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Publications (673)
Optimizing production schedules is critical for enhancing the efficiency and competitiveness of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) product manufacturing in the boat industry. This article explores the complexities of production scheduling, including customization demands, resource constraints, and regulatory requirements, which present significant chal...
In boat production, mold floor space is a critical yet limited resource, essential for shaping components like hulls and decks. Efficiently managing this space is vital to ensure smooth workflows, minimize production delays, and optimize resource utilization. However, traditional methods such as manual scheduling and heuristic approaches often fail...
The critical brain hypothesis states that the brain can benefit from operating close to a second-order phase transition. While it has been shown that several computational aspects of sensory processing (e.g., sensitivity to input) can be optimal in this regime, it is still unclear whether these computational benefits of criticality can be leveraged...
The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) and prepulse inhibition of the ASR (PPI) assess the efficiency of salience processing, a fundamental brain function that is impaired in many psychiatric conditions. Both ASR and PPI depend on noradrenergic transmission, yet the modulatory role of the locus coeruleus (LC) remains controversial. Clonidine (0.05 mg/kg...
Brightness illusions are a powerful tool in studying vision, yet their neural correlates are poorly understood. Based on a human paradigm, we presented illusory drifting gratings to mice. Primary visual cortex (V1) neurons responded to illusory gratings, matching their direction selectivity for real gratings, and they tracked the spatial phase offs...
Long-term stable single-unit recording in the brain is essential to the longitudinal study of brain functions. Microwire brush arrays (MBA) compliant with brain tissue are excellent tools for long-term stable neural recordings. However, there are multiple challenges in applying these electrodes to small animals (e.g., mice). Here, we resolve severa...
The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) and prepulse inhibition of the ASR (PPI) assess the efficiency of salience processing, a fundamental brain function that is impaired in many psychiatric conditions. Both ASR and PPI depend on noradrenergic transmission, yet the modulatory role of the Locus Coeruleus (LC) remains controversial. In the present study,...
Introduction: Transient phenomena play a key role in coordinating brain activity at multiple scales, however their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. A key challenge for neural data science is thus to characterize the network interactions at play during these events.
Methods: Using the formalism of Structural Causal Models and their grap...
The initial-dip is a transient decrease frequently observed in functional neuroimaging signals, immediately after stimulus onset, believed to originate from a rise in deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) caused by local neural activity. It has been shown to be more spatially specific than the hemodynamic response, and is believed to represent focal neuronal acti...
Despite the considerable progress of in vivo neural recording techniques, inferring the biophysical mechanisms underlying large scale coordination of brain activity from neural data remains challenging. One obstacle is the difficulty to link high dimensional functional connectivity measures to mechanistic models of network activity. We address this...
The therapeutic use of noradrenergic drugs makes the evaluation of their effects on cognition of high priority. Norepinephrine (NE) is an important neuromodulator for a variety of cognitive processes and may importantly contribute to sleep-mediated memory consolidation. The NE transmission fluctuates with the behavioral and/or brain state and influ...
Access of sensory information to consciousness has been linked to the ignition of content-specific representations in association cortices. How does ignition interact with intrinsic cortical state fluctuations to give rise to conscious perception? We addressed this question in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) by combining multi-electrode recordings with...
The critical brain hypothesis states that the brain can benefit from operating close to a second-order phase transition. While it has been shown that several computational aspects of sensory information processing (e.g., sensitivity to input) are optimal in this regime, it is still unclear whether these computational benefits of criticality can be...
The therapeutic use of noradrenergic drugs makes the evaluation of their effects on cognition of high priority. Norepinephrine (NE) is an important neuromodulator for a variety of cognitive processes, including memory. The NE transmission fluctuates with the behavioral state and influences associated neural activity. Here, we addressed the role of...
Transient phenomena play a key role in coordinating brain activity at multiple scales, however,their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. A key challenge for neural data science is thus to characterize the network interactions at play during these events. Using the formalism of Structural Causal Models and their graphical representation, w...
Illusions are a powerful tool for studying the single neuron correlates of perception. Here, we introduce the neon color spreading (NCS) illusion in mice and report the neuronal correlates of illusory brightness, which has heretofore only been studied using human fMRI. We designed a novel NCS paradigm to evoke the percept of an illusory drifting gr...
