Nils Ferrand

• Phd Artificial Intelligence / Decision Support
• Senior Researcher at French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE)

Évaluer des jeux et leur impact est devenu canonique. Évaluer avec un jeu l’est moins. Cet article introduit et compare trois approches de l’évaluation avec et sur des jeux utilisés dans des processus participatifs : 1/ l’évaluation du jeu lui-même par des moyens externes ; 2/ les jeux dits « endo-évaluatifs » qui ajoutent à leur finalité ludique o...

In March 2019, the government of New Caledonia approved the framework for the country’s first water management policy. Called the “Shared Water Policy” (PEP1), it is the result of a broad consultation involving approximately one in six hundred New Caledonians. This chapter presents a retrospective of the consultation mechanism put in place for the...

Based on various testimonials from researchers involved in accompanying large-scale participa- tory and transformative projects, this chapter identifies and discusses some “risky stances” and frictions that researchers may encounter, as well as the strategies they develop to cope with them. The chapter shows that the researcher's stance, understood...

We, as humans, are currently facing urgent socio-ecological challenges (climate change, demographic increase, booming inequalities, etc.). These challenges are reinforced by systems of financial control at the international level, extractive natural resources strategies, lack of effective democracies, the surge in conflicts and wars, etc. This book...

More and more literature and practice recommend involving the public at the early stages of the policy cycle, i.e. issue identification, definition of the policy objectives and policy design. Policy design involves, among others, identifying solutions, ideas or alternatives which may address the policy objectives. Three main arguments are often put...

Public participation to manage water resources is largely promoted by institutional actors from national to international scale. Progress is still required to understand, depending on specific variables such as contexts, issues or implementation protocols, how participatory processes impact the individual participants, the group and eventually thei...

WasteWAG (for wastewater game) is a role-playing game and tool for participatory planning of individual and collective sanitation systems in urban and rural areas in Senegal. Its modeling was done in several successive stages, alternating the production of prototypes, testing of the tool under controlled conditions (among research actors) and testi...

Since 2014, a multi-partnership project, involving a french agriculture teaching public organisation, a research team and the french river Têt basin syndicate, achieved the design and edition of "L'Eau en Têt", an educational role-playing game kit dedicated to sustainable water management. This paper introduces this project while summarising the ed...

You will tell us: "Setting up a participatory approach is already not so simple, so evaluating it on top of that is beyond my ambitions". And yet... What's the point of involving different actors if you can't say whether this participation has really served any purpose? If you agree with this rhetoric, we invite you to read this article. Its aim is...

Le gouvernement de Nouvelle-Calédonie a approuvé en mars 2019 le schéma d’orientation de la première politique de l’eau du Pays. Cette politique, appelée « Politique de l’eau partagée » (PEP), est le fruit d’une large concertation ayant impliquée environ un Calédonien sur six cents. Cet article présente une rétrospective du dispositif de concertati...

In concrete terms, participation engineering involves thinking about the objectives, design, choice of methods, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of a participatory process. Based on their experience and on a methodological tool they have developed, the authors identify four key ideas to keep in mind and six structuring questions to ask...

Our digital age is characterized by both a generalized access to data and an increased call for participation of the public and other stakeholders and communities in policy design and decision-making. This context raises new challenges for political decision-makers and analysts in providing these actors with new means and moral duties for decision...

Cet article détaille un processus participatif mis en place sur le bassin versant de la Drôme pour préparer, avec les citoyens, la révision du Schéma d’Aménagement et de Gestion des Eaux. Spécifiquement, des citoyens ont été associés précocement pour choisir et organiser leur propre processus participatif. Cette co-ingénierie les a sensibilisés à l...

Water governance occurs at multiple levels, from the local to the supra-national, which are often highly fragmented. The interconnected nature of water requires interactions among these multiple governance levels. Public participation may foster such interactions. Thus, many water management reforms involved decentralization and public participatio...

La gestion intégrée des ressources en eau est très souvent associée à la mise en œuvre d’approches participatives, au point que la participation est parfois considérée comme une condition sine qua non de la gestion intégrée. Par participation, nous entendons ici l’implication d’acteurs concernés dans les choix relatifs à la gestion des ressources e...

