Noor Azuan Abu Osman

• PhD
• Professor at University of Malaya

Lithium-ion batteries are central to contemporary energy storage systems, yet the precise estimation of critical states—state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and remaining useful life (RUL)—remains a complex challenge under dynamic and varied conditions. Conventional methodologies often fail to meet the required adaptability and precision,...

Bowling balls are traditionally drilled with three holes to enhance the grip of the bowler and roll it down the lane. The path of the ball may be either straight or curved, with the intention of knocking over the pins situated at the edge of the lane. Alterations in the trajectory of the ball lead to irregular pinfalls, ultimately affecting the pla...

Purpose] This study aimed to establish a connection between postural stability and falling in individuals with transfemoral amputation (TFA), particularly with muscle fatigue. [Participants and Methods] Fourteen participants were recruited. Muscle fatigue was induced using a sit-to-stand (STS) fatigue protocol. Pre-fatigue and post-fatigue assessme...

The aim of the present study is to investigate the complexity and stability of human ambulation and the implications on robotic prostheses control systems. Fourteen healthy individuals participate in two experiments, the first group run at three different speeds. The second group ascended and descended stairs of a five-level building block at a sel...

The smart foot prosthesis plays a crucial role in ensuring effective rehabilitation practices and making informed clinical decisions. Monitoring the device is crucial for elderly prosthetic users as they are often at a higher risk of falling. By detecting instability or irregular movement patterns in the prosthesis, the potential fall risk can be i...

The development of powered prostheses’ control systems is drifting away from discontinuous control systems based on the finite state machine (FSM), as this type of control system inherent the problem of misclassification. A great deal of research focused on model-based control systems, most widely used is the hybrid zero dynamic (HZD) which can ove...

The commercial passive prosthesis is a universal solution, but research shows the benefits of customizable foot stiffness. User-specific stiffness can reduce cost of transport (COT) and improve comfort for lower limb amputees. The impact of toe stiffness in prosthetic feet is under-researched. Advances in reinforced additive manufacturing could all...

Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a deformity that appears during rapid growth of adolescents, many factors can be linked to IS. The deformity appears as three-dimensional misalignment of the vertebrae, to this day the frontal plane radiological assessment is used for diagnosis and treatment of IS. One of the most important steps to design an active ort...

In recent years, the interest increase dramatically to develop functional prosthetic socket using additive manufacturing (AM) methods [1]. Using AM with computer-aided design (CAD) can provide a more accurate and with rapid production capability. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) one of the most accessible and affordable AM technology, when it comes...

A novel powered ankle–foot prosthesis is designed. The effect of wearing the novel prosthesis and an energy-storage-and-return (ESAR) foot on lower-limb biomechanics is investigated to preliminarily evaluate the design. With necessary auxiliary materials, a non-amputated subject (a rookie at using prostheses) is recruited to walk on level ground wi...

Tenpin bowling is a sport that requires a bowler to hit the ten pins placed at the end of 60 ft long bowling lane by rolling down a bowling ball. A bowling ball is first mapped with specific lines and later drilled with three (3) holes on it. The bowling ball is also manufactured with various cores and weight blocks that influence how it acts on th...

Increased pressure and shear stress distributions at the limb–socket interface are hypothesised to result from changes in the residual limb shape and volume, which can cause socket fit difficulties. Accurate residual limb volume measurements may aid clinicians in developing strategies to accommodate volume fluctuations. This review primarily aims t...

The present study aims to fabricate a novel multiphase ceramic-nanocomposite having giant dielectric constant and minimum dielectric loss. Under a high palletization pressure along with novel step-sintering has played a vital role to improve the porosity, reduce the density and grain-boundary resistance leading to enhanced dielectric characteristic...

The identification and prediction of athletic talent are pivotal in the development of successful sporting careers. Traditional subjective assessment methods have proven unreliable due to their inherent subjectivity, prompting the rise of data-driven techniques favoured for their objectivity. This evolution in statistical analysis facilitates the e...

Electromyography (EMG) is the process of acquiring electrical signals generated through muscle activity (contraction/relaxation). Surface EMG deliberates the amount of electrical activity in the musculoskeletal system in a non-invasive way. Under specific conditions and during certain motor activities, this signal is substantially associated with m...

