Nils Basse

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• PhD
• Research Scientist at RISE Research Institutes of Sweden

This paper presents a revival of FORTRAN 66 code which calculates flow through curved pipes. Results from the code were originally presented in [Greenspan, D. Secondary flow in a curved tube. J. Fluid Mech. 1973, 57, 167-176]. The coupled non-linear system of partial differential equations was solved numerically using a finite difference method. We...

This paper presents a revival of FORTRAN 66 code which calculates flow through curved pipes. Results from the code were originally presented in [Greenspan, D. Secondary flow in a curved tube. J. Fluid Mech. 1973, Vol. 57, pages 167-176]. We demonstrate a step-by-step code revival process and compare original (coarse) results to updated (fine) solut...

Fortran code to calculate fluid motion in a curved pipe Updated to modern Fortran from original FORTRAN 66 code provided in: https://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/57756

This paper presents a revival of FORTRAN 66 code which calculates flow through curved pipes. Results from the code were originally presented in [Greenspan, D. Secondary flow in a curved tube. J. Fluid Mech. 1973, 57, 167-176]. We demonstrate a step-by-step code revival process and compare original (coarse) results to updated (fine) solutions. The p...

This review is a first attempt at bringing together various concepts from research on wall- and magnetically-bounded turbulent flows. Brief reviews of both fields are provided: The main similarities identified are coherent (turbulent) structures, flow generation, and transport barriers. Examples are provided and discussed.

This review is a first attempt at bringing together various concepts from research on wall- and magnetically-bounded turbulent flows. Brief reviews of both fields are provided: The main similarities identified are coherent (turbulent) structures, flow generation and transport barriers. Examples are provided and discussed.

This paper is a first attempt at bringing together various concepts from research on wall- and magnetically-bounded turbulent flows. Brief reviews of both fields are provided: The main similarities identified are transport barriers, coherent (turbulent) structures and flow generation. Examples are provided and discussed.

This paper is a first attempt at bringing together various concepts from research on wall- and magnetically-bounded turbulent flows. Brief reviews of both fields are provided: The main similarities identified are coherent (turbulent) structures, flow generation and transport barriers. Examples are provided and discussed.

This paper is a first attempt at bringing together various concepts from research on wall- and magnetically-bounded turbulent flows. Brief reviews of both fields are provided: The main similarities identified are transport barriers, coherent (turbulent) structures and flow generation. Examples are provided and discussed.

This Supplementary Information document contains details of the algebraic turbulence model which have been omitted from the paper.

We present a mixing length-based algebraic turbulence model calibrated to pipe flow; the main purpose of the model is to capture the increasing turbulence production-to-dissipation ratio observed in connection with the high Reynolds number transition region. The model includes the mixing length description by Gersten and Herwig, which takes the obs...

We present a mixing length based algebraic turbulence model calibrated to pipe flow; the main purpose of the model is to capture the increasing turbulence production-to-dissipation ratio observed in connection with the high Reynolds number transition region. The model includes the mixing length description by Gersten and Herwig which takes the obse...

We present a mixing length based algebraic turbulence model calibrated to pipe flow; the main purpose of the model is to capture the increasing turbulence production-to-dissipation ratio observed in connection with the high Reynolds number transition region. The model includes the mixing length description by Gersten and Herwig which takes the obse...

We present a mixing length based algebraic turbulence model calibrated to pipe flow; the main purpose of the model is to capture the increasing turbulence production-to-dissipation ratio observed in connection with the high Reynolds number transition region. The model includes the mixing length description by Gersten and Herwig which takes the obse...

We present a mixing length based algebraic turbulence model calibrated to pipe flow; the main purpose of the model is to capture the increasing turbulence production-to-dissipation ratio observed in connection with the high Reynolds number transition region. The model includes the mixing length description by Gersten and Herwig which takes the obs...

We present a mixing length based algebraic turbulence model calibrated to pipe flow; the main purpose of the model is to capture the increasing turbulence production-to-dissipation ratio observed in connection with the high Reynolds number transition region. The model includes the mixing length description by Gersten and Herwig which takes the obse...

