and static cyc...
Article
Full-text available
The effects of co-solvent to the solubility of ginger bioactive compounds, 6-gingerol, 6- shogaol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol in hot water were calculated using the conductor-like screening model for real solvent (COSMO-RS). In this work, ethanol was used as the co-solvent. The σ- profiles of the molecules were calculated using Gaussian software an...
Article
Full-text available
Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale contains the bioactive compounds that have a long history of medicinal usage. The two most abundant ginger bioactives identified are 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol. It is important that the availability of these bioactives are first identified. This is done through ethanol extraction. Thus, this paper identified...
Article
Full-text available
The mechanism for extraction bioactive compounds from plant matrix is essential for optimizing the extraction process. As a benchmark technique, a soxhlet extraction has been utilized for discussing the mechanism and compared with an accelerated water extraction. The trends of both techniques show that the process involves extraction and degradatio...
Article
Full-text available
The solubilities in water of four main ginger bioactives, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol, were predicted using a conductor-like screening model for real solvent (COSMO-RS) calculations. This study was conducted since no experimental data are available for ginger bioactive solubilities in hot water. The σ-profiles of these selecte...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is introduced in the extraction of ginger bioactive compounds, namely 6-gingerol and 6-shagoal. The extraction mechanism is identified using mass transfer coefficient model. The overall mass transfer coefficient, k or driving force for each compound is measured through experimental determination. Compound identifi...
Article
Full-text available
Solids oil palm biomass in the form of empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm press fibre (PPF), palm kernel shell (PKS), palm trunks and fronds has been identified as one of the main source of renewable energy with great potential in Malaysia. Recent development in the industry requires proper treatment of the palm biomass so that it generates clean ener...
Conference Paper
Solids oil palm biomass in the form of empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm press fibre (PPF), palm kernel shell (PKS), palm trunks and fronds has been identified as one of the main source of renewable energy with great potential in Malaysia. Recent development in the industry requires proper treatment of the palm biomass so that it generates clean ener...
Article
Full-text available
Combined degumming and bleaching is the first stage of processing in a modern physical refining plant. In the current practice, the amount of phosphoric acid (degumming agent) and bleaching earth (bleaching agent) added during this process is usually fixed within a certain range. There is no system that can estimate the right amount of chemicals to...
Article
Full-text available
The specific heats (Csp) of neat polyvinyl alcohol (NPVOH) and 40 phr glycerol plasticized polyvinyl alcohol (PPVOH) were measured using a method known as power compensate differential scanning calorimetry. A high purity sapphire (Al2O3) was used as a reference material. NPVOH has a melting temperature of approximately 480 K, while PPVOH has a valu...
Article
Full-text available
Although many studies have shown the antitumor properties of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale), little is known regarding the mechanism of its effects. This study was conducted to determine the mechanism of antitumor effects of ginger extract by evaluating apoptosis rate and cell cycle progression status in colon cancer cell lines HCT 116 and p5...
Article
Full-text available
The specific heat capacity (C sp) of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) blends with cassava starch (CSS) was studied by the differential scanning calorimetry method. Specimens of PVOH–CSS blends: PPV37 (70 mass% CSS) and PPV46 (60 mass% CSS) were prepared by a melt blending method with glycerol added as a plasticizer. The results showed that the specific hea...
Article
Full-text available
A field investigation was done in a typical palm oil mill, the Tanah Merah Palm Oil Mill, Malaysia. There had been previous report of pressure fluctuations and losses of steam especially at boilers and back pressure vessel when sterilisers were operating at normal steam load condition. Field trips were undertaken for this investigation. The field w...
Article
Previous work in the area of improving the performance of steam system in palm oil mills can be found in books and journals published by Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB). However, very little data has been published on operating experiences and scientific facts as well as economic aspects of back pressure vessel system. The data is also often found...
Article
Full-text available
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosco) is widely used in foods as a spice all around the world. It has been reported to have antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. We investigated the effect of ginger in ethionine induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: group 1 and 2 served as controls and they received norm...
Article
Full-text available
The present study was designed to compare the antioxidant, antiproliferative and apoptosis effects of ethanolic extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) with its phenolic component (6)-Gingerol on human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). We found that cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of ginger extract and (6)-Gingerol could be associated with inducti...
Article
Full-text available
Ginger or Zingiber officinale which is used in traditional medicine has been found to possess antioxidant effect that can control the generation of free radicals. Free radical level has been reported to be high in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of ginger extract on antioxidant status in rats induced with liver cancer....
Article
The purpose of this study was to examine the histological changes of cell structure in ginger during pre-treatment, steaming under pressure and solvent extraction of the oleoresin. The effects of pre-treatment on ginger were studied using fresh ginger, dried ginger, fresh ginger blanched at three different times (5, 10 and 15 min) at atmospheric pr...
Article
Full-text available
6-gingerol and 6-shogaol are the main constituents as anti-inflammatory or bioactive compounds from zingiber officinale Roscoe. These bioactive compounds have been proven for inflammatory disease, antioxidatives and anticancer. The effect of temperature on diffusion coefficient for 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol were studied in subcritical water extracti...
Article
Full-text available
This paper presents the development artificial neural network (ANN) models for three steady state chemical engineering systems, which are 1) a crude oil distillation column for use in real time optimisation, 2) physical properties of palm oil components, and 3) pore size determination for membrane characterization. Although studies on ANN applicati...
Article
Full-text available
The experimentally determined kinematic viscosities of simple triacylglycerols [trilaurin, trimyristin (MMM), tripalmitin (PPP), tristearin (SSS), triolein (OOO), and trilinolein (LiLiLi) were correlated to a modified Andrade-type equation. The constants for the modified equation were derived for each simple triacylglycerol. The method was also use...
Article
Full-text available
The liquid specific heat capacity of fatty acids can be accurately estimated using the Rowlinson-Bondi method. This method requires the specific heat capacity of ideal gases, the critical temperature, and the acentric factor for each acid. The liquid specific heat capacity of triacylglycerols and vegetable oils can be estimated using mixture proper...
Article
Full-text available
Reproducible specific heat capacities (C p) of triglycerides can be obtained by using heat-flux DSC under improved operating conditions. The improved operating parameters, such as the scanning rate, the sample mass and the atmosphere within the DSC chamber, were established via statistical analysis of the experimental data with trilaurin as a samp...
Article
Full-text available
The specific heat capacities of some triglycerides commonly found in palm oil were determined with a heat-flux differential scanning calorimeter. The specific heat capacity measurements were made under the optimum operating conditions determined earlier: scan rate 17 deg·min−1, sample mass 21 mg and purge gas (nitrogen) flow rate 50 ml/min. Pure tr...

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