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Introduction
Nima Ghadiri is a Consultant Medical Ophthalmologist at Liverpool University Hospitals and an Honorary Clinical Associate Professor at the University of Liverpool.
His research and clinical work focus on the intersection of Ophthalmology and Internal Medicine, particularly the diagnosis and management of eye disorders linked to systemic diseases.
Current institution
Additional affiliations
December 2020 - present
Publications
Publications (47)
This comprehensive review traces the historical understanding and treatment of uveitis from ancient civilisations to modern medicine, a history which reflects the evolution of medical understanding and practice in general. Early descriptions of ocular inflammation appear in Egyptian medical papyri from 1700 BCE, with subsequent contributions from G...
Ophthalmology stands at the forefront of specialties to be galvanized by AI. Since this specialty is technology driven, with rapid non‐invasive scans as an important part of the diagnostic process, there are tremendous potentials in applying deep learning to retinal photographs and optical coherence tomography. Combining large imaging datasets with...
To facilitate the integration of eye care into universal health coverage, the WHO is developing a Package of Eye Care Interventions (PECI). Development of the PECI involves the identification of evidence-based interventions from relevant clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for uveitis.
A systematic review of CPGs published on uveitis between 2010 a...
Introduction: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare
autoimmune disease characterised by granulomatous infammation of small- to medium-sized blood vessels. Ocular symptoms
occur in 16–78% of patients and are the initial manifestation in
27% (1). Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20-
positive B-cells, is effective for relapsing/...
Introduction: Axial spondyloarthritis (axial SpA) is a debilitating chronic inflammation of the axial skeleton presenting as back pain, which has been linked with Human Leukocyte Antigen B27 (HLA-B27).1,2 HLA-B27 has been implicated in other inflammatory conditions such as anterior uveitis.3 Anterior uveitis is the inflammation of the iris and/or t...
Introduction: Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) negatively impacts quality of life and can potentially have sight threatening complications. To determine appropriate management, clinical assessment should determine and grade the presence of active orbital inflammation. It also remains vital to identify and control drives of disease, such as smoking and end...
Introduction: Immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionised cancer medicine. Increasingly, ICI are used earlier in disease and in combination with each-other. Although these agents are effective, they have been shown to cause various adverse effects due to dysregulation of the immune system leading to unintended autoimmune phenomena....
Introduction Paraneoplastic optic neuropathy (PON) is a rare immune-mediated optic neuropathy, secondary to an underlying malignancy. This report describes a rare case of bilateral PON as the initial manifestation in a 77-year-old male, leading to the early detection and treatment of pre-clinical small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Case Presentation The...
This study aimed to describe a case series of patients diagnosed with orbital reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) at a single tertiary care centre. A retrospective review was conducted by searching electronic medical records at Liverpool University NHS Foundation Trust (LUHFT) from 1 st December 2021 - 1 st December 2023, to identify all patients w...
Immune checkpoints refer to mechanisms entrusted with the modulation of immune responses in peripheral tissues and are required for minimising collateral damage. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) work through numerous pathways, including the anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) and...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are important agents in the
treatment of numerous cancers. Increasingly, ICI are used earlier
in disease and in combination with each-other. Although these
agents are effective, they have been shown to cause various
adverse effects due to dysregulation of the immune system
leading to unintended autoimmune phenomen...
Kimura disease (KD) is a rare, chronic, inflammatory condition, predominantly found in male patients of Asian ethnicity. It typically presents between 50-60 years of age and usually with bilateral disease. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) remains the main differential diagnosis, although histological analysis is essential in diffe...
“Chameleons are unique - able to perform large-amplitude, independent eye movements for scanning their environment, then switching to synchronous saccades when tracking prey. They are also well known for changing color to adapt to the environment, and in medicine we refer to ‘medical chameleons’ - complex, atypical and shape-shifting conditions whe...
Visual snow syndrome is a disorder characterized by a continuous visual disturbance that occupies the entire visual field. Patients report seeing snow, static, dots, or flickering in their vision. The pathophysiology is not fully understood but may involve excessive cortical hyperexcitability. Visual snow can be very disabling for patients. This st...
Background
Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important follow...
The connection between the eye and systemic diseases has been acknowledged for millenia. Historical records suggest that ancient civilisations had some understanding of the eye’s significance beyond its primary function in vision. For instance, in ancient Egypt, the ‘Eye of Horus’ symbolised royal power, good health, and protection, reflecting a br...
Inaugurating this new regular section on the exciting landscape of AI and oculomics, we provide an overview which delves into the historical context and the etymology of this field, reviews the current state of play and contemplates possibilities and hopes for the future.