We have characterized a transition of turbulence intensity (TI) scaling for friction Reynolds numbers $Re_{\tau} \sim 10^4$ in the companion papers [Basse, N.T. Scaling of global properties of fluctuating and mean streamwise velocities in pipe flow: Characterization of a high Reynolds number transition region. {\it Phys. Fluids} {\bf 2021}, {\it 33...

We have characterized a transition of turbulence intensity (TI) scaling for friction Reynolds numbers $Re_{\tau} \sim 10^4$ in the companion papers [Basse, N.T. Scaling of global properties of fluctuating and mean streamwise velocities in pipe flow: Characterization of a high Reynolds number transition region. {\it Phys. Fluids} {\bf 2021}, {\it 33...

Presentation on turbulence intensity and how it can be applied to e.g. computational fluid dynamics boundary conditions.

We extend the procedure outlined in Basse [“Scaling of global properties of fluctuating and mean streamwise velocities in pipe flow: Characterization of a high Reynolds number transition region,” Phys. Fluids 33, 065127 (2021)] to study global, i.e., radially averaged, scaling of streamwise velocity fluctuations. A viscous term is added to the log-...

We extend the procedure outlined in [Basse, "Scaling of global properties of fluctuating and mean streamwise velocities in pipe flow: Characterization of a high Reynolds number transition region," Phys. Fluids Vol. 33, 065127 (2021)] to study global, i.e. radially averaged, scaling of streamwise velocity fluctuations. A viscous term is added to the...

We study the global, i.e. radially averaged, high Reynolds number (asymptotic) scaling of streamwise turbulence intensity squared defined as I^2 = overbar(u^2)/U^2 , where u and U are the fluctuating and mean velocities, respectively (overbar is time averaging). The investigation is based on the mathematical abstraction that the logarithmic region...

We explore the analogy between asymptotic scaling of two canonical wall-bounded turbulent flows, i.e. zero-pressure-gradient and pipe flows; we find that these flows can be characterised using similar scaling laws which relate streamwise turbulence intensity and friction.

An asymptotic scaling law for drag in flat-plate turbulent boundary layers has been proposed [Dixit SA, Gupta A, Choudhary H, Singh AK and Prabhakaran T. Asymptotic scaling of drag in flat-plate turbulent boundary layers. Phys. Fluids Vol. 32, 041702 (2020)]. In this paper we suggest to amend the scaling law by using a correction term derived from...

The existing viscous and incompressible theory of isothermal sound propagation and attenuation in suspensions considers solid particles which are infinitely viscous. We extend the theory by applying the amended Coriolis flowmeter ‘‘bubble theory’’. Here, the drag force is a function of both the fluid and particle Stokes numbers and the particle-to-...

The existing viscous and incompressible theory of isothermal sound propagation and attenuation in suspensions considers solid particles which are infinitely viscous. We extend the theory by applying the amended Coriolis flowmeter ”bubble theory”. Here, the drag force is a function of both the fluid and particle Stokes numbers and the particle-to-fl...

Aviation turbulence is modelled as an interaction between an aircraft and a vortex tube. The vortex tube can have an arbitrary orientation/offset with respect to the aircraft. We compare modelling the aircraft (i) as a point and (ii) having a finite area (wing and fuselage). We consider both vertical and horizontal acceleration experienced by the a...

Editorial for a Special Issue on "Flow-Based Optimization of Products or Devices".

Two different physical phenomena, described by the bias flow aperture theory and the Coriolis flowmeter “bubble theory”, are compared. The bubble theory is simplified and analogies with the bias flow aperture theory are appraised.

Python code to calculate turbulence intensity based on Reynolds number and surface roughness.

We study streamwise turbulence intensity definitions using smooth- and rough-wall pipe flow measurements made in the Princeton Superpipe. Scaling of turbulence intensity with the bulk (and friction) Reynolds number is provided for the definitions. The turbulence intensity scales with the friction factor for both smooth- and rough-wall pipe flow. Tu...

Two different physical phenomena, described by the bias flow aperture theory and the Coriolis flowmeter "bubble theory", are compared. The bubble theory is simplified and analogies with the bias flow aperture theory are appraised.

