Nityanand Jain

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Verified

Nityanand verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• Medical Doctor (MD), PhD (Biomedical Sciences/Medicine - Incoming Student)
• Lecturer at Riga Stradiņš University

Objective Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a difficult-to-manage nosocomial pathogen, poses a serious threat to clinical outcomes in intensive care (ICU) patients due to its high antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To promote effective management, it is essential to investigate the genomic and phenotypic differences in AMR expression of the isolates. Methods A...

Background and importance Syringomyelia, or the formation of fluid-filled cysts within the spinal cord, associated with delayed spinal arachnoiditis is an uncommon complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. To date, about 18 cases have been reported in medical literature, with just two reported in patients under the age of 35 years. Clin...

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder with a diverse spectrum of clinical presentation, often determined by inherited βS gene haplotypes. Ghana, a country with a significant SCD burden, lacks population haplotype frequency data, hindering anthropological, genetic, and clinical understanding and management of the disease. A prospective sam...

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis carries an increased risk of biliovascular injuries. Fluorescence cholangiography (FC) is a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of FC in delineating EHBD anatomy, both before and after dissec...

Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic condition caused by abnormal neuronal excitability in the nervous system. Current treatments for NP are often ineffective or poorly tolerated. Hence, we reviewed the efficacy and safety of novel drugs or devices that target neuronal excitability in NP patients compared with placebo, sham, or usual care...

Morton's neuroma is a chronic difficult to manage condition often requiring surgical intervention. The results of observational and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that conservative infiltrative therapies may be effective. Nevertheless, data synthesis has been constrained by the paucity of RCTs and the variability in study protocols...

Bayesian Prior Selection Sensitivity Analysis for VAS pain reduction following alcohol- and corticosteroid-based injections for Morton's Neuroma. Also included are Influential Study (Sensitivity) analysis for VAS pain reduction, patient satisfaction, and therapeutic failure rates.

Smoking remains a significant public health issue in Europe, with elective surgery offering a key opportunity for intervention. Knowledge gaps exist around its prevalence and the optimal timing for preoperative cessation to improve outcomes, despite current guidelines recommend smoking cessation up to six weeks prior to surgery. This study aims to...

Asthma and atopic dermatitis are common allergic conditions that contribute to substantial health loss, economic burden, and pain across individuals of all ages worldwide. Therefore, as a component of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we present updated estimates of the prevalence, disability-adjusted life-...

Background: Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA), also known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN IV), is an exceedingly rare genetic disorder characterized by the inability to perceive pain, inability to sweat, and various neurological and orthopaedic complications. Case Presentation: This is a case repor...

Background There is low-certainty evidence on the impact of extended pharmacological prophylaxis on venous thromboembolism-associated morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of extended prophylaxis after major abdominopelvic surgery for the prevention of clinically relevant venous thromboembolism afte...

Background: Suicide helpline services (SHSs) are viewed as an essential part of suicide prevention. In the context of increased demand experienced by the services through the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as reduced funding, we aimed to evaluate such services to help assess their effectiveness and resilience. // Methods: This multinational cross-sect...

Background Breast cancer associated mortality in Africa remains high due to poor survival rates, varying widely across countries. Despite medical advancements, barriers like limited access to early detection and treatment persist. This meta-analysis offers a crucial update on 5-year survival trends and influencing factors across continental Africa....

Summary Background Diarrhoeal diseases claim more than 1 million lives annually and are a leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years. Comprehensive global estimates of the diarrhoeal disease burden for specific age groups of children younger than 5 years are scarce, and the burden in children older than 5 years and in adults is also un...

Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) refers to the long-term sequalae that follow successful treatment of tuberculosis (TB), characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function. PTLD can severely impact patient’s clinical presentation and overall quality of life (QoL). Our prospective pilot study investigates the impact of...

