Nizamuddin Sabzoi

Engineering institute of technology (EIT) · Chemical and Process Engineering

This study introduces a new thermo-chemical conversion technique, solvothermal carbonization on rice husk with alcoholic solvents, ethanol, and isopropanol (IPA) at a low temperature, 280℃ with 2 h reaction time to produce innovative char, solvochar. Solvochars were hierarchically activated by potassium hydroxide (KOH), impregnated with silver nano...

Over the past few decades, there has been extensive research into the development of waste-biomass-derived adsorbents due to their sustainable nature, cost-effectiveness, and ability to manage waste effectively. Therefore, this study focused on improving the adsorption properties of rice husk, an agricultural residue, using a novel solvothermal and...

Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Bioelectrochemical Systems covers advancements in nanomaterial and nanocomposite applications for microbial fuel cells. One of the advantages of using microbial fuel cells is the simultaneous treatment of wastewater and the generation of electricity from complex organic waste and biomass, which demonstr...

Polymer-modified bitumen undergoes phase separation during storage due to a lack of compatibility between the polymers and bitumen. However, phase separation can be minimized via the addition of various compatibilizers. This study investigated low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-modified bitumen blends at 3, 6, 9, and 12% concentration of LDPE sourced...

The city of Sialkot in Pakistan is a hub of leather tanneries, with approximately 260 tanneries in operation and, while producing millions of leather products per day, the city discharges millions of gallons of untreated effluent into drains each day. In order to devise a cost-effective system for the treatment of tannery wastewater, a floating tre...

This book examines a wide range of emerging sources off water pollution. It consists of thirteen chapters dedicated to the topic, giving readers comprehensive information about the types of materials involved and the solution for their removal. The first five chapters present an analysis of the emerging water pollutants, their toxicities, legislati...

This book examines a wide range of emerging sources off water pollution. It consists of thirteen chapters dedicated to the topic, giving readers comprehensive information about the types of materials involved and the solution for their removal. The first five chapters present an analysis of the emerging water pollutants, their toxicities, legislati...

To improve future agricultural production, major technological advances are required to increase crop production and yield. Targeting the coding region of genes via the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated Protein (CRISPR/Cas) system has been well established and has enabled the rapid generation of transgene-f...

This paper studies an adjacent accumulation discrete grey model to improve the prediction of the grey model and enhance the utilization of new data. The impact of COVID-19 on the global economy is also discussed. Two cases are discussed to prove the stability of the adjacent accumulation discrete grey model, which helped the studied model attain hi...

Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas (CRISPR-associated proteins) genome editing system have rapidly gained popularity both for plant breeding and biomedical applications. Up to now, the potential of in vivo delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 components to reach desired cells hinders its applications in the cont...

Heavy metal ions contamination, a threat to ecological balance, aquatic life, and human health, co-exists in water bodies and soil systems such as mining sites, tanneries, petrochemical refineries, pesticide, fertilizer, construction, chemical industries, and others. In this study, raw rice husk and potassium hydroxide (KOH) activated novel rice hu...

Pavement recycling is actively applied on asphalt roads due to ageing problems associated with bituminous binders when exposed to weathering and trafficking during their service life. Recycling of asphalt occurs through rejuvenator agents. This study utilised bio-oil produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of waste plastic films (linear low-density...

Toxic cationic dyes are used in different textile industries. When the colour interacts with the sunlight, it causes incomplete photosynthesis, inhibiting aquatic organisms’ growth and disrupting gas permeability in the water system. In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared to employ acetylene and hydrogen as precursor gases in a microwa...

Food waste (FW) is a primary constituent of solid waste and its adequate management is a global challenge. Instead of disposal in landfills, integrated treatment of FW with wastewater (WW) can diminish both environmental and economic burdens. Utilizing steady-state modelling and life cycle assessment techniques, this study investigated the prospect...

Nanomaterialshave been gaining interests for their numerous uses in different fields such as electronics, automotive, biomedical, and aerospace. Nanomaterials having extremely exceptional properties in thermal stability, catalytic, adsorption, and mechanical strength depend mainly on size, diameter, and morphology. Based on their widespread approac...

Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) has been practiced for decades to convert waste into value-added energy products, especially biogas. This study aimed to assess the potential of biogenic methane (CH4) production from the co-digestion of pretreated cotton gin trash (CGT), cow manure, and sludge. CGT contains high cellulosic content, making it a reliabl...