Workshop "Au fil de l'eau", Nouméa, NCL, 17-/09/2019 - 18/09/2019

Estuaries are cradles of life for the communities who live around and within them. They are valued in multiple ways for the services they provide to humans, including food production, recreation, water purification, navigation and amenity. Various groups of stakeholders all place different importance on these values, how their needs and practices i...

f., bonifazi m., aucante m., ferrand n., fréguin-gresh s., raPideL b. et sibeLet n. Résumé. Alors que les systèmes agroforestiers sont reconnus pour la diversité des services environnementaux qu'ils fournissent, la nature et l'ampleur de ces services dépendent des choix des producteurs. Différents instruments de politiques ont été proposés pour inf...

lors que les systèmes agroforestiers sont reconnus pour la diversité des services environnementaux qu'ils fournissent, la nature et l'ampleur de ces services dépendent des choix des producteurs. Différents instruments de politiques ont été proposés pour influencer les choix des pratiques des producteurs et promouvoir la production de services envir...

In order to better manage complex situations of natural resource management, models are built in a participative way, involving the stakeholders of these situations in participatory modelling activities. The impact that this activity of participatory modelling has on the stakeholders is at the heart of the Companion Modelling approach but this impa...

In this day and age, it is widely argued that stakeholder engagement in water-related decision-making processes yields many benefits, including legitimacy, acceptance and trust. Key legal frameworks, such as the European Water Framework Directive and the Aarhus Convention, have spurred the emergence of formal forms of stakeholder engagement. On the...

In many countries, adaptive and Integrated Management of Natural Resources (INRM) is imperative but can be difficult to operationalize. This paper suggests the adoption of regional participatory planning processes as an approach to operationalize multi-scale INRM. It builds on the comparison of two cases, the Fogera woreda in Ethiopia and the Rwenz...

The Pacific Islands, Australia and New Zealand are surrounded by water, but not the kind that is required for drinking and sanitation, agriculture, industry and a range of other land-based economic, social and cultural purposes. Freshwater in Oceania is variably distributed and not always accessible in the places and volumes required for human and...

Participatory approaches are now increasingly recognized and used as an essential element of policies and programs, especially in regards to natural resource management (NRM). Most practitioners, decision-makers and researchers having adopted participatory approaches also acknowledge the need to monitor and evaluate such approaches in order to audi...

Many participatory processes fail to generate social change and collaborative outcomes. This failure can partly be explained by how divergent stakeholders' frames are handled. This paper builds on the framing and participation literature to explain how facilitators can manage frame diversity and foster collaborative outcomes. It suggests two pragma...

One solution considered by researchers and policymakers to address environmental degradation is to explore change within environmental institutions. Three main approaches exist looking at how institutions change in response to social–environmental issues: institutional design, institutional fit, and institutional bricolage. While all three approach...

Evaluating participatory processes, participatory planning processes especially, can be challenging. Due to their complexity, these processes require a specific approach to evaluation. This paper proposes a framework for evaluating projects that have adopted a participatory planning approach: the monitoring and evaluation of participatory planning...

This paper builds on the assumption that an effective approach to support the sustainability of natural resource management initiatives is institutional "bricolage." We argue that participatory planning processes can foster institutional bricolage by encouraging stakeholders to make their own arrangements based on the hybridization of old and new i...

2 This brief describes three applications of the Wat-A-Game platform for pedagogical purposes in Mozambique and Zimbabwe. After a presentation of the game features, the three sessions are summarized and feedbacks from participants are discussed. Some perspectives in terms of future potential applications are finally provided. Participation, learnin...

Water management is an area for several sources of institutional complexity, which have been extensively studied but are still poorly handled in practice. In this chapter we add to the family of boundary entities a concept of boundary institution, in order to re-visit the dynamics at stake in participatory modelling. On the basis of a few case stud...

Water management is an area for several sources of institutional complexity, which have been extensively studied but are still poorly handled in practice. In this chapter we add to the family of boundary entities a concept of boundary institution, in order to re-visit the dynamics at stake in participatory modelling. On the basis of a few case stud...

Progress towards climate change aware regional sustainable development is affected by actions at multiple spatial scales and governance levels and equally impacts actions at these scales. Many authors and policy practitioners consider therefore that decisions over policy, mitigation strategies and capacity for adaptation to climate change require c...

With multi-stakeholder issues such as climate change or population growth providing significant challenges for water managers, participatory approaches to planning and management are becoming increasingly popular. To aid water stress mitigation in Bulgaria's Iskar region, a participatory process with a broad range of stakeholders was designed and t...