Optimal lower limb prosthesis plays a key role in rehabilitation to help restore walking ability following major limb amputations. The use of wearable sensors in prosthetic gait assessment offers a robust approach to analyze movement biomechanics of lower limb amputees in a variety of setups. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) te...

Prosthetic alignment is a highly subjective process that is still based on clinical judgments. Thus, researchers have aimed their effort to quantify prosthetic alignment by providing an objective method that can assist and guide prosthetists in achieving transtibial (TT) prosthetic alignment. This systematic review aimed to examine the current lite...

Assessment of the prosthetic gait is an important clinical approach to evaluate the quality and functionality of the prescribed lower limb prosthesis as well as to monitor rehabilitation progresses following limb amputation. Limited access to quantitative assessment tools generally affects the repeatability and consistency of prosthetic gait assess...

Background and Study Aim. Established studies show that athletes with longer fingers and broader hand surfaces have more muscular grips. Therefore, some research studies have examined various contributing factors and anthropometric characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hand dimensions and selected anthropomet...

This research aims to identify talented skateboarding athletes with reference to their bio-fitness indicators. A total of 45 skateboarders (23.09 ± 5.41 years) who were playing for recreational purposes were recruited for the study. Standard assessment of their bio-fitness as well as their skateboarding performances was performed. The bio-fitness i...

This study aims to investigate the effect of different input images, namely raw data (RAW) and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) towards the discriminating of street skateboarding tricks, i.e., Ollie, Kickflip, Shove-it, Nollie and Frontside 180 through a variety of transfer learning with optimised k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) pipelines. Six amateur...

Dynamics models are widely used in analyzing kinematics and kinetics analysis. Dynamic modeling and simulation can be useful in estimating the torques/forces produced in the limb during various motions, as well as any potential dangers. The aim of this research is to examine the method that is preferable in analyzing the dynamic model of the upper...

Increased pressure and shear stress distributions at the limb-socket interface are hypothesised to be resulted from the changes in residual limb shape and volume, which can cause socket fit difficulties. Accurate residual limb volume measurements may aid clinicians in developing strategies to accommodate volume fluctuations. This review primarily a...

Acrylic and epoxy are common types of resin used in fabricating sockets. Different types of resin will affect the internal surface of a laminated socket. This paper is to determine the best combination of ratio for epoxy and acrylic resin for a laminated prosthesis socket and to evaluate the surface profile analysis of different combinations of lam...

Introduction: Muscle fatigue can reduce body balance and activity of daily living tasks. Therefore, this study aims to identify the correlation between postural stability and fall risk due to muscle fatigue. The components in postural stability include Overall Stability Index (OSI), Anterior-Posterior Stability Index (APSI), and Mediolateral Stabil...

3D printing is the most suitable method to manufacture the frame parts of powered ankle-foot prostheses but the compressive strength of the 3D-printed part needs to be ensured. According to the compression test standard ASTM D695, the effect of infill pattern and density, which is transferred to the mass of the standard specimen, on the compressive...

The assessment techniques used for people who experience muscular issues, regardless of the cause, are crucial to resolve the issue and fill the gap left by the deficiency in their muscles. The amputees’ demands in their rehabilitation process are made more evident by evaluating the residual limb muscles. The time-varying muscle activity of the amp...

A powered transfemoral prosthesis is needed as people with transfemoral amputation show 60 percent extra metabolic cost when compared to people with no amputation. Recently, as illustrated in the literature, the most high-torque robotic knee prosthesis utilize harmonic reducers. Despite the advantage of high reduction ratio and efficiency, the harm...

The non-complexity of tennis, coupled with its health benefits, renders it appealing and encourages varying competitions at different levels of age, gender, and expertise. However, the rapid increase in the participation rates witnesses a surge in injury occurrences, prompting the need for in-depth analysis to facilitate immediate intervention. We...

Without proper preparation by higher institutions, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the world to rely on online learning. Even students of social science and science are looking for different knowledge and skills. Currently, both groups rely on the same method to gather knowledge for future undertakings. Given the uncertainty regarding the resoluti...

Recent developments in sports technology have enabled sports engineers to utilise the availability of inertial measurement units (IMUs) to develop a customised system for data collection during sports performances. Ensuring the reliability of such a system is essential for objective data collection and transmission of information that coaches could...