An abundance of wastes is created through the commercial manufacturing processes, industries, and municipal wastelands. Growing concerns over minimal environmental harm have caused immense awareness over recycling plastic waste materials which pose a huge danger to the ecosystem. The municipal waste disposal is a major concern globally for the envi...

he green nanocomposite materials, especially nanocomposites derived from biomass resources, have attracted several environmental remediation applications. One of the major applications of these nanocomposite materials is the wastewater treatment. These nanocomposites come with engineered functional groups, high porosity, active sites, characteristi...

Due to the growing environmental concerns and resource depletion, the need for sustainable materials is increasing rapidly. In this crisis of environmental pollution, green and pollution-free materials are much more required. Green nanocomposites are the materials to fulfill all the prerequisites of sustainable and pollution-free material. Green po...

Production and consumption of plastic have increased over the past decades, hence generating a large amount of waste with limited ways of dealing with it efficiently. The generation of waste tyre rubber has increased globally due to rapid industrialization and automobile industry development. This chapter investigated how the use of innovative comp...

Aerogel is a special type of porous material with many outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as low density, high porosity, high surface area, and adjustable surface chemistry. Thanks to the latest advances in the synthesis of different types of aerogels, the feasibility of this porous material in several applications has been widely e...

Major agricultural solid waste, rice husk (RH)-based mesoporous materials were prepared by potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment of RH and RH hydrochar (RHH) produced at 180 °C with 20 min reaction time. In this study, RH was treated with three different methods: RH activation by KOH (KOH-RH), RH activation by KOH-aqueous silver (Ag)-shell nanopartic...

Hydrothermal liquefaction technology carried out on local Malaysian oil palm fronds (OPF) in a batch autoclave reactor to produce solid bio-char as well as liquid bio-oil is reported in this study. The parameters taken in consideration for study encapsulated variable reaction temperature (160–260 °C) and reaction times (20–100 min). Observations sh...

Oil spills are a major contributor to water contamination, which sets off a significant impact on the environment, biodiversity, and economy. Efficient removal of oil spills is needed for the protection of marine species as well as the environment. Conventional approaches are not efficient enough for oil-water separation; therefore, effective strat...

The failure of bituminous pavements takes place due to heavy traffic loads and weather-related conditions, such as moisture, temperature, and UV radiation. To overcome or minimize such failures, a great effort has been put in recent years to enhance the material properties of bitu-men, ultimately improving field performance and increasing the pavem...

The concept of green chemistry has attracted the attention due to green synthesis and ecofriendly nature of the compounds leading to the green and sustainable chemical industries and processes. Chitosan is an ecofriendly material, which is biodegradable, non-toxic, and biocompatible. It has the potential to be modified into biofilms for various app...

This study introduces a novel concept of polymer/rice straw hydrochar composite incorporation at different loadings (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%), produced from microwave-induced hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of rice straw to polylactide (PLA) for production of polylactide/hydrochar (PLA/HC) composites. Higher storage modulus was found for PLA/HC comp...

Supercapacitors are widely used as electrical energy storage devices as a backup in industry power appliances and also in household appliances. The use of carbonaceous material in developing supercapacitors results in a lower energy storage capacity but is accompanied by the desire for higher stability. Meanwhile, the application of metal oxides or...

Synthesis of hybrid nanomaterials in the lab-scale frequently involves complex processing and often is not able to be adopted in the industry without major enhancements for its commercial production. This research is focused on a convenient route for the fabrication of chitosan-supported magnetically recoverable carbon bio-nanocomposites by functio...

In this work, the effect of ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment on the pyrolytic behavior of lignite was analyzed through examining reactivity, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters. Pretreatment of lignite with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate ([Bmim][MeSO4]) was carried out at 150 °C and 30 min followed by thermal analysis under an inert env...

The increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions in the atmosphere has been contributing to the global warming, leading to climate change. CO2 capture and conversion technologies have received attention for removal of CO2. Several technologies, such as cryogenic separation, absorption, membrane separation, and adsorption, are being researched to...

Novel magnetic bio-nanocomposites were fabricated using polypropylene (PP) as polymer matrix and graphene supported magnetic carbon nanocomposite (MCNC, produced by solvothermal carbonization co-precipitation route integrating low-cost graphene, renewable biomass and iron oxide nanoparticles) serving as filler by incorporating nano-fillers of loadi...