This chapter outlines a recent collaborative water management project in the Upper Iskar Basin in Bulgaria, Europe, entitled ‘Living with Floods and Droughts’. Based on a participatory modelling methodology, the project aimed to build the collective capacity of the region's stakeholders to manage flood and drought risks. The chapter starts by prese...

This chapter outlines a recent collaborative water management project in the Upper Iskar Basin in Bulgaria, Europe, entitled ‘Living with Floods and Droughts’. Based on a participatory modelling methodology, the project aimed to build the collective capacity of the region's stakeholders to manage flood and drought risks. The chapter starts by prese...

Broad-scale, multi-governance level, participatory water management processes intended to aid collective decision making and learning are rarely initiated, designed, implemented, and managed by one person. These processes mostly emerge from some form of collective planning and organization activities because of the stakes, time, and budgets involve...

Participatory modeling is increasingly recognized as an effective way to assist collective decision-making processes in the domain of natural resource management. This article introduces a framework for evaluating projects that have adopted a participatory modeling approach. This evaluation framework--known as the "Protocol of Canberra"--was develo...

The goal of this study is to evaluate several features and outcomes of the e-consultation organized by the Camargue Natural Park on its management plan. To estimate the benefits of the selected Internet devices, we have compared our assessment of this e-consultation with other face-to-face participative events organized on the same management plan....

The main purpose of public participation in integrated water resources modelling is to improve decision-making by ensuring that decisions are soundly based on shared knowledge, experience and scientific evidence. The present paper describes stakeholder involvement in the modelling process. The point of departure is the guidelines for quality assura...

This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.

This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.

This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.

This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.

Summary After having designed and used various games for learning and supporting water management and governance, many similarities appear. However, the components, topologies, and social and political setting of the basins are different. Therefore we have started designing and validating a new generic game platform, WATAGAME, alias AMAZI. This new...

It is becoming evident that if societies are going to tackle climate change, significant changes in production processes as well as consumption patterns will be required. These changes cannot be achieved unless climate change is taken into account in the general and sector-specific policies essential for economic activities and general social devel...

Ce chapitre fait la synthèse des référents théoriques aux sources ou proches de la posture de modélisation d'accompagnement: sciences de la complexité, apprentissage, simulation, sciences de la décision. Il aborde également les questions transdisciplinaires soulevées par la mise en oeuvre de cette démarche: enjeux de pouvoir et positionnement des c...

Water resource represents an important stake for human development. Studies show that under the currently growing demand this resource can become scarce, therefore, leading to the necessity of reducing unnecessary demand. Household needs often represent an important proportion of the overall demand, while individual costs are not high enough to lea...

Throughout the world, water management and planning issues are becoming increasingly difficult to handle, and there have been calls for more adapted approaches to aid the decision-making processes required for water planning and management. Participatory risk management approaches appear appropriate for such situations as they can be designed to in...

De l’eau en théorie, il y en a pour tous sur la Terre ! Avec 200 000 km3 disponibles, l’eau douce n’est pas une denrée rare. Mais la répartition de cette ressource sur la planète est loin d’être en adéquation avec celle de la population : près de 2 milliards d’individus, un tiers de l’humanité, vivent en situation de « stress hydrique ». À cette si...

The Water Framework Directive requires Public Participation in River Basin Management (RBM), including previously excluded constituencies besides water experts and policy makers. In this context, the HarmoniCOP project studies ways to improve PP based on the concept of Social Learning (SL). SL refers to the growing capacity of a social network to d...

Modelling tools have been widely used to investigate best management practices. But in contrast to the plethora of modelling studies, the practical implementation of outcomes is comparatively small. There is an urgent need to implement results and to show the practical validation of the concept developed, especially against the context of water str...

Context The European Integrated Project (IP) Aquastress (2005-2009 -www.aquastress.net) aims at designing, testing and evaluating new strategies to cope with water stress in Europe and the Mediterranean area. Combination of technical and non technical (institutional, economic, education) options are integrated and tested in 8 sites, with an intensi...

Planning and management of water resources are faced with increasingly high levels of complexity, uncertainty and conflict. Traditional technical and top-down management strategies have proved inadequate, forcing a move to more integrated forms of management, planning and decision making that can include stakeholders and communities, as well as tec...

Many current water resources management and planning problems are riddled with high levels of complexity, uncertainty and conflict; so-called unstructured (Kolkman et al. 2005) or messy (Ackoff, 1974) problems. These problems, which used to remain the domain of technical water managers, are increasingly entering the public policy sphere as conflict...