Introduction: Adjustable wraps are a revolutionary avenue in compression therapy because of their ease of application and removal, as well as their ability to be manipulated and readjusted, particularly in older adult patients with leg ulcers. Methods: We analyzed the physical and clinical features of a new adjustable wrap marketed by Vein Care, In...

Background : Smoking is the leading behavioural risk factor for mortality globally, accounting for more than 175 million deaths and nearly 4·30 billion years of life lost (YLLs) from 1990 to 2021. The pace of decline in smoking prevalence has slowed in recent years for many countries, and although strategies have recently been proposed to achieve t...

Up-to-date estimates of stroke burden and attributable risks and their trends at global, regional, and national levels are essential for evidence-based health care, prevention, and resource allocation planning. We aimed to provide such estimates for the period 1990–2021. We estimated incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (...

Migraine is a common neurological disorder contributing significantly to global disability. Nano-curcumin, known for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, has emerged as a promising candidate for migraine prophylaxis. Herein, we assessed the effects of nano-curcumin supplementation on headache attack, severity, and duration in adult...

Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) refers to the long-term sequalae that follow successful treatment of tuberculosis (TB), characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function. PTLD can severely impact patient’s clinical presentation and overall quality of life (QoL). Our prospective pilot study investigates the impact of...

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a severe form of sickle cell disease (SCD), a group of inherited disorders affecting red blood cells. Given the rising global disease burden and the complex and often unpredictable clinical outcomes observed in these patients, there is a need for the development of reliable methods to predict disease severity. Our study...

Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (SISMAD) is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain, but could potentially be fatal to patients, and should be recognized soon in the emergency department after excluding other common causes. Computed tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for initial diagnosis and follow-up. Currently ther...

Uterine arteriovenous malformations (UAVMs) are rare and abnormal entanglements of uterine arteries and veins that are potentially fatal, requiring blood transfusions in about a third of cases. Although the optimal management of the condition is not well established in the literature, surgical hysterectomy is believed to be the only definitive trea...

Background: This study aims to estimate the burden, trends, forecasts, and disparities of early musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders among individuals ages 15 to 39 years. Methods: The global prevalence, years lived with disabilities (YLDs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), projection, and inequality were estimated for early MSK diseases, includi...

Background Multimorbidity poses a global challenge to healthcare delivery. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of multimorbidity, common disease combinations and outcomes in a contemporary cohort of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Methods This was a pre-planned analysis of a prospective, multicentre, international study investi...

An outbreak of monkeypox was reported in more than 40 countries in early 2022. Accurate diagnosis of Mpox can be challenging, but history, clinical findings, and laboratory diagnosis can establish the diagnosis. The pre-analytic phase of testing includes collecting, storing, and transporting specimens. It is advised to swab the lesion site with vir...

Monkeypox virus (Mpox) is a zoonotic disease that was recently declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Symptoms of Mpox include fever, headache, muscle pain, and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. The stigma surrounding the monkeypox virus has been...

Background Accurate assessments of current and future fertility-including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions-are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to i...

This appendix provides detailed information on the methods for the paper “Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021 with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021”

Background Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensiv...

Summary Background Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injur...

Comprehensive list of genes detected by the different AMR databases (RefFinder, AMRFinderFlus, and RGI_CARD) for all isolates.

Comparison of Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) Results for the Clinical Isolates showing Very Major Errors (VMEs), Major Errors (MEs), and Minor Errors (mEs).

EUCAST breakpoints for antibiotics against P. aeruginosa in MIC and Disk Diffusion methods v12.0 and v13.0.

This appendix provides further authorship detail for “Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.” This appendix formed part of the original submission and has been peer reviewed. We post it as supplied by the authors. Supplement to: GBD 2021 Forecast...

This study seeks to consolidate existing knowledge on sympathetic nerve block therapies (SGB and DSB/CSB) for PTSD management. The aim is to offer a foundation for future clinical trials and studies exploring sympathetic nerve blocks' role in PTSD treatment, addressing gaps in previous research and guiding potential advancements in therapeutic appr...

Background Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-base...