Significance
Brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons produce an arousal-related state characterized by a broadband increase in high-frequency oscillations. This perspective was built upon electrical or optogenetic stimulation that artificially activates LC neurons synchronously. This has led to the conceptual model that LC activation i...
Transient recurring phenomena are ubiquitous in many scientific fields like neuroscience and meteorology. Time inhomogenous Vector Autoregressive Models (VAR) may be used to characterize peri-event system dynamics associated with such phenomena, and can be learned by exploiting multi-dimensional data gathering samples of the evolution of the system...
A major debate about the neural correlates of conscious perception concerns its cortical organization, namely, whether it includes the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which mediates executive functions, or it is constrained within posterior cortices. It has been suggested that PFC activity during paradigms investigating conscious perception is conflated w...
In the adult visual system, topographic reorganization of the primary visual cortex (V1) after retinal lesions has been extensively investigated. In contrast, the plasticity of higher order extrastriate areas following retinal lesions is less well studied. Here, we used fMRI to study reorganization of visual areas V2/V3 following the induction of p...
Attention is central to learning stimulus-outcome relationships. In addition to its role in learning, attention has been conceptualized as a sensory filter that improves perception. It remains unexplored whether these two aspects of attention interact at the behavioral and neural level. Thus, we investigated how learning novel stimulus-outcome asso...
Water restriction is commonly used to motivate rodents to perform behavioral tasks; however, its effects on hydration and stress hormone levels are unknown. Here, we report daily body weight and bi-weekly packed red blood cell volume and corticosterone in adult male rats across 80 days for three commonly used water restriction schedules. We also as...
This poster presents a general approach for event-based dynamic analysis in brain states, named DeSnap. The abstract can be found at: https://abstracts.g-node.org/conference/BC21/abstracts#/uuid/1a76348e-c7cd-4417-84bd-2805ed39d9ec
Time series data sets often contain heterogeneous signals, composed of both continuously changing quantities and discretely occurring events. The coupling between these measurements may provide insights into key underlying mechanisms of the systems under study. To better extract this information, we investigate the asymptotic statistical properties...
Rats have been used as animal models for human diseases for more than a century, yet a systematic understanding of basal biobehavioral phenotypes of laboratory rats is still missing. In this study, we utilize wireless tracking technology and videography, collect and analyze more than 130 billion data points to fill this gap, and characterize the ev...
During sleep, cortical network connectivity likely undergoes both synaptic potentiation and depression through system consolidation and homeostatic processes. However, how these modifications are coordinated across sleep stages remains largely unknown.
Candidate mechanisms are Ponto-Geniculo-Occipital (PGO) waves, propagating across several structu...
Digitized neuroanatomical atlases that can be overlaid onto functional data are crucial for localizing brain structures and analyzing functional networks identified by neuroimaging techniques. To aid in functional and structural data analysis, we have created a comprehensive parcellation of the rhesus macaque subcortex using a high-resolution ex vi...
The brainstem noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) is reciprocally connected with the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Coupling between LC spiking and the depolarizing phase of slow (1 - 2 Hz) waves in PFC field potentials during sleep and anesthesia suggests that LC drives cortical state transition. Reciprocal LC-PFC connectivity should also allow interacti...
Cortical slow rhythmic activity, a hallmark of deep sleep, is observed under urethane anesthesia. Synchronized fluctuations of the membrane excitability of a large neuronal population are reflected in the extracellular Local Field Potential (LFP), as high-amplitude slow (∼1 Hz) oscillations (SO). The SO-phase indicates the presence (Up) or absence...
An alerting sound elicits the Acoustic Startle Response (ASR) that is dependent on the sound volume and organisms’ state, which is regulated by neuromodulatory centers. The locus coeruleus (LC) neurons respond to salient stimuli and noradrenaline release affects sensory processing, including auditory. The LC hyperactivity is detrimental for sensori...
The hippocampus has a major role in encoding and consolidating long-term memories, and undergoes plastic changes during sleep¹. These changes require precise homeostatic control by subcortical neuromodulatory structures². The underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon, however, remain unknown. Here, using multi-structure recordings in macaque monkeys...
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03068-9.
