Noor Iswadi Ismail

• Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering
• Senior Lecturer at MARA University of Technology

In line with a rise in demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) around the globe, LIB thermal management optimization is desirable. Moreover, the temperature rise of LIBs while discharging and charging affects their degradation and thermal runaway. The objective of this study is to investigate cooling performance in LIBs due to battery pack ventilat...

Synthetic jet's effectiveness in flow control, fluid mixing enhancement, and cooling has been established. The current study aims to examine the improvement of fluid blending and heat dissipation rate of two water inlets with varying temperatures in a channel that is disturbed by a synthetic jet at different excitation frequencies. The simulation a...

This research aims to analyze the aerodynamic performances surrounding paper planes. The dart paper plane model was chosen for this work based on the availability of experimental work done by previous researchers. The dart paper plane can be categorized as one of the micro air vehicles (MAV), however, the basic aerodynamic performances have been un...

This paper aims to propose a simple, straightforward, yet robust test rig design to measure the static thrust magnitude for small propellers. Although there were advanced tools like multi-axis force or torque sensors, sophisticated equipment and complex mechanisms were required to capture the accurate thrust magnitude. Therefore, providing simple a...

Most of the vehicles used by Malaysians have engines that only require petrol RON 95 to power the engine. However, many people claimed that utilising RON 100 instead of RON 95 for their vehicles will improve engine performance. Furthermore, many people speculate that using oil with a low octane level in an engine with low performance will affect th...

The performance of the engine depends on many factors. One of the factors is valve timing known to be the timing of opening and closing of valves that has a significant effect on the in-cylinder performance. However, there is less information in the study about valve timing effect on single cylinder engine performances. In this study, the focus is...

Enhanced capabilities and customization in designs demand a thorough conceptual design phase for products or equipment. To ensure favorable outcomes, a comprehensive analysis of multiple design concepts is vital. This paper aims to conduct a decision analysis to determine the most suitable design for a concurrent brake actuator (CBA) among a range...

Micro air vehicles (MAV) and the notion of morphing are always changing to suit their mission characteristics. To achieve twist morphing, however, the process underlying the application of the morphing force and its related aerodynamic load is not well understood. In this study, the structural deformation of the washout twist morphing wing MAV was...

In the operation of SI engines, alternative biomass fuels such as rice husk can be utilized. This will contribute limit the consumption of fossil fuels. The dual-fuel approach can also be employed on SI engines. One of the solutions that can be employed in dual-fuel SI engines with gasoline is producer gas, a flammable gas created by biomass gasifi...

Biodiesel from algae sources is one of the most promising alternative fuels to substitute fossil fuels in the future as it has relatively high oil content, besides rapid biomass production. However, in terms of exhaust emissions, the nitrogen (NOx) emission stemming from algae-diesel blends is higher due to the presence of oxygen content. As a solu...

These days, the problems of the energy crisis and environmental pollution are rapidly getting worse. As a result, using renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and ocean energy serves as an alternative to the current conventional energy. The fastest-growing renewable energy source to produce electricity is ocean wave energy, which is also pollut...

In the present investigation, the effects of Palm Oil Methyl Esters (POME) additives on fuel consumptions and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine fueled with algae-diesel fuel blends were studied. Five fuel blends were prepared based on volume percentages which are D100 (diesel fuel), 2.5AO97.5D (2.5% algae oil, 97.5% diesel fuel),...

In this research, cerium oxide will be used as a fuel additive as it plays a major role in increasing biodiesel performance and improve the properties of the algae-biodiesel blends upon reducing the nitrogen emission and improving the engine performance characteristics. The main phases involved in this research are the extraction of algae oil, blen...

The proper amount of braking force on both wheels is needed to optimize the braking performance and stability of the motorcycle. The braking effectiveness can be maximized by keeping the ideal nonlinear brake force distribution during braking. Thus the purpose of this research is to present a mechanism that can be accommodated as a Concurrent Brake...

This paper presents the investigation and improvement of lift and drag characteristics of Neo-Ptero micro-UAV models based on the virtual wind tunnel method. Despite its successful development and flight stability, the lift and drag coefficients characteristics of the current Mark 1 Neo-Ptero remain unknown. To improve the Mark 1 Neo-Ptero performa...

This work aims to characterize the lift (CL) and drag (CD) coefficient distributions on the current Neo-Ptero micro-UAV prototype. A CLanalysis on Neo-Ptero shows that the model has a promising CLperformance throughout the α increment. For every 2° angle of attack increment, the model can generate approximately 22% increment in CLmagnitude. Neo-Pte...