Background: Type A acute aortic intramural hematomas (IMHs), especially with thrombi in the ascending aorta, pose an increased risk of complications relative to Type B. The therapeutic direction for Type A IMH remains contentious. This study contrasts the outcomes of TEVAR and open surgical approaches in managing IMHs. Method We conducted a single-...

Background Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important follow...

Introduction Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare and fatal neurological disease that leads to progressive motor function degeneration. Diagnosing ALS is challenging due to the absence of a specific detection test. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) can assist in the investigation and treatment of ALS. Methods We searched seven datab...

Type A acute aortic intramural hematomas (IMHs), especially with thrombi in the ascending aorta, pose an increased risk of complications relative to Type B. The therapeutic direction for Type A IMH remains contentious. This study contrasts the outcomes of TEVAR and open surgical approaches in managing IMHs. We conducted a single-center, retrospecti...

Background Accurate assessments of current and future fertility-including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions-are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to i...

Measles, also known as rubeola, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus from the Paramyxoviridae family. The disease is most common in children but can affect people of all ages. Since the beginning of 2023, the WHO European Region has experienced a concerning resurgence of measles, with over 30,000 cases reported in the...

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a significant societal challenge, highlighting the need to explore effective prevention and treatment approaches. Recent literature has suggested that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine may be a viable therapeutic option for immune disorders associated with AD due to its immunomodulatory propert...

The rise in cancer rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), combined with limited access to Western pharmaceuticals, has sparked growing adoption of herbal medicines for cancer treatment in the region. However, a number of challenges exist, including the lack of reliable evidence-based research on these products, scarcity of standardized documentation as...

Space travel exposes astronauts to several environmental challenges, including microgravity and radiation exposure. To overcome these stressors, the body undergoes various adaptations such as cardiovascular deconditioning, fluid shifts, metabolic changes, and alterations in the state of the bone marrow. Another area of concern is the potential impa...

Background Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of D...

While morphine is the recommended first-line treatment for pain management in patients with acute coronary syndrome, recent studies have raised concerns about its association with adverse outcomes. Morphine has been found to cause delayed antiplatelet effects, decreased ticagrelor absorption, increased platelet reactivity, and compromised efficacy...

Abstract Cardiovascular complications after major surgery are associated with increases in morbidity and mortality. There is confusion over definitions of cardiac injury or complications, and variability in the assessment and management of patients. This international prospective cohort study aimed to define the incidence and timing of these compl...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic disorder resulting from exposure to traumatic events. In recent years, sympathetic nerve blocks have gained interest as an emerging treatment modality for PTSD. They have been shown to reduce autonomic dysfunction associated with PTSD symptoms, particularly in refractory and treatment-resistant pati...

The high prevalence of multiple comorbidities poses unique medication-related challenges for geriatric patients. Polypharmacy is a particular concern since taking several medications simultaneously increases the likelihood of adverse drug events and the risk of drug interactions while decreasing patient adherence. These factors are associated with...

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) is a multinational collaborative research study with >10,000 collaborators around the world. GBD generates a time series of summary measures of health, including prevalence, cause-specific mortality (CSMR), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disabi...

Aims Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder of insulin and glucose metabolism. It affects more than 463 million people worldwide and is expected to reach 700 million by 2045. In the Southeast Asian region, the prevalence of DM has tripled to 115 million due to rapid urbanization, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyles, and genetic factors. In N...

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is a double-stranded herpesvirus that has a tropism for endothelial cells, particularly in organs such as the brain and liver. Despite uncertainties about its exact pathogenesis, recent research suggests a connection between the virus and a number of central nervous system disorders. We hypothesized that the virus and in...

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of reliable, noninvasive diagnostic tools for robust public health interventions. In this work, we fused magnetic respiratory sensing technology (MRST) with machine learning (ML) to create a diagnostic platform for real-time tracking and diagnosis of COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. The MRST...