The existing linear theory of isothermal sound propagation in an aerosol considers Stokes drag and treats particles which are infinitely viscous. We extend the theory by applying the Coriolis flowmeter "bubble theory". Here, the drag force is a function of the Stokes number and the particle-to-fluid ratio of the dynamic viscosity [S.-M.Yang and L.G...

Flow noise in electronic expansion valves is becoming important for customers. We perform transient , compressible computational fluid dynamics simulations to study acoustic flow noise generation for different diffuser geometries. The trend of the simulations agrees with earlier experimental findings.

A numerical model for transit time ultrasonic flowmeters operating under multiphase flow conditions previously presented by the current authors is extended by mesh refinement and grid point redistribution. The method solves modified first order stress-velocity equations of elastodynamics with additional terms to account for the effect of the backgr...

Aviation turbulence is modelled as an interaction between an aircraft and a vortex tube. The vortex tube can have an arbitrary orientation/offset with respect to the aircraft. We compare modelling the aircraft (i) as a point and (ii) having a finite area (wing and fuselage). We consider both vertical and horizontal acceleration experienced by the a...

Turbulence intensity profiles are compared for smooth- and rough-wall pipe flow measurements made in the Princeton Superpipe. The profile development in the transition from hydraulically smooth to fully rough flow displays a propagating sequence from the pipe wall towards the pipe axis. The scaling of turbulence intensity with Reynolds number shows...

Turbulence intensity profiles are compared for smooth- and rough-wall pipe flow measurements made in the Princeton Superpipe. The profile development in the transition from hydraulically smooth to fully rough flow displays a propagating sequence from the pipe wall towards the pipe axis. The scaling of turbulence intensity with Reynolds number shows...

A numerical model for a clamp-on transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter (TTUF) under multi-phase flow conditions is presented. The method solves equations of linear elasticity for isotropic heterogeneous materials with background flow where acoustic media are modeled by setting shear modulus to zero. Spatial derivatives are calculated by a Fourier collo...

Coriolis flowmeters experience measurement errors due to both single- and two-phase flow. For two-phase flow, severe damping may occur, which leads to a (temporary) inability of the flowmeter to operate. The dominating part of the damping is caused by decoupling of the continuous and the dispersed phase. This paper presents the theory of damping du...

Mode conversion (MC) of long wavelength fast electromagnetic (magnetosonic) waves into shorter wavelength electrostatic (ion-Bernstein, or IBW) or the electromagnetic (ion cyclotron, or ICW) waves is of great interest in laboratory, magnetic fusion and space physics experiments. Such processes are particularly important in multi-ion species plasmas...

The fast magnetosonic wave, mode converted ion cyclotron wave (MC ICW) and mode converted ion Bernstein wave (MC IBW) have all been observed and unambiguously identified in the mode conversion region of Alcator C-Mod. The influences of the species mix, mode conversion location and B pol /B tot have been studied in D(3 He) plasmas at B 0 ∼ 5.4 T (f...

Global and local transport experiments in ohmic, L-mode and H-mode regimes on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak are summarized. For ohmic plasmas, earlier results derived for energy confinement scaling in the Alcator (linear) regime have been confirmed, and the saturated confinement regime has been shown to be equivalent to that of L-mode. For auxiliary he...

The gas or plasma flow in the heating volume is central for the interruption performance of a circuit breaker (CB). This flow is visualized in a real breaker for the first time. Transparent parts were added to the breaker to use the focused shadowgraphy technique. Several experiments show the flow and distribution of the hot gas in the heating volu...

Turbulence plays a key role in several physical processes related to the interruption of current in a gas circuit breaker (GCB). In this paper we study one aspect, namely turbulent gas mixing in the heating volume of a small-scale 3D GCB model. Mixing is observed using a shadowgraphy setup; postprocessing extracts information on the time-varying ve...

Dielectric interruption performance of SF 6 high-voltage gas circuit breakers depends on the temperature distribution of the gas during the post-arc phase. Understanding the details of the mixing process occurring inside the breaker during arcing is therefore fundamental for the design. Multiphysics simulations are nowadays used to predict the flow...

In this paper we demonstrate that it is feasible to measure turbulent mixing in a 3D small scale circuit breaker model using a bright field schlieren setup with Fresnel lenses. An example shot in air at atmospheric pressure is studied. The peak pressure was above two bar, i.e. sonic conditions were reached. The resulting radially expanding shock wa...