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of algae fuel blended in diesel fuel. Fuel blends of 1% of algae fuel (B1), 2% of algae fuel (B2), 3% of algae fuel (B3) and 4% of algae fuel (B4) to each 100 ml of fuel blend volume were prepared. Each algae-diesel fuel blend wa...

Paper plane has a high potential to be upgraded as a Micro Air Vehicle (MAV). Due to its simplicity, paper plane offers easier design option compared to the biological inspired designs as shown in recent MAV development. However, researchers have underestimate and overlook the basic aerodynamic performance induced by these paper planes. This is due...

Design and development of a downdraft gasifier model can be used as a basis to foster STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education for young generation. Teaching and learning process through model can bridge the gap between STEM disciplines through actual practices, models should be used as a means to promote STEM literacy and...

Rice husk gasification developed as process that converts organic rice husk into a producer gas. The achievement is to reduce dependency on fossil fuel, reduce pollution and move into green technology. Downdraft gasifier is a reactor that can produce lower tar concentration in the producer gas. There are important objectives had been investigated w...

The wing profile for Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) can be easily developed through the polynomial equation method which is proven in generating good aerodynamic performances. However, the study demands more studies in profile configurations to provide more evidence which interrelated with its aerodynamic performances. Thus, in this works, an aerodynamic...

Micro Aerial Vehicles, otherwise known as MAVs, is defined as an aerial vehicle that has a 15cm or less wingspan with a take off wight of less than 200g. Its miniature size and manoeuvrability allows it to fly in confined space at low Reynolds number flight conditions (100 – 100,000). In this study, an entothopter design inspired by dragonfly wings...

The internal combustion engine has an intake system that preparing sufficient charges for the engine cylinder. This study is focused on the effect of different intake geometry on the intake pressure and brake mean effective pressure to correlate volumetric efficiency and brake power performance. Five types of intake geometry are simulated by a one-...

An experimental study has been carried out to evaluate the emission characteristics and exhaust gas temperatures of algae oil additive in diesel blends. Diesel fuel (D100) and fuel blends of algae oil at 1% (A1), 2% (A2), 3% (A3) and 4% (A4) concentration were prepared and put to test on an unmodified single cylinder diesel engine. The test was con...

This study aims to review the application of carbon fiber reinforced plastics in automotive industry. CFRP is a composite material that has been used extensively in various applications such as aerospace industry, sports equipment, oil and gas industry as well as automotive industry. CFRP has better and outstanding specific stiffness, specific stre...

Unmanned air vehicles (UAV) have been used for many years and it mainly focus on military purposes. Numerous UAV development have been popular worldwide because the low in development cost, operating cost and ability to provide accurate surveillance information and it is a better option for performing reconnaissance missions in hostile environment....

In this paper, a bio-mimic approach was used to help characterise a flapping wing for the design of a Micro Air Vehicle (MAV). The main objective of this study is to characterise the lift performance of a flapping wing inspired by bat wings at different angle of attack (AoA), advance ratio (J) and wing camber. A series of flapping bat wings with di...

Flapping wing micro air vehicles are small, lightweight and can fly in a low Reynolds Number environment. They are capable of flying at low Reynolds number environment with amazing agility by imitating natural flyers like bats and have compliant wings while flapping. The primary goal of this study is to design and fabricate the compliant mechanism...

The O-ring paper plane is viewed as another option of paper planes that have potential to be upgraded as Micro Air Vehicle (MAV). Despite the complexity of the closed wing design, the O-Ring (OR) paper planes are easy to develop by following a certain origami technique. However, the aerodynamics performances for such closed wing design is still ope...

Micro Air Vehicle, or also commonly known as MAV, is a miniature aircraft that has been gaining interest in the industry. MAV is defined as a flying platform with 15cm wingspan and operates at a speed of around 10m/s. Recently, MAV has been exposed with the latest development and link towards the biologically-inspired designs such as morphing wing....

Energy consumption during machining is one of the critical factor to determine a sustainable machining. By minimizing the energy consumption, a green manufacturing can be introduced. This present research introduce an experimental study to investigate the effects of turning parameters like feed rate, depth of cut and cutting speed to the energy con...

The O-ring paper plane can be categorized as one of the Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) based on their characteristics and size. However, the aerodynamics performance of the O-ring paper plane was not fully discovered by previous researchers due to its aerodynamics complexity and various hoop diameters. Thus, the objective of this research is to study the...