Legionellosis is a broad collective term encompassing all infections caused by members of the genus Legionella, including Legionnaires’ Disease (severe form), non-pneumonia Pontiac fever (mild form), and Pittsburgh pneumonia. In recent years, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has noted an increase in the number of report...

Chemo ports are often required for oncological patients requiring repeated blood draws and long-term drug therapy. However, complications such as dislodgement, fracture, thrombosis, and venous occlusion may occur if the ports remain unremoved when not in use. Nonetheless, existing techniques require multiple accesses or release of the stuck cathete...

In November 2022, the global population had officially crossed eight billion. It has long been recognized that socioeconomic or health-related problems in the community always accompany an uncontrolled population expansion. International calls have been made regarding lack of universal health coverage, an insufficient supply of healthcare providers...

Medical ethics have traditionally encountered resistance in medical education, with doubts regarding their necessity during preclinical years. Concerns include the practical application of theoretical ethics and favoring the learning of ethics through observation and imitation. Furthermore, ethics courses often focus on codes and regulations and ne...

Purpose: In the pedagogy of classical vocal singing, it can be difficult to determine the human voice fach, especially for the voice of aspiring vocalists. Hence, an objective metric-based system for the determination of the human voice is needed. In the present study, we investigated the anthropological and aerodynamic parameters for 60 professio...

Located in northern Europe, Latvia is one of the three Baltic States with a population of 1.9 million. The country has a rich history of medical education spanning a century and is becoming an emerging global hub for medical education. Although the surge in international students has been beneficial for the development of educational and research i...

Our case study program identifies key global health challenges and offers participants opportunities to develop solutions and strategic implementation plans to address them. Our recent case study ‘Malaria in Kenya’ consisted of a 6-week program of asynchronous learning modules and live sessions, with international student participants from Kenya, J...

In the pre-hospital setting, the efficacy and superiority analysis of the extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) technique presents significant methodological challenges. While ECPR has shown promising results in improving patient outcomes in cases of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), recent meta-analyses showed no significant dispari...

Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) are a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections with a high relapse rate. Current treatment guidelines recommend fidaxomicin as the primary therapy for initial CDI episodes and suggest alternative approaches for recurrent episodes, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). This paper explore...

Background: Malaria continues to be a public health problem in Kenya, with an estimated 37.2 million people at high risk of the disease. The disease burden is compounded by inequalities in health service availability, housing, socioeconomic conditions, and access to education. Objectives: We aimed to determine the status of community-based, heal...

In April 2023, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) published a report on the global state of children's health. One of the key findings was that the number of under-immunised or unimmunised children worldwide had increased to approximately 18.2 million in 2021. This meant that routine vaccinations had declined to 200...

Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) are a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections with high relapse rate. Current treatment guidelines recommend fidaxomicin as the primary therapy for initial CDI episodes and suggest alternative approaches for recurrent episodes, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The present paper ex...

Bullous Pemphigus (BP) patients with skin of color are likely to present at a significantly younger age compared to Caucasian BP patients (mean ± standard deviation - 62.8 ± 3.3 years vs. 76.7 ± 1.4 years, respectively). Here, we would like to share our recent experience with a 77-year-old Vietnamese male patient who developed acquired hemophilia A...

In the pre-hospital setting, the efficacy and superiority analysis of the extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) technique presents significant methodological challenges. While ECPR has shown promising results in improving patient outcomes in cases of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), a recent meta-analysis by Low et al., showed no si...

Institutional Research Ethics Committees (RECs) play crucial roles in the impartial and competent review of scientific research, particularly during public health emergencies. In this report, we examined their ability and capacity to provide this basic service during public health emergencies and non-emergency situations. Our qualitative documentar...

Artificial intelligence (AI) and regenerative medicine are becoming inextricably linked. As a result, the long-term outlook for the advancement of AI, regenerative medicine, and stem cells in the healthcare industry is incredibly bright. AI is being used in healthcare to discover new drugs and to provide personalized medicine based on big data. It...