The performance of high voltage gas circuit breakers depends on the temperature distribution of hot gas or plasma from the arc zone mixed with cold gas that is present, for example, in the exhausts and mixing volume. Understanding the details of the mixing process is imperative to estimate the temperature distribution within the entire breaker volu...

Understanding the dynamic processes governing gas circuit breaker physics is crucial in order to continue to improve short-circuit current interruption performance. In this paper, we study a single arc discharge both using measurements and 3-D computational fluid dynamics simulations. The primary quantity analyzed is the pressure in the heating vol...

Intriguing parallels between density fluctuation power versus wavenumber on small (in millimeter) and large (in megaparsec) scales are presented. The comparative study is carried out between fusion plasma measurements and cosmological data. Based on predictions from classical fluid turbulence theory, we argue that our observations are consistent wi...

\Alcator C-MOD has compared plasma performance with plasma-facing components (PFCs) coated with boron to all-metal PFCs to assess projections of energy confinement from current experiments to next-generation burning tokamak plasmas. Low-Z coatings reduce metallic impurity influx and diminish radiative losses leading to higher H-mode pedestal pressu...

Summary form only given. The arcing zone of high voltage self-blast gas circuit breakers is challenging to diagnose directly due to the combination of temperatures in the 30,000 K range and densities of the order 1025 m-3. Instead proxy measurements are made, typically in the heating volume of the breakers. In this contribution we compare pressure...

An overview of the diagnostics installed on the Al-cator C-Mod tokamak is presented. Approximately 25 diagnostic systems are being operated on C-Mod. The compact design of the machine and the cryostat enclos-ing the vacuum vessel and magnetic field coils make access challenging. Diagnostics are used to study four focus areas: transport, plasma boun...

Internal transport barriers (ITBs) marked by steep density and pressure profiles and reduction of core transport are obtained in Alcator C-Mod. Transient single barriers are observed at the back-transition from H- to L-mode and also when pellet injection is accompanied by ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) power. Double barriers are induced w...

Energetic particle physics is studied in Alcator C-Mod in reactor relevant regimes with high density and equilibrated electron and ion temperatures. Stable Alfven eigenmodes are excited with low-power active magnetohydrodynamic antennas in the absence of a significant energetic particle tail to directly measure the damping rate of the modes. Stable...

Summary form only given. We report on experiments conducted to investigate the thermal interruption capability of high voltage self-blast gas circuit breakers. In parallel, the circuit breaker behavior is studied using computational fluid dynamics tools. It is well-known that nozzle ablation leads to systematic performance degradation. The influenc...

Nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of Trapped Electron Mode (TEM) turbulence have repro-duced measured particle fluxes and thermal energy fluxes, within experimental uncertainty, in Alcator C-Mod [1, 2]. This has provided a model for internal transport barrier control with on-axis ICRH in Alcator C-Mod, without adjustable model parameters. The onset...

Phase contrast imaging (PCI) is an internal reference beam interferometry technique which provides a direct image of line integrated plasma density fluctuations. The method has been used with great success to measure waves and turbulence in magnetically confined high temperature plasmas. The principle of PCI was developed in optics in the 1930s by...

Comparisons of H-mode regimes were carried out on the Alcator C-Mod and JFT-2M tokamaks. Shapes were matched apart from aspect ratio, which is lower on C-Mod. The high recycling steady H-mode on JFT-2M and enhanced D-alpha (EDA) regime on C-Mod, both of which feature very small or no ELMs, are found to have similar access conditions in q95 − ν* spa...

Intriguing parallels between density fluctuation power versus wavenumber on small (mm) and large (Mpc) scales are presented. The comparative study is carried out between fusion plasma measurements and cosmological data. Based on predictions from classical fluid turbulence theory, we argue that our observations are consistent with 2D turbulence. The...

We have in earlier work (Basse N P 2005, Phys. Lett. A vol. 340 p. 456) reported on intriguing similarities between density fluctuation power versus wavenumber on small (mm) and large (Mpc) scales. In this paper we expand upon our previous studies of small and large scale measurements made in fusion plasmas and using cosmological data, respectively...