Planar spiral spring is important for the dimensional miniaturisation of motor-based elastic actuators. However, when the stiffness calculation of the spring arm is based on simple beam bending theory, the results possess substantial errors compared with the stiffness obtained from finite-element analysis (FEA). It deems that the errors arise from...

Slope erosion and shallow failures occur in developed areas in Malaysia as a result of the natural vegetation removal, resulting in soil disturbance and greater exposure of bare ground. The use of bioengineering techniques through vegetation is a preferred solution to these problems by providing cover from rainfall and reinforcing the soil through...

A novel powered ankle–foot prosthesis (RoMicP™) is designed for heavy amputees. A novel elastic actuator, namely, a unidirectional parallel elastic actuator with series elastic element (SE+UPEA), is implemented by the employment of a harmonic reducer and a two-level cable-drive system and the application of planar torsional springs. The results of...

Individuals with transfemoral amputation continue to face mobility challenges despite the advancements in prosthetics technology. Generally, a mechanical prosthetic knee joint is prescribed to replace the important role of the anatomic knee joint in providing an effective walking process. However, research on assessing the biomechanical advantages...

Background: Human walking has been extensively studied but less research has been done on the gait of trilateral amputee. Trilateral amputee is a person with three missing limbs. This study investigates the effect of upper limb prostheses on vertical ground reaction force of a trilateral amputee during level walking. A subject with bilateral transr...

This study explored the factors influencing students’ willingness to continue with the online learning system during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by adopting the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) theory. This study also incorporated e-learning readiness, performance, and satisfaction as mediators. The present study employed the p...

Introduction: Virtual Reality has recently become a popular application for rehabilitation and motor control research. This technology has emerged as a valid addition to conventional therapy and promises a successful rehabilitation. This study describes recent research related to the use of virtual reality applications in the rehabilitation of ind...

Elastic actuators are broadly applied in the design of the powered ankle-foot prosthesis, so it is a significant task to select and optimize a suitable elastic actuator. Dynamic models of seven kinds of elastic actuators are constructed from a two-degrees-of-freedom vibration system in rotation. With input parameters from sound ankle data during wa...

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has caused Malaysian education institutions to embrace online learning due to the Movement Control Order (MCO) and closure of universities. By adopting the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theory, this study aims to identify the factors influencing students’ attitudes to continue online learning. Since attitude can...

One problem in the field of robotic prostheses’ control is the generation of dynamic trajectories to be tracked by a low-level control system. In this work we are suggesting a combinational approach to estimate the foot trajectory for a robotic below-knee prostheses. The two-stage estimation is to identify foot angular speed based on tibia angular...

Objectives: The objective of this study is to find out the relationship of the type of prosthetic liner materials and the usage of the prosthesis on the satisfaction of the transtibial prosthesis user in term of positional pain and discomfort. Patients and Methods: This study included 50 transtibial amputees that using transtibial prosthesis (29 ma...

A poster presentation at The 11th Asia-Pacific Conference on Biomechanics- Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. The presentation focus on the possibility and advantage of utilizing type-2 fuzzy control system to achieve robust control system in face of the gait uncertainties.

The popularity of modern tennis has contributed to the increasing number of participants at both recreational and competitive levels. The influx of numerous tennis participants has resulted in a wave of injury occurrences of different types and magnitudes across both male and female players. Since tennis injury harms both players’ economic and care...

Muscle fatigue is a decline in muscle maximum force during contraction and can influence the fall risk among people. This study is aimed at identifying the effect of fatigue on prospective fall risk in transfemoral amputees (TFA). Fourteen subjects were involved in this study with TFA (34.7±8.1 yrs, n=7) and normal subjects (31.1±7.4 yrs, n=7). Fat...

Most transtibial prosthesis users always experience pain sensation at the distal of the residual limb due to bony prominences and nerve endings. Many initiatives have been taken to resolve this problem, including using softer materials such as silicone or gel liner and designing a distal off load prosthetic socket. Another promising approach is to...

Modern indoor volleyball has evolved into a high-level strength sport and is seen as one of the most popular open-skilled team sports. The nature of the sport as an open-based skill requires players to have a high degree of both psychological skill and physical ability to cope with the sport's externally and internally induced pace. The purposes of...