In this project, the product of capturing CO2 gas has been developed. It is called the bubbling fluidized bed CO2 absorption reactor (CO2 BFBAR). CO2 BFBAR consists of a main furnace, stand and gas distributor plate. The overall height of the CO2 BFBAR is 877.5 mm. The inner diameter of the reactor is 74 mm and the outer diameter is 88 mm. The oper...

Alternative source of energy such as biomass gasification can be used to generate power and electricity. Producer gas produced from biomass gasification consists of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2). It has low calorific value (LCV) around 4-6 MJ/Nm3 because of CO2 content is about 10-20 % by...

Four friction material formulations composed of binder, reinforcing fiber, friction modifier and filler have been prepared through powder metallurgy route. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of palm oil kernel shell (PKS carbon) to replace the commercial carbon in the fabrication of brake friction materials. Sample H and...

Turning operation plays significant role in manufacturing industry especially to fabricate machined parts. Meanwhile surface quality is one of the important aspects to measure the performance of lathe machine. This research experimentally investigated the effect of turning parameters which are feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut toward surfac...

In general, there are four common Low Reynolds Number wing's designs for fixed wing Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) which known as Rectangular, Zimmerman, Inverse Zimmerman and Ellipse wing. However, each wing design produces diverse performance and in fact the aerodynamic comparison study among the wings is still lack. Thus, the objective of this study is...

Braking is a phase of slowing and stop the movement of motorcycle. During braking, the frictional heat was generated and the energy was ideally should be faster dissipated to surrounding to prevent the built up of the excessive temperature which may lead to brake fluid vaporization, thermoelastic deformation at the contact surface, material degrada...

Friction material is used to slow down the moving vehicle and finally stopped at the required position by the pressing it against the rotating brake disc. Four friction material formulations marked as T, T1, T2 and T3 have been prepared through powder metallurgy process. The effect of different volume percentage (vol. %) iron oxide on the braking p...

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of different volume percentage (Vol.%) of steel fibre on the pressure, surface temperature and speed sensitivity behaviour during braking process as known brake effectiveness and to propose the best steel fibre Vol.% in the formulation. Design/methodology/approach Three brake pads composed of three...

This paper presents a study about the structural integrity of the main structure within fuselage; the fuselage frame during crash event. It was analyzed using ABAQUS/Explicit. The crash was assumed to be an idealized vertical impact at 9 m/s impact velocity onto a rigid surface. Great amount of impact energy was absorbed as permanent plastic deform...

Paper plane is seen as another aircraft option that has high potential to be promoted as MAV. The paper plane design offer simpler and easier design option for MAV development. However, researchers have underestimated the paper plane performance and the drag induced by such planes is not fully discovered. Thus, the objective for current work is to...

The biomass downdraft gasification is an old technology, but it still can be used as an alternative way to substitute the conventional energy source. Currently, the interest in such technology is increasing due to the increase of fuel prices and the global warming problem. Producer gas, produced from biomass gasification process can be used to gene...

Part of a larger study on Micro Air Vehicle flapping wing design based on bat wings, this study attempted to fabricate a bat wing skin mimic using natural rubber latex (NRL). The aim of the study was to produce a latex skin that has the closest mechanical properties of a bat wing skin. The study uses three formulas for NRL membrane fabrication; Com...

Brake friction materials are composed of four components, namely the reinforcing fibres, binders, fillers and frictional additives. The phenolic resin is used as the binder to hold the composition together and maintain the structural integrity of the brake material during braking process. Three semi-metallic material formulations were prepared by p...

Vortex formation has numerous influences on the aerodynamic characteristics of fixed-wing micro air vehicle wings. Despite the mature understanding of vortices on fixed-wing and flapping micro air vehicle wings, the behavior of vortices over the morphing micro air vehicle wing has not been fully explored. Thus, the current work is conducted to inve...

Aircraft flight performance can be increased by optimizing the wing design. However fixed wing design has disadvantages since the aircraft's wing unable the to achieve maximum flight performance in all flight condition. Thus the wing shape demanded to evolve or change with view to adapt with different flight condition. This method recently known as...

Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) design imposes several technical challenges due low aspect ratio sizing (LAR) and complex-system level of design requirement. Thus, a detail design consideration must be carried out to avoid the complexity and complication of aerodynamic-structural behaviour. Thus, this paper intend to highlight the recent challenges in des...