Summary form only given. We have in earlier work reported on intriguing parallels between density fluctuation power versus wavenumber on small (mm) and large (Mpc) scales. In this contribution we expand upon our previous studies of measurements made in fusion plasmas and using cosmological data, respectively. Based on predictions from classical flu...

We have developed a synthetic diagnostic^1 for the GS2 gyrokinetic code for direct comparisons with phase contrast imaging (PCI) measurements of density fluctuations in Alcator C-Mod. The gyrokinetic simulation is carried out in a local, field line following flux-tube, while PCI measures density fluctuations along 32 chords passing vertically throu...

Electron density fluctuation measurements on Alcator C-Mod are presented for various density profiles using O-mode reflectometry. Seven discrete frequency channels ranging from 50GHz to 140GHz are radiated into the plasma from the low field side at the midplane of the tokamak, probing the cutoff density layers (ne=3x10^19m-3 to ne=2.4x10^20m-3 resp...

Two aspects of edge turbulence and transport in Alcator C-Mod are explored. The quasi-coherent mode (QCM), an edge fluctuation present in Enhanced Dα H-mode plasmas, is examined with regard to its role in the enhanced particle transport found in these plasmas, its in/out asymmetry, its poloidal wave number and its radial width and location. It is s...

A lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system has been developed for current profile control of advanced tokamak experiments on Alcator C-Mod. LHCD along with Ion Cyclotron Radio Frequency (ICRF) heating will be used to develop regimes with high confinement, high beta_n and high bootstrap fraction and extend them to quasi-steady-state condit...

Research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak has emphasized RF heating, self-generated flows, momentum transport, scrape-off layer (SOL) turbulence and transport and the physics of transport barrier transitions, stability and control. The machine operates with P-RF up to 6 MW corresponding to power densities on the antenna of 10 MW m(-2). Analysis of rota...

An antenna‐transmitter system for driving current in the LHRF has been installed in Alcator C‐Mod. The antenna is a grill consisting of 4 poloidal rows of waveguides, each with 24 guides in the toroidal direction. Power is supplied by 12 klystrons capable of 250 kW operation at a frequency of 4.6 GHz. Thus the total source power is 3 MW, with about...

Current ramp experiments with intense ICRF power injected early in the ramp phase in Alcator C-Mod have been carried out. The goal of these experiments is to produce suitable reversed shear (RS) target plasmas for future Advanced Tokamak (AT) plasma research. Future plans call for off-axis injection of Lower Hybrid current drive (LHCD) to maintain...

This paper is a summary of some of the major results from the Wendelstein 7-AS stellarator W7-AS. W7-AS G. Grieger et al., Phys. Fluids B 4, 2081 1992 has demonstrated the feasibility of modular coils and has pioneered the island divertor and the modeling of its three-dimensional characteristics with the EMC3/EIRENE code Y. Feng, F. Sardei et al.,...

Summary form only given. Phase contrast imaging diagnostic (PCI) is an internal reference beam interferometric technique which has been used successfully in high temperature tokamak plasma experiments to image line integrated plasma density fluctuations. The PCI technique utilizes a 18 deep grooved "phase plate" which is inserted into an expanded b...

The recently upgraded phase-contrast imaging (PCI) diagnostic is used to characterize the transition from the low (L) to the enhanced Dα (EDA) high (H) confinement mode in Alcator C-Mod [ I. H. Hutchinson, R. Boivin, F. Bombarda et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994) ] plasmas. PCI yields information on line integrated density fluctuations along vert...

In ion cyclotron range of frequency experiments, we have simultaneously measured the incident fast wave and the mode converted waves in the mode conversion region in D(3He) plasmas using an upgraded phase contrast imaging diagnostic in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [I. H. Hutchinson, R. Boivin, F. Bombarida et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)]. To exp...

Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) are studied to assess their stability in high density reactor relevant regimes where Ti ≈ Te and as a diagnostic tool. Stable AEs are excited with active magnetohydrodynamics antennas in the range of the expected AE frequency. Toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) damping rates between 0.5%<γ/ω<4.5% have been observed in diverted...

