Nishant Goyal

Central Institute of Psychiatry · Department of Psychiatry

Alzheimer's disease causes cognitive decline, and drug discovery focuses on its pathophysiology. Current research is concentrating not only on amyloid β markers and tangles but also on synaptic defects, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation as key therapeutic targets. Treatments for the amyloid pathway include monoclonal antibodies (e.g., adu...

Research has demonstrated that adolescents with externalizing disorders often exhibit deficiencies in executive functioning and prosocial behaviour. Long-term studies have indicated a notable positive influence of physical activity on both executive functioning and prosocial behaviour The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an i...

Interventions codes, laminectomies (1SC80) and discectomies (1SE87) demonstrated the highest ED visit rates. Comprehensive chart reviews were conducted identifying surgical and medical reasons for presentation within this timeframe. Results: Reviewing a cohort of 2165 post-decompression patients, 42.1% presented to the ED (n=912) with 62.8% of thes...

Background Autobiographical memory specificity, the ability to recall detailed personal experiences, plays a critical role in the development of psychopathology. Individuals who experience childhood abuse and neglect often exhibit overgeneral autobiographical memory, characterized by a lack of specificity in recalling personal events. This is thoug...

Objectives This study presents a novel approach by investigating the abnormal mismatch negativity (MMN) found during response to auditory-evoked potential (ERP) in schizophrenia (SZ) patients. Our unique focus is on the genetic high-risk (GHR) for SZ, comparing it with healthy controls (HC). In addition, we aim to illuminate the interrelationship o...

The selection of an appropriate virtual reference schema is pivotal in determining the outcomes of Event-Related Potential (ERP) studies, particularly within the widely utilized Talk/Listen ERP paradigm, which is employed to non-invasively explore the corollary discharge (CD) phenomenon in the speech-auditory system. This research centers on examin...

Introduction: Alcoholism affects the cognitive process including component of memory, episodic memory is the essential component for the management of alcohol dependence patients. In most of the study episodic measured through typical memory task, which entails providing spoken list and then asking them to recall or recognize the information they h...

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has generated unprecedented public-health concerns. Many countries have imposed lockdowns to reduce social contact and contain the spread of the Novel Coronavirus. It forced the institutes to change their teaching methods from Conventional Learning (CL) to Online Learning (OL), meanwhile, it badly e...

The choice of the virtual reference schema is critical to determining the outcome of Event-Related Potentials (ERP) studies assessing corollary discharge(CD) non-invasively. This study focuses on ERP, specifically examining the effects of EEG reference schemas—Linked Mastoids (LM), Common Average Reference (CAR), and Reference Electrode Standardiza...

Background: Brain variations are responsible for developmental impairments, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). EEG signals efficiently detect neurological conditions by revealing crucial information about brain function abnormalities. Objective: This study aims to utilize EEG data collected from both autistic and typically developing chil...

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using transfer learning with state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to classify human figure drawings of patients diagnosed with Mania and Schizophrenia. Methods We collected a total of 230 images (108 from patients with Mania and 122 from patients with Schizoph...

Background Dissociative disorders invade and interfere with the person’s continuity of normal psychological functioning and exhibit slower or impaired processing of threat-related information and attachment styles play a significant role in their psychopathology. The present study assessed the type of attachment style and information processing bia...

Paediatric bipolar disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterised by extreme mood swings, ranging from depressive episodes to manic episodes, in children and adolescents. Research studies on young onset bipolar disorder in India have shown that the prevalence of this condition is significant among children and adolescents. A study found that the...

Background Schizophrenia is one of the most burdensome psychiatric disorders. Novel neuromodulatory techniques including cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (c-tDCS) and continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are increasingly being used in alleviating the auditory verbal hall...

Background High-frequency deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been known to be effective in modulating emotional experience but not studied in children and adolescents with externalizing behavior disorders (EBDs). We present a novel protocol for a study that ai...

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a common problem faced by clinicians worldwide with no agreed upon treatment protocol. Priming is a technique that can enhance the sensitivity of the brain to therapy using techniques that increase or decrease the excitability of the cortex. Studies on cross-modality priming remain sparse. Objectives The aim...

Yoga is developing as therapy for various disorders in mental health, at same it is used in daily life for mental health wellness. The aim of this article is to determine development of yoga as therapy, and where it’s role in mental health as a novel exercise modality. Yoga is developing as science, in various forms and in different life situations...