Spike-field coupling characterizes the relationship between neurophysiological activities observed at two different scales: on the one hand, the action potential produced by a neuron, on the other hand a mesoscopic “field” signal, reflecting subthreshold activities. This provides insights about the role of a specific unit in network dynamics. Howev...
The insula has been classically divided into vast granular, dysgranular and agranular sectors. Over the years, several distinct studies proposed subdivisions of these sectors, with however no consensus. We recently proposed a cyto- and myelo-architectonic partition in which each sector contained sharply delimited areas (Evrard et al. 2014 J Comp Ne...
Digitized neuroanatomical atlases are crucial for localizing brain structures and analyzing functional networks identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To aid in MRI data analysis, we have created a comprehensive parcellation of the rhesus macaque subcortex using a high-resolution ex vivo structural imaging scan. The structural scan and its...
The ability to non-invasively study the architecture and function of the human brain constitutes one of the most exciting cornerstones for modern medicine, psychology and neuroscience. Current in vivo imaging techniques not only provide clinically essential information and allow new forms of treatment but also reveal insights into the mechanisms be...
Time series datasets often contain heterogeneous signals, composed of both continuously changing quantities and discretely occurring events. The coupling between these measurements may provide insights into key underlying mechanisms of the systems under study. To better extract this information, we investigate the asymptotic statistical properties...
The brainstem noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) is reciprocally connected with the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Strong coupling between LC spiking and depolarizing phase of slow (1 - 2 Hz) waves in the PFC field potentials during sleep and anesthesia suggests that the LC drives cortical state transition. Reciprocal LC-PFC connectivity should also allo...
Significance
In a technical tour de force, we have created a framework demonstrating the underlying fundamental principles of bidirectional coupling of neuronal and neurotransmitter dynamical systems. Specifically, in the present study, we combined multimodal neuroimaging data to causally explain the functional effects of specific serotoninergic re...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an extensively used method for the investigation of normal and pathological brain function. In particular, fMRI has been used to characterize spatiotemporal hemodynamic response to pharmacological challenges as a non-invasive readout of neuronal activity. However, the mechanisms underlying regional si...
The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) is crucial for controlling brain and behavioral states. While synchronous stimulation of LC neurons evokes a single activated cortical state with increased high-frequency power, little is known about how spontaneous patterns of LC population activity drive cortical states. Since LC neurons selectively project...
In perceptual multistability, the content of consciousness alternates spontaneously between different interpretations of unchanged sensory input. The source of these internally driven transitions in conscious perception is unknown. Here we show that transient, low frequency (1-9 Hz) perisynaptic bursts in the macaque lateral prefrontal cortex prece...
Multiple theories attribute to the primate prefrontal cortex a critical role in conscious perception. However, opposing views caution that prefrontal activity could reflect other cognitive variables during paradigms investigating consciousness, such as decision-making, monitoring and motor reports. To resolve this ongoing debate, we recorded from p...
Extensive in vivo imaging studies investigate the hippocampal neural network function, mainly focusing on the dorsal CA1 region given its optical accessibility. Multi-modality fMRI with simultaneous hippocampal electrophysiological recording reveal broad cortical correlation patterns, but the detailed spatial hippocampal functional map remains lack...
Significance
The duration of cerebral ischemia is a key factor in determining the severity of brain damage and the course of action. Thus, an accurate and timely observation of the ischemic process is highly critical. Here we present a molecular neuroimaging approach that enables direct detection and real-time visualization of transient cerebral is...
Significance
We describe a quantitative and robust definition of a brain state as an ensemble of “metastable substates,” each with a probabilistic stability and occurrence frequency. Fitting this to a generative whole-brain model provides an innovative avenue for predicting where simulated brain stimulation can force transitions between different b...
Significance
Neuroimaging studies suggest differences in the underlying biology of sexual arousal associated with sex and sexual orientation, yet their findings are conflicting. Following a thorough statistical review of all significant neuroimaging studies, we offer strong quantitative evidence that the neuronal response to visual sexual stimuli,...
Sensory input is inherently ambiguous but our brains achieve remarkable perceptual stability. Prior experience and knowledge of the statistical properties of the world are thought to play a key role in the stabilization process. Individual differences in responses to ambiguous input and biases toward one or the other interpretation could modulate t...