Morphing wing is one of latest evolution found on MAV wing. However, due to few design problems such as limited MAV wing size and complicated morphing mechanism, the understanding of its aerodynamic behaviour was not fully explored. In fact, the basic drag distribution induced by a morphing MAV wing is still remained unknown. Thus, present work is...

TiCN and TiAlN coated twist drills were subjected to drilling tests to investigate the failure mechanisms during drilling operation. The drilling tests were performed on a carbon steel plate with a thickness of 25 mm and the depth of drill was set at 20 mm. The drill performance parameters were set at a spindle rotation of 1,600 rpm and feed rate o...

Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles (FW-MAVs) are small hand-held flying vehicles that can maneuver in constrained space owing to its lightweight, low aspect ratio and the ability to fly in low Reynolds number environment. In this study, the aerodynamic characteristics such as time-averaged lift of camber wings with different five wind tunnel test mod...

The manoeuvrability performance of a twist morphing MAV has been the main interest for the past researches. However, aerodynamic behaviour of a twist morphing wing is not fully explored due to limited MAV wing size, limited energy budgets, complicated morphing mechanism, and complex aerodynamic-wing structural interaction. Therefore, the effect of...

The geometric twist characteristic on twist morphing MAV wing has significant influence on its aerodynamic performances. Higher geometric twist magnitude induces higher lifts and drags generation. However, in order to determine the geometric twist performance, a detail analysis has to be carried out to extract the local angle of attack (AOA) value...

Performing the biomimetic morphing method on a Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) wing is very challenging tasks due to the MAV wing size limitation, limited energy budgets, complicated morphing mechanism and complex aeroelastic interactions. These issues had restricted the application of morphing wing on MAV wing platform. As a result, the impact of twist mo...

Twist Morphing (TM) wing is one of biomimetic MAV design that highly depends on morphing force actuation. Despite of vital morphing force influenced, the effect of morphing force variation on the aerodynamic performances of TM wing was not fully comprehended due to high complexity of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) behaviour. To elucidate the eff...

Twist morphing (TM) is a practical control technique in micro air vehicle (MAV) flight. However, TM wing has a lower aerodynamic efficiency (CL/CD) compared to membrane and rigid wing. This is due to massive drag penalty created on TM wing, which had overwhelmed the successive increase in its lift generation. Therefore, further CL/CDmax optimizatio...

The application of single front wheel brake can yield large deceleration on underbone motorcycle. However, the motorcycle motion potentially exposed to the nosedive effect during this application. Therefore, in order to avoid this issue, the application of concurrent brake are required. Hence, this research was carried out to understand the basic b...

The overwhelming increasing the fuel price and exhausting of fossil fuel resources in Malaysia is alarming, therefore, renewal sources of energy should be further studied. There are attempts in using biomass as renewable energy resources to produce producer gas which can be used as fuel, however, the shortcomings and inefficiencies in the available...

Twisted wing (TW) is a morphing technique that particularly suitable for a membrane wings MAV. However, the aerodynamic advantages of TW application on MAV wing scale are still needed to be explored. This is because the MAV design challenge is still concentrated in generating enough lift during flight. Thus, the present research is carried out to a...

Twisted wing (TW) is a morphing technique that particularly suitable for a membrane wings MAV. However, the aerodynamic advantages of TW application on MAV wing scale are still needed to be explored. This is because the MAV design challenge is still concentrated in generating enough lift during flight. Thus, the present research is carried out to a...

Implementing the morphing technique on a micro air vehicle (MAV) wing is a very challenging task, due to the MAV’s wing size limitation and the complex morphing mechanism. As a result, understanding aerodynamic characteristics and flow configurations, subject to wing structure deformation of a morphing wing MAV has remained obstructed. Thus, this p...

Implementing the morphing technique on an MAV wing is a very challenging task, due to the MAV's wing size limitation and the complex morphing mechanism. As a result, understanding aerodynamic characteristics and flow configurations, subjected to wing structure deformation of a morphing wing MAV has remained obstructed. Thus, this paper presents the...

In demanding of intelligence information at low altitude battlefield and confine space area, Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) has been a potential possible replacement of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Thus in this paper, a highlight of several years previous researches focusing on the monoplane fixed rigid wing MAV design is carried out. MAV design evoluti...

In demanding of intelligence information at low altitude battlefield and confine space area, micro air vehicle (MAV) has been a potential possible replacement to unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Thus in this paper, a highlight of several years previous researches focusing on the fixed rigid monoplane wing MAV design is carried out. MAV design evoluti...