Background The National Mental Health Survey reports a prevalence of 2.7% for depressive disorders in India. The services for depression patients may be organized differently in India as compared to Western countries. It is important to consider studies conducted in India to determine effective interventions for depression catered specifically to t...

Objectives Cognitive and negative symptoms are core symptoms of schizophrenia affecting interpersonal and socio-occupational functioning. Impaired dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) function is implicated in negative and cognitive symptoms. Conventional transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to DLPFC has attracted interest as an add-on...

Objectives Endophenotype models of disease would help to clarify both diagnostic classification and etiological understanding of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The objective of the study is to investigate electrophysiological endophenotypes in OCD. Material and Methods We recorded P300 on an auditory oddball paradigm for 20 patients with OCD...

Background: Approximately 40% of patients treated for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not respond to standard and second-line augmentation treatments leading to the exploration of alternate biological treatments. Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation inducing more rapid and longe...

Scoping reviews have become a common form of evidence synthesis in the past few years. They can collect information from any research methodology as well as from research sources. Thus, they provide a comprehensive overview to address broader research questions as compared to systematic reviews. The original framework for conducting scoping reviews...

Despite the evidence of having physical and mental health benefits of practicing forgiveness, resistance among therapists is evident, probably due to the lack of a coherent theoretical grounding in the understanding of forgiveness. Hence, to encourage the practice of forgiveness in clinical settings, more rigorous studies should be planned along wi...

Purpose Depression is a mental health problem characterized by a persistent sense of sadness and loss of interest. EEG signals are regarded as the most appropriate instruments for diagnosing depression because they reflect the operating status of the human brain. The purpose of this study is the early detection of depression among people using EEG...

Bipolar disorder’s core feature is the pathological disturbances in mood, often accompanied by disrupted thinking and behavior. Its complex and heterogeneous etiology implies that a range of inherited and environmental factors are involved. This heterogeneity and poorly understood neurobiology pose significant challenges to existing drug developmen...

The prevalence of depression among visually impaired or blind children and adolescents has not been systematically reviewed. This study aims to provide the prevalence of depression among visually impaired or blind children and adolescents. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Syste...

Background Neurotrophins have been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is one of the major neurotrophins that has attracted much research interest. Therefore, we undertook, to the best of our knowledge, the first scoping review encompassing all major psychiatric disorders and their relation to NGF. This review ai...

Human action recognition (HAR) in untrimmed videos can make insightful predictions of human behaviour. Previous work on HAR‐included models trained on spatial and temporal annotations and could classify limited actions from trimmed videos. These methods reported limitations such as (1) performance degradation due to the lack of precision temporal r...

Background: There are more than 5 million people with dementia in India. Multicentre studies looking at details of treatment for people with dementia In India are lacking. Clinical audit is a quality improvement process which aims to systematically assess, evaluate, and improve patient care. Evaluating current practice is the key to a clinical aud...

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. ABSTRACT Background...

Background: A substantial proportion of patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia do not respond well or partially to clozapine, with a subset that does not tolerate an adequate trial of clozapine. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is regarded as one of the augmenting options, but there is a lack of high-quality evidence for this practice. This...

Background: Treatment-resistant depression is a burdensome condition. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is considered a treatment option in early course of resistance with a proportion of such patients responding to it. Preliminary evidence suggests a role of priming iTBS stimulation with precond...

Background: There is substantial treatment gap between the suggested guidelines and pragmatic clinical practice for psychotropic usage in bipolar disorder (BD) due to the lack of naturalistic studies and not taking into account the transcultural differences and diverse background. We intend to study this treatment gap and elucidate the preference...

Background: A substantial proportion of patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia do not respond well or partially to clozapine, with a subset that does not tolerate an adequate trial of clozapine. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is regarded as one of the augmenting options, but there is a lack of high-quality evidence for this practice. This...

Background Depression is a mental disorder that often negatively impacts the actions and feelings of the affected person. No laboratory tests are available to detect and properly diagnose depression. Presently, the detection of depression is done based on standardized questionnaires like Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth e...

Background: Neuroplasticity in adolescents is distinct from that of adults. Literature pertaining to neuroplasticity in schizophrenia is limited to adult populations. Aim: We aimed to assess baseline (or resting) cortical excitability and cortical plasticity in adolescents with schizophrenia using the transcranial magnetic stimulation-electromyo...