In this study, an experimental investigation of pure bioethanol production from the waste biomass of the most significant cultivated feedstock (oil palm and rubber-wood) in Malaysia and life cycle cost analysis of bioethanol-gasoline blend on Malaysian transportation sector has been demonstrated. The experimental investigations presented all the st...

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and its parameters show a significant role in the quality of HTC products and the distribution of yield. The present study investigates the optimal conditions that are suitable to produce maximum yield products of solid, liquid, and gas, from HTC of oil palm trunk (OPT), by following the Taguchi method. Moreover, al...

Recent years have witnessed rise in the production of microbial fermentation of metabolites and proteins for industrial applications. The innovative method aims to improve the conventional batch fermentation and the separation. Furthermore, the idea of downstream processing of the target product enhances the efficiency of the overall process and ma...

Numerous contaminants in huge amounts are discharged to the environment from various anthropogenic activities. Waterbodies are one of the major receivers of these contaminants. The contaminated water can pose serious threats to humans and animals, by distrubing the ecosystem. In treating the contaminated water, adsorption processes have attained si...

The objective of this study is the applications of hybrid magnetic nanocomposites as catalyst as well as an adsorbent. Four magnetic nanocomposites (graphene and chitosan based) were fabricated using single pot solvothermal carbonization co-precipitation (STCC) route by integrating biomass functionalized with iron oxide nanoparticles. All hybrid na...

Many road construction and maintenance projects are increasingly using recycled material as pavement material. Most of the times, generic sustainability evaluations are ascribed to recycled products without fully considering their performance. The potential environmental benefits of various alternatives can be analytically evaluated with Life Cycle...

Malaysian oil palm industry produces a significant amount of oil palm residue as solid wastes. These solid wastes are comprised of oil palm residue which contains the stem, fronds from the farms, empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fibre (MF), and palm kernel shell (PKS) from the oil palm–processing factories. These residues are not successfully reus...

The extraction of concentrated volatile oils from various plant species is generally carried out by hydrodistillation technique. However, this hydrodistillation technique is expensive owing to more solvent and energy consumption. In this study, effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment prior to hydrodistillation on extraction of Cinnamomum cassia bark oil...

Petroleum, coal, and natural gas reservoir were depleting continuously due to an increase in industrialization, which enforced study to identify alternative sources. The next option is renewable resources which are most important for energy purpose coupled with environmental problem reduction. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have become a promising app...

Industrial effluents contain several organic and inorganic contaminants. Among others, dyes and heavy metal introduce a serious threat to drinking water bodies. These pollutants can be noxious, or carcinogenic in nature, and can be harmful to mankind and different aquatic species. Therefore, it is of high importance to remove heavy metals and dyes...

This study aims to investigate the role of water and ethanol in ethanol/water mixed solvent system, co-liquefaction of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) to produce high quality bio-oil. It was revealed that various ethanol/water mixing ratios will lead to various reaction mechanisms, which indicates that there is a clear...

Roads play a crucial role in the economic development of nations; reconstruction, resurfacing, or rehabilitation of the current roads result in the milling of approximately 120 million tons of asphalt pavement every year. Due to the significant volume of resources involved, road agencies constantly trade-off among economic, performance and environm...

The bio-oil was upgraded in sub-supercritical ethanol using metal supported platinum on activated carbon (Pt/AC) and palladium on activated carbon (Pd/AC) as catalysts. The supercritical upgrading process revealed more effective process compared to the subcritical conditions. Esterification during catalytic upgrading of bio-oil remained prominent w...

Currently, nanotechnology is referred to be the highest porosity research sectors in several countries because of its vast potentiality and commercial impact. Nanotechnology includes the investigation, development, fabrication, and processing of structures and materials on a nanoscale in several fields of science, health care, agriculture, technolo...

Degradation of amines is a significant issue allied to amine-based carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption in post-combustion CO2 capture. It becomes essential to have a detailed understanding of degradation products for advanced post-combustion CO2 capture technology. Identification and quantification of degradation products of amines help in practicabili...

The on-going shrinkage in the size of electronic devices and the high-power generation of electrical appliances have led to new challenges in insulating polymers for packaging applications. The main aim of this review is to study fabrication of polymer composites coupled with improved electrical properties and thermal resistivity, with lower dielec...