This study aims at classifying flat ground tricks, namely Ollie, Kickflip, Shove-it, Nollie and Frontside 180, through the identification of significant input image transformation on different transfer learning models with optimized Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. A total of six amateur skateboarders (20 ± 7 years of age with at least 5.0...

One problem in the field of robotic prostheses’ control is the generation of dynamic trajectories to be tracked by a low-level control system. In this work we are suggesting a combinational approach to estimate the foot trajectory for a robotic below-knee prostheses. The two-stage estimation is to identify foot angular speed based on tibia angular...

A novel powered ankle-foot prosthesis (RoMicP™) is designed for heavy amputees. A novel elastic actuator, namely, a unidirectional parallel elastic actuator with series elastic element (SE+UPEA), is implemented by the employment of a harmonic reducer and a two-level cable-drive system and the application of planar torsional springs. The results of...

In this chapter, we investigated the influence of technical and tactical performance indicators in determining the match outcome, i.e. medallists and non-medallists during an indoor volleyball competition. A set of performance indicators, namely the ability to block, spike as well as tap, are shown to be essential in determining the chances of a te...

This chapter explored the importance of certain psychological strategic elements in the prediction of players performance during the indoor volleyball tournament. It has been demonstrated from the study findings that competitional strategic variables that constituted imagery, self-talk, activation, automaticity as well as emotional control are show...

In this chapter, we delve into the importance of certain anthropometric- and age-related variables in the detection of high-performance players during an indoor volleyball tournament. It is demonstrated that high-performance players in this sport are essentially taller, relatively younger, as well as slightly heavier, whilst huge body size coupled...

This chapter presents the overview, nature, and history of the volleyball sport. The chapter also highlights the performance-related parameters that contribute to the successful delivery of performance in this sport. The recent advances in the application of various machine learning models towards solving the classification and regression problems...

This chapter highlights the contribution of certain training psychological strategic elements in the prediction of players performance during the indoor volleyball tournament. It has been demonstrated from the study findings that training strategic variables that included attentional control, imagery, relaxation, activation, goal setting, emotional...

This chapter shall provide the summary of the analysis carried out, draws the conclusion of the findings as well as provides some insight into the future direction of the study.

In this chapter, we examine the importance of key competitive psychological strategic elements that could be used to identify high-performance players in elite indoor men volleyball tournaments. It is demonstrated that a set of competitional psychological strategic elements, namely self-talk, activation, imagery, emotion control, automaticity, rela...

One of the major challenges in developing powered lower limb prostheses is emulating the behavior of an intact lower limb with different walking speeds over diverse terrains. Numerous studies have been conducted on control algorithms in the field of rehabilitation robotics to achieve this overarching goal. Recent studies on powered prostheses have...

Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of virtual reality as an effective teaching tool for motor training. Despite the growing interest in this field, only a few studies have determined the validity of the tasks made in virtual environments to real physical environments. This case-control study compares the score of pick and place activi...

In this paper, a unique Armalcolite-PDMS-based flexible capacitive humidity sensor is designed by using spin coating technique, which uses interdigitated gold (Au) electrode and ultrathin (~80 μm) flexible polyimide substrate. The structural and morphological properties of the Armalcolite nanocomposite are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) a...

Students' Attitude Towards online Learning- The Effect of Satisfaction and Perceived Performance in COVID-19 Pandemic

Three-dimensional (3D) knee angle measurement is one of the key measures in human gaitanalysis. Inertial sensor capable of measuring joint motion under unconstrained conditions is a practical toolfor clinical evaluation and rehabilitation. An inertial measurement unit (IMU) consisting of accelerometerand gyroscope allows orientation measurement in...

Electromyography signal has been used widely as input for prosthetic’s leg movements. C-Leg, for example, is among the prosthetics devices that use electromyography as the main input. The main challenge facing the industrial party is the position of the electromyography sensor as it is fixed inside the socket. The study aims to investigate the best...

This study aims to investigate the effect of soft skills and ethics and value on the employers’ willingness to continue recruiting Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) graduates, together with the moderating effect of knowledge on the relationship between soft skills and the employers’ willingness to continue recruiting UMT graduates. The study’s r...