In this paper theory on collective scattering measurements of electron density fluctuations in fusion plasmas is revisited. We present the first full derivation of the expression for the photocurrent beginning at the basic scattering concepts. Thereafter we derive detailed expressions for the auto-and crosspower spectra obtained from measurements....

The fast magnetosonic wave, mode converted ion cyclotron wave (MC ICW) and mode converted ion Bernstein wave (MC IBW) have all been observed and unambiguously identified in the mode conversion region of Alcator C-Mod. The influences of the species mix, mode conversion location and Bpol/Btot have been studied in D(3He) plasmas at B0 ~ 5.4 T (fRF = 5...

We will in this Letter report on suggestive similarities between density fluctuation power versus wavenumber on small (mm) and large (Mpc) scales. The small scale measurements were made in fusion plasmas and compared to predictions from classical fluid turbulence theory. The data is consistent with the dissipative range of 2D turbulence. Alternativ...

Core density and temperature fluctuations in plasmas with peaked density profiles are observed with a heterodyne electron-cyclotron-emission (ECE) system in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. ECE systems typically measure electron temperature only; this ECE system is also able to detect density fluctuations in certain cases due to its oblique viewing angle...

Confinement transitions in the Wendelstein 7-AS stellarator [H. Renner et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 31, 1579 (1989)] can be induced by varying either the internal plasma current or the external magnetic field. In this paper we report on experiments where closely matched confinement states (good and bad) were constructed using the latter m...

The onset of TEM turbulence is believed to limit density gradients in Alcator C-Mod internal transport barriers.^1 We have recently modified GS2 to make direct comparisons with phase contrast imaging measurements of density fluctuations in the ITB.^2 Further, the TEM critical density gradient is nonlinearly upshifted,^1 analogous to the Dimits shif...

_______________________________________________________________________________________ This is a preprint of a paper intended for presentation at a scientific meeting. Because of the provisional nature of its content and since changes of substance or detail may have to be made before publication, the preprint is made available on the understanding...

We study internal transport barriers (ITBs) using upgraded fluctuation diagnostics: Phase-contrast imaging (PCI) has improved spatial coverage and fast data acquisition while reflectometry has two high frequency fluctuation channels. Usually, ITBs are created using off-axis ion cyclotron radio frequency (ICRF) heating. The enhanced D-alpha high con...

In the spring 2004 experimental campaign, ICRF heating, mode conversion and flow drive experiments in D(^3He) plasmas were performed in Alcator C-Mod. The single-pass absorption in D(^3He) minority heating, due to an unfavorable wave polarization factor, is smaller than that in D(H). H-mode plasmas were obtained in 8 T D(^3He) minority heating. At...

Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) diagnostic has been used in the past to study turbulent density fluctuations up to 500 kHz(A. Mazurenko et al, Phys. Rev. Letts. 89), 225004 (2002). and coherent RF waves(E. Nelson-Melby et al, Phys. Rev. Letts. 90), 155004 (2003).. Recently, the PCI diagnostic has been upgraded from 12 to 32 channels with frequency res...

Recent current ramping experiments on Alcator C-Mod with early RF heating have produced a flat or slightly hollow q-profile before a steady state current is reached(Porkolab et al, EPS meeting, Berchtesgaden, Germany (1997).)^,(Snipes et al, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 42), 381 (2000).. Magnetic pick-up coils and the Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) d...

We used a heterodyne ECE system to make observations of fluctuations during discharges with peaked density profiles in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. The peaked density profiles were generated by off-axis ICRF heating and pellet injection. These peaked density profiles are associated with the formation of internal transport barriers. Low-level coherent...

Recent ICRF experiments have focused upon mode conversion, antenna performance and coupling, and wave particle interactions. Fast wave mode conversion into the ion Bernstein (IBW) and/or ion cyclotron (ICW) waves in multi-ion species plasmas should be important for plasma heating, current drive and flow drive. The recently upgraded Phase Contrast I...

The Alcator C-Mod has presented a challenge to install high-power ICRF antennas in a tight space. Modifications have been made to the antenna plasma-facing surfaces and the internal current-carrying structure in order to overcome performance limitations. At the present time, the antennas have exceeded 5 MW into plasma with heating phasing, up to 2....