Chapitre rédigé par le collectif ComMod regroupant 40 personnes. Son correspondant est François Bousquet (CIRAD, green)

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Individual-based models, which permit a fine description of the dynamics of a population are costly in computation time and need many simulations for outlining global laws. Conversely aggregate models take less time for simulation and provide analytical understanding of the global evolution. Therefore they can sometimes profitably replace individua...

Many negotiations take place between farmers, water suppliers, public servants, and environmentalists to allocate water resources between users in different areas. However, few negotiations quantify the consequences of alternatives solutions. Models that are used are often oversimplified and only take into account elements that are easy to calculat...

The Water Framework Directive requires to include public besides the water experts and policy makers into development and implementation of River Basin Management (RBM) plans (see Article 14). In such a context, the EU research project HarmoniCOP, studies a method to improve Public Participation based on Social Learning (SL) concepts. SL refers to...

The Water Framework Directive requires to include public besides the water experts and policy makers into development and implementation of River Basin Management (RBM) plans (see Article 14). In such a context, the EU research project HarmoniCOP, studies a method to improve Public Participation based on Social Learning (SL) concepts. SL refers to...

We present a model allowing to simulate the evolution of the conversions to organic farming in Allier department from 1994 to 1999. The model is made up of investigations carried out in the field as well as various statistical data. It is based on a statistically valid reconstruction of farmers of the department and their situation per district. Th...

Nous présentons un modèle permettant de simuler l'évolution des conversions à l'agriculture biologique dans le département de l'Allier entre 1994 et 1999. Le modèle se nourrit d'enquêtes réalisées sur le terrain ainsi que de données statistiques diverses. Il se fonde sur une reconstitution valide statistiquement de la population d'agriculteurs du d...

In this paper we propose a framework, named DAMMASS, standing for Decreasing Abstraction Methodology for Multi-Agent Social Simulation, elaborated for the design and the implementation of individual-based social models. Its main characteristic is modularity. It recovers two major features. The first feature is the modularity of the modelling proces...

Les contrats de rivière amènent d'une manière assez souple les acteurs concernés par la gestion de l'eau sur un bassin versant à partager des points de vue et favorisent l'émergence de projets communs et cohérents. A partir d'expériences en aide à la décision collective, nous avons mené un travail d'enquêtes auprès d'acteurs du Contrat de Rivière d...

En réponse à l'affirmation d'un domaine de recherche spécifique, à l'interface entre les questions actuelles autour de l'environnement et de l'aménagement, et des approches innovantes en modélisation et traitement de l'information, le colloque SMAGET a rassemblé l'ensemble des chercheurs intéressés par les modèles et systèmes multi-agents appliqués...

Jury Jean-Claude POMEROL Jean Pierre MULLER C. MILLIER P. DUMOLARD D. MICHELLAND Philippe JORRAND Yves DEMAZEAU

Systemes d'Information pour la Gestion de l'Environnement : apport potentiel et enjeux de nouvelles technologies Management Support Systems for Environment : the potential use and stakes of new computing technologies Nils Ferrand Resume : Dans cette contribution, nous discutons de l'impact potentiel de nouvelles ap- proches ou technologies informat...

The paper discusses the potential impact of new approaches and computer technologies on research practices and environment and land management processes. In addition, insights are provided on the issues at stake in terms of the viability of milieux-societies-management tool systems and social management processes of the negotiated or participative...

Dans une première partie, nous présentons les problèmes de l'expertise, de la décision et de la négociation pour des projets d'infrastructures linéaires. Puis nous introduisons les systèmes multi-agents (SMA), avec une définition orientée vers la conception. Nous proposons diverses références sociologiques pour structurer l'analyse des systèmes soc...

pp. 75-87 Résumé: Dans cette contribution, nous discutons de l'impact potentiel de nouvelles approches ou technologies informatiques sur d'une part les pratiques de recherche, et d'autre part les processus de gestion de l'environnement et du territoire. Par ailleurs, nous proposons une réflexion sur les enjeux afférents en terme de viabilité des co...

A model of the decision process mixing rational anticipation and social influences is proposed to study the dynamics of agri-environmental measure adoption by farmers in Breadalbane ESA. The decisions of the farmers are based on uncertain anticipations related to different criteria (revenue, independence, nature). These anticipations can be the res...