This brief highlights the use of various Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to evaluate training and competitional strategies in Volleyball, as well as to identify high-performance players in the sport. Several psychological elements/strategies coupled with human performance parameters are discussed in view to ascertain their impact on performance in...

A systematic review of the mechanical design of powered ankle-foot prostheses developed from 2000 to 2019 was conducted through database and manual searches. A total of 10 English and two Chinese databases were searched using the same keywords. Moreover, information on commercialized prostheses was collected through a manual search. A total of 8,72...

Reusable and eco-friendly poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitin/nanocellulose based biopolymer composite films were synthesized and characterized. Maleic acid (MA) was used as a crosslinker of the biopolymer composite film. The effect of constituent materials of the biopolymer composite film and the pH on removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous testin...

The skateboarding scene has arrived at new statures, particularly with its first appearance at the now delayed Tokyo Summer Olympic Games. Hence, attributable to the size of the game in such competitive games, progressed creative appraisal approaches have progressively increased due consideration by pertinent partners, particularly with the enthusi...

Composites in Biomedical Applications presents a comprehensive overview on recent developments in composites and their use in biomedical applications. It features cutting-edge developments to encourage further advances in the field of composite research. Highlights a completely new research theme in polymer-based composite materials Outlines a bro...

The conservative techniques of treating knee osteoarthritis (kOA) include wearing orthoses such as knee braces and laterally wedged insoles and applying gait modification techniques such as toe-in gait and toe-out gait. This study aimed at assessing the immediate effects of these techniques in improving physical function of healthy and kOA particip...

Many studies have shown that medical compression products produce different levels of interface pressure during the usage of the products. However, limited studies have explored the pattern of interface pressure exerted by orthotic garments. This case study aimed to investigate the pattern of interface pressure exerted by two types of orthotic garm...

The evaluation of skateboarding tricks is commonly carried out subjectively through the prior experience of the panel of judges during skateboarding competitions. Hence, this technique evaluation is often impartial to a certain degree. This study aims at classifying flat ground tricks namely Ollie, Kickflip, Shove-it, Nollie and Frontside 180 throu...

In powered ankle–foot prostheses, multilevel hierarchical control systems are usually used with predetermined parameters (tuned during the prosthesis trial). Therefore, control systems cannot adaptively interact with terrains variation where control systems is most effective for ground level walking and less effective for ascending or descending st...

s Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is very prevalent in the field of orthopaedics, particularly in sports. Different parameters can be used to forecast an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACLR) patient’s health condition. The aim of this research is to use Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MTS) methodology to identify useful biomechanical variables fro...

Individuals with transtibial amputation exhibit altered movement strategy to sustain stability during quiet standing due to reduced proprioception on the amputated limb. The aim of this study is to determine the movement strategies in anterior–posterior and medial–lateral directions in predicting the overall postural stability. In this crossover st...

Hypoxia, which is the result of disrupted vasculature, can be categorized in the main limiting factors for fracture healing. Oxygen lack can cause cell apoptosis, tissue necrosis and late tissue healing. Remedying hypoxia by supplying additional oxygen, will majorly accelerate bone healing. In this study, Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds...

Service is assumed important in table tennis because an effective service may allow the serving player to control over the game; hence, the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of arm segment rotations towards ball impact during forehand service. Sixteen shake-hand grip collegiate table tennis athletes had participated in the study....

In recent years, polymeric adsorbent is gaining more interest over classical adsorbents such as clays and activated carbon due to its tunable physicochemical properties, structural diversity, reusability and selectivity. Therefore, the aim of this article is to summarize the available information on the adsorption studies of dyes using PVA and PVA-...

In the quest on improving composite formulations for environmental sustainability, maleic acid (MA) cross‐linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐α‐chitin composites reinforced by oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers (OPEFB)‐derived nanocellulose crystals (NCC) had been successfully prepared. Based on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analy...

The feedback from the prosthetic user population is important as it is a part of the process to improve the current technology and ongoing rehabilitation. Thus, the relationship between mobility and life participation in adults with lower extremity conditions needs further investigation. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship be...

Gait analysis is recognized as a method used in quantifying gait disorders and in clinical evaluations of patients. However, the current guidelines for the evaluation of post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patient outcomes are primarily based on qualitative assessments. This study aims to apply gait analyses and mathematical, inde...