This work presented the preparation of two new systems comprised of ionic liquids (ILs), organic solvent, and cuprous salt. Consequently, their absorption ability was investigated for propylene (C3H6) and propane (C3H8) and their mixtures at 100 kPa – 700 kPa pressure and 298 K‐318 K temperature. Representative ILs were 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium...

Substantial discharge of hazardous substances, especially dyes and heavy metal ions to the environment, has become a global concern due to many industries neglecting the environmental protocols in waste management. A massive discharge of contaminantsfrom different anthropogenic activities, can pose alarming threats to living species and adverse eff...

This study aims to investigate the co-liquefaction of high-density polyethylene (PE) and low density polyethylene bags (PB) with sugarcane bagasse (SCB) in supercritical ethanol solvent. The effect of blending ratios of SCB/PB and SCB/PE is studied. Results indicate that blending ratio of low density plastic bags and high-density polyethylene impac...

Physical and thermodynamic properties of physical or chemical solvents are of utmost importance for mass and heat transfer calculations, process design and solvent regeneration. In recent times, machine learning has attracted interest for application in several fields of engineering sciences. The ionic liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorop...

The recent implication of circular economy in Australia spurred the demand for waste material utilization for value-added product generations on a commercial scale. Therefore, this experimental study emphasized on agricultural waste biomass, rice husk (RH) as potential feedstock to produce valuable products. Rice husk biochar (RB) was obtained at t...

Catalytic co-liquefaction of high-density polyethylene and sugarcane bagasse over metal salt and oxide catalysts in ethanol solvent was investigated. The obtained bio-oil samples were analyzed and characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultimate analysis (CHNS/O), Fourier transform infrared s...

Abundant CO2 emissions from industries and the transportation sector cause an alarming threat to the planet due to overwhelming concerns over CO2 induced climate change. To resolve this tremendous environmental pollution, the long-term solution for CO2 mitigation exists in the conversion of CO2 into value-added products through catalysis. Among sev...

Microalgae have been preferred as an excellent candidate for edible bio-oil production in recent decades due to the abundant cellular polyunsaturated fatty acid, high photosynthetic rate, and biomass productivity and significant amount of oil extraction superior to terrestrial oleaginous crops. This chapter discusses suitable microalgae candidates...

Polylactide (PLA) is considered as an environmentally friendly substitute of various petroleum-based polymers on account of its renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and excellent thermo-mechanical properties. Despite having numerous advantages of PLA, PLA application has not been commercialized yet due to certain limitations such as lo...

Nanotextiles are emerging engineered materials for textile industry. However, the exposure of these materials possesses risks to health, environment, and sustainability. It has been observed that nanosized materials from commercial textiles are released during their washing and/or abrasive exposure, which cause their accumulation in waterbodies and...

The accelerating energy demand all over the world and the fast depletion of fossil fuels have spurred the need for alternative energy sources for the survival of future generations. Hence, biofuel production attracted significant attention in this era. Besides energy generation, positive environmental impact has been appeared as one of the most inf...

This study deals with an experimental investigation to assess the characteristics of a modified common rail direct injection (cRDi) engine utilizing diesel, Mahua biodiesel, and their blends with synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nano additives. The physicochemical properties of diesel, diesel + 30 ppm ZnO nanoparticles (D10030), 20% Mahua biodiesel (MO...

Nanomaterials have attained significant applications in textile materials. Nanomaterials provide several functional, physical, chemical, mechanical and electrical properties to the textiles. These characteristics make textile materials suitable for a variety of applications. Nanotextile materials have been tested for applications in corrosive envir...

Roads serve as a backbone of developing economies; thousands of kilometres of new roads are built every year and old ones are continuously repaired. Due to the large areal extension, maintenance of asphalt pavements generates significant economic, energy, social, and environmental impacts. ‘Rejuvenation’ of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in roads...

Due to the rapid growth in the heavy metal-based industries, their effluent and local dumping have created significant environmental issues. In the past, typically, removal of heavy metals was handled by reverse osmosis and ion exchange techniques, but these methods have many disadvantages. Therefore, extensive work into the development of improved...

Photo-Fenton oxidation is one of the most promising processes to remove recalcitrant contaminants from industrial wastewater. In this study, we developed a novel heterogeneous catalyst to enhance photo-Fenton oxidation. Multi-composition (Fe-Cu-Zn) on aluminosilicate zeolite (ZSM-5) was prepared using a chemical process. Subsequently, the synthesiz...