Objective: Our study aimed to (1) examine the effect of adjunctive high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) in craving and withdrawal among patients with opioid use disorder on buprenorphine-naloxone, and (2) examine effect of HD-tDCS changes in glutamate-glutamine and [gamma]-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the left dorsolate...

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPS) are usually the expected consequences of dementia. BPS increases morbidity and burden, affects the quality of life, and impacts care costs. However, the symptom characteristics, clinical correlations, and symptom-specific clusters aiding the diagnosis are less well studied, especially in the...

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders with lifetime prevalence higher than that of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Inadequate response to available pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions is common in OCD. Adjunctive brain stimulation methods to address the inadequate...

Background Hunger hormones, including ghrelin and leptin, are associated with appetitive behaviors in various psychiatric disorders. Biochemical and hormonal status in disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) in adolescents is largely unexplored. Objectives The study aimed to assess levels of leptin and ghrelin and find their association with...

Seizures progressing to pseudo-seizures(dissociation) in an adolescent girl suffering from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

Introduction Cannabis use has been associated with several psychosis outcomes including acute and persistent psychosis termed Cannabis Induced Psychotic Disorder (CIPD). The clinical and cognitive profile, course of CIPD, and the extent to which it is different from psychosis unrelated to cannabis exposure (PsyNoCan) is not clear. Methods The acut...

Introduction: Dialectical behavior therapy-A (DBT-A) is a comprehensive, evidence-based treatment for children and adolescents. To date, there is no empirically validated research for adolescents diagnosed with dissociative disorder (DD) which implies the efficacy of DBT-A. Methods: This was a hospital-based, prospective, open-label trial based on...

Serum glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) homeostasis within brain circuits represent target for focal neuromodulation techniques such as high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS). In current trial 37 inpatients with bipolar disorder (BD) received active (n=18) or sham (n=19) anodal HD-tDCS over right dorsolat...

Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder represents one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders with life-time prevalence higher than that of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Inadequate response to available pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions is common in OCD. Adjunctive brain stimulation methods to address the inadequat...

Objectives: Low-frequency (<1Hz) rTMS decreases the excitability of the cortical areas. Mixed results noted in reducing seizure using <1Hz rTMS in adults. We evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive vertex 0.3 Hz rTMS in focal epilepsy in children and adolescent. Methods: 30 patients, of either sex, aged eight to eighteen years, with ≥4 paroxysms of loc...

Objectives: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used as a therapeutic option for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in both clinical and research settings. There has been no consensus with regard to target area and other parameters, although 1-Hz rTMS over the supplementary motor area (SMA) is found to be promising. Priming sti...

This manuscript introduces a unique program titled "Clinical Research Center (CRC) for Neuromodulation in Psychiatry" supported by the prestigious CRC/Public Health Research Center Grant of the DBT Wellcome Trust India Alliance. This multi-institutional research program will be led by NIMHANS (Bengaluru) in collaboration with the Central Institute...

Objective: In schizophrenia, negative symptoms account for a substantial amount of the comorbidity resulting in poor performance in social interaction, interpersonal relationships, economic functioning, and recreational activities. Research has implicated hypofrontality in the pathogenesis of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Conventional transc...

ABSTRACT Background: Patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate increased sensitivity to appetitive/rewarding stimuli even during euthymia. On presentation of arousing pictures, they show a peculiar response, suggesting heightened vigilance. While responding to looming arousing cues, studies show subjects with anxiety spectrum disorders exhibit inc...

Objectives: Although the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) includes ancillary symptom dimensions - insight, avoidance, degree of indecisiveness, inflated sense of responsibility, pervasive slowness/disturbance of inertia, and pathological doubting -, we know little about their clinical/scientific utility. We examined these...

Introduction: Patients with schizophrenia show impaired recollection but largely preserved familiarity-based episodic memory. This study was done to clarify the endophenotypic nature of recollection and familiarity-based episodic memory in schizophrenia and the role of emotional valence of memoranda and degree of recall confidence in it. Method:...

Background Absconding from psychiatric hospitals is of great concern for patients and caregivers. Absconding affects not only the treatment and safety of these patients but also patient’s caregivers and the community. Further investigation is needed to examine the pattern of this event and the characteristics of patients who abscond. Hence, our stu...

Introduction Evoked response potentials (ERP) can reliably map key neurocognitive processes which are putatively responsible for chronic alcohol use disorder (AUD). Aim of the present study was to study P300 auditory odd ball and N400 visual semantic incongruity paradigm mapping executive functions rubric as a potential biomarker predicting chronic...