Background Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a common condition affecting more than 170 people per 100,000 population. However, POTS following COVID-19 vaccination remains a rare reporting in the medical literature. Objective We, herein, summarize and highlight the evidence that has been reported regarding POTS-like symptoms fo...

In late March 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a disease outbreak notification regarding an iatrogenic outbreak of botulism in 87 patients who underwent bariatric (weight-loss) procedures at two Turkish hospitals. In this editorial, we look at the current outbreak situation, the availability of Botulism Neurotoxin (BoNT) in Turkiye,...

Objectives Case Reporting and Surveillance (CRS) are crucial to combat the global spread of the Monkeypox virus (Mpox). To support CRS, the World Health Organization (WHO) has released standardized case definitions for suspected, probable, confirmed, and discarded cases. However, these definitions are often subject to localized adaptations by count...

The sudden international spread of the monkeypox virus has been accompanied by an increase in the scientific interest in the virus. More than 1,400 PubMed-indexed documents have been authored by about 5,800 unique authors, averaging around 120 publications per month. This sheer rise in the number led us to explore the type of content published in t...

Objectives. Chromogenic In-situ Hybridization (CISH) is a relatively new technique that allows the localization and visualization of a specific DNA or RNA sequence in a tissue specimen. The technique utilizes a chromogen-labelled DNA probe that gives a chromogenic dot-like response that can be visualized using the peroxidase reaction. Since the CIS...

We would like to thank Ngo et al., for expressing their interest in our work. In our recent work, we looked at the preventive measures that were undertaken by various cities and provinces across the globe to prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection. In their correspondence, Ngo et al., have raised potential concerns in association with the data pre...

Background: Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) including vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is an extremely rare side-effect mostly seen post-initial vaccination with viral vector-based AstraZeneca-Oxford COVID-19 vaccine. It is characterized by mild to severe thrombocytopenia and venous or arterial thrombosis....

Objectives: In November 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the first Global Oral Health Status Report (GOHSR) that describes the status of oral health care in the 195 member states. In the present editorial, we summarize the key findings of the GOHSR report and discuss the successes and pitfalls of the suggested remedy strategies....

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) suffers from one of the highest caseloads of oncological patients in the world (128.2 cases per 100,000). Cancer incidence and mortality are on the rise in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where more than 75% of global cancer burden is predicted to occur by the year 2040. Given this anticipated rise in caseload...

Prostate cancer is the second most common form of cancer in men and the fifth leading cause of death among men worldwide. Men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) often have BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 gene mutations which can make them sensitive to poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors or PARP inhibitors (PARPi), such as Olaparib, R...

A sudden rise in cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported in Indonesia and Gambia that has been linked to the consumption of tainted syrup medications for cough, colds, pain, and fever. Preliminary investigations revealed multiple lapses in quality control during manufacturing including substitution of diethylene glycol (DEG) and ethyle...

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is a rare but debilitating condition that leads to TMJ joint hypomobility. Surgery is the mainstay for treatment which is accompanied by rehabilitative and psychological support. Despite the advances in surgical techniques, recurrence of TMJA post-surgery has been reported as a common complication. Therefore...

A rising tide of Group A streptococcal infections is being reported in several European countries including the UK, Spain, Sweden, France, and Ireland. In this editorial, we shed light on the current scenario and present the discussion on the latest available interim clinical guidelines. We further explore the cause of this sudden rise and the inte...

The sudden international spread of the monkeypox virus has been associated with an uptick in scientific interest in the virus. More than 1,400 PubMed-indexed documents have been published on the virus by over 5,800 unique authors, averaging around 120 documents per month. The sheer rise in the number of documents led us to explore the type of conte...

A rising tide of Group A streptococcal infections is being reported in several European countries including the UK, Spain, France, and Ireland. In this editorial, we shed light on the current scenario and present the discussion on the latest available interim clinical guidelines. We further explore the cause of this sudden rise and the intervention...