Oculomics refers to the marvellous role of our eye as an intimate portal int...
Candida endophthalmitis represents a severe and potentially sight-threatening complication of candidaemia, a bloodstream infection caused by Candida species. One of the key questions addressed is the necessity of mandatory ophthalmological review in candidaemia cases. We examine the evidence base to determine whether such reviews should be a standa...
Background: This report presents the first case of a patient with dual pathogen-associated bioprosthetic aortic valve endocarditis, prosthetic aortic root abscess and multifocal septic emboli, caused by both Trichosporon inkin and Cutibacterium acnes. Case Report: A 67-year-old male with a prosthetic aortic root replacement, bioprosthetic aortic va...
We present a case of presumed topiramate-induced retinopathy in a 58-year-old woman who presented with progressive, bilateral visual loss following a 3- to 4-year history of oral topiramate intake for migraine. She reported difficulty with light adaptation, hemeralopia, and color desaturation. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 1/60 (20/1200) in...
Ophthalmic manifestations and pitfalls in IgG4-related disease.
Since the early 19th century, physicians and surgeons have been working together in
eye clinics and hospitals to bring about the best outcome for the patients.
AI IN CLINICAL MEDICINE An essential overview of the application of artificial intelligence in clinical medicine AI in Clinical Medicine: A Practical Guide for Healthcare Professionals is the definitive reference book for the emerging and exciting use of AI throughout clinical medicine
Importance
Despite persistent inequalities in access to eye care services globally, guidance on a set of recommended, evidence-based eye care interventions to support country health care planning has not been available. To overcome this barrier, the World Health Organization (WHO) Package of Eye Care Interventions (PECI) has been developed.
Object...
The eye is a remarkable organ, and for decades we have been discovering intimations of pathology existing elsewhere in the body [1] simply through observing signs in the eye. There is no dearth of diseases which can affect the eye in myriad ways [2], and the medical ophthalmologist (ophthalmic physician) operates at the interface between eye diseas...
Background
Inflammatory adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination are being reported amidst the growing concerns regarding vaccine’s immunogenicity and safety, especially in patients with pre-existing inflammatory conditions.
Methods
Multinational case series of patients diagnosed with an ocular inflammatory event within 14 days following COVI...
A 35-year-old woman presented with a constellation of systemic symptoms: rashes, weight loss, arthralgia and mouth ulcers. Six months afterwards, she experienced bilateral and sequential reduction in vision, and was found to have bilateral vaso-occlusive retinopathy, with critical macular ischaemia in the left eye. Her serological markers were cons...
A 64-year-old woman presented with bilateral visual loss with shimmering photopsias as the only clinical manifestation of an occult pancreatic ampullary adenocarcinoma causing duct dilatation. Abnormal electroretinograms led to suspicion of cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), and CT of the abdomen showed an underlying pancreatic malignancy, detect...
European Vasculitis Society 3rd International Vasculitis Course (Cambridge)
Don't be Rash - KFD-Lupus and the Eye
EUVAS Training Meeting 2019
As our understanding of the clinical and immune pathology in Thyroid eye disease has matured, so, too, has the logic of its management. In this paper, we explain the rationale behind an immunomodulatory regime which has been pursued in Cambridge for the last 23 years, and present a retrospective analysis of our results. This is the largest case ser...
Background
Alport syndrome is an inherited Type IV collagenopathy characterised by renal failure, hearing loss and ophthalmic manifestations such as lenticonus and dot-and-fleck retinopathy. New signs have been described which can be useful both for diagnosis and for prognosticating the risk of complications. This study examines and describes a tri...
The clinical features of thyroid eye disease are dictated by the orbit’s compartmentalisation; particularly, the muscle cone, which is delimited by the rectus muscles, their inter-muscular septa and the posterior sclera. The cone is anchored to the orbit apex and contains the posterior globe, the muscle bellies, a fat pad, and the blood circulation...
This presentation reviews the Cambridge Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) treatment regime used between 1994 and 2016 at Addenbrooke's Hospital, focusing on ocular motility outcomes. A retrospective review was conducted on 145 patients with sight-threatening TED, characterized by optic nerve compression and/or severe ocular motility disturbance, using elec...
Medical ophthalmologists investigate, diagnose, and manage eye disorders related to systemic diseases. Their training encompasses both ophthalmology and internal medicine to understand how systemic problems impact the eyes. Currently, medical ophthalmology training programs exist in the UK, Australia, and Ireland after basic or advanced training in...