Thanks to their versatile magnetic and luminescence features, lanthanide complexes have gained a central position in biomedical imaging as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents and optical imaging probes. In addition, appropriate chemical design allows modification of the magnetic relaxation properties of GdIII complexes and the optical...
By making use of the second-level significance testing algorithm, higher criticism, we devise a novel and robust method to effectively detect weak signals in neurophysiological data including neuronal spiking, large deflections, and multiunit spiking activity. We detect and sort of the peaks by relying only on the intrinsic statistical distribution...
Information processing in the brain is conducted by a concerted action of multiple neural populations. Gaining insights in the organization and dynamics of such populations can best be studied with broadband intracranial recordings of so-called extracellular field potential, reflecting neuronal spiking as well as mesoscopic activities, such as wave...
The noninvasive estimation of neuronal receptive field (RF) properties in vivo allows a detailed understanding of brain organization as well as its plasticity by longitudinal following of potential changes. Visual RFs measured invasively by electrophysiology in animal models have traditionally provided a great extent of our current knowledge about...
Discovering neural correlates of subjective perception and dissociating them from sensory input has fascinated neuroscientists for a long time. Bistable and multistable perception phenomena have exhibited great experimental potential to address this question. Here, we performed electrophysiological recordings from single neurons in lateral intrapar...
Glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the most common neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. By exciting, inhibiting, and modulating neural elements and microcircuits, these chemicals critically regulate brain information processing and energy metabolism at different spatiotemporal scales. Although a great deal of work has been don...
The role of lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) in mediating conscious perception has been recently questioned due to potential confounds resulting from the parallel operation of task related processes. We have previously demonstrated encoding of contents of visual consciousness in LPFC neurons during a no-report task involving perceptual suppression....
Significance
fMRI changes are typically assumed to be due to changes in neural activity, although whether this remains valid under the influence of neuromodulators is relatively unknown. Here, we found evidence that intracortical acetylcholine elicits distinct profiles of fMRI and electrophysiological activity in visual cortex. Two patterns of chol...
Cognition fluctuates over relatively faster and slower timescales. This is enabled by dynamic interactions among cortical neurons over similarly diverse temporal and spatial scales. Fast and slow cognitive processes, such as reorienting to surprising stimuli or using experience to develop a behavioral strategy, are also sensitive to neuromodulation...
Forming reliable memories requires coordinated activity within distributed brain networks. At present, neural mechanisms underlying systems-level consolidation of declarative memory beyond the hippocampal-prefrontal interactions remain largely unexplored. The mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) is reciprocally connected with the medial prefrontal cor...
Hippocampal ripple oscillations likely support reactivation of memory traces that manifest themselves as temporally organized spiking of sparse neuronal ensembles. However, the network mechanisms concurring to achieve this function are largely unknown. We designed a multi-compartmental model of the CA3-CA1 subfields to generate biophysically realis...
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the human brain in health and disease will require models with necessary and sufficient details to explain how function emerges from the underlying anatomy and is shaped by neuromodulation. Here, we provide such a detailed causal explanation using a whole-brain model integrating multimodal imaging in healt...
Diffuse projections of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons and evidence of synchronous spiking have long been perceived as features of global neuromodulation. Recent studies demonstrated the possibility of targeted modulation by subsets of LC neurons. Non-global neuromodulation depends on target specificity and the differentiated spatiotemporal dynamics w...
The non-invasive measurements of neuronal receptive field (RF) properties in-vivo allow a detailed understanding of brain organization as well as its plasticity by longitudinal following of potential changes. Visual RFs measured invasively by electrophysiology in animal models have traditionally provided a great extent of our current knowledge abou...
Damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) leads to a visual field loss (scotoma) in the retinotopically corresponding part of the visual field. Nonetheless, a small amount of residual visual sensitivity persists within the blind field. This residual capacity has been linked to activity observed in the middle temporal area complex (V5/MT+). However,...
Significance
The spatial structure of correlated activity of neurons in lower-order visual areas has been shown to linearly decrease as a measure of distance. The shape of correlated variability is a defining feature of cortical microcircuits, as it constrains the computational power and diversity of a region. We show here a nonmonotonic spatial st...
Spatial navigation depends on the hippocampal function, but also requires bidirectional interactions between the hippocampus (HPC) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The cross-regional communication is typically regulated by critical nodes of a distributed brain network. The thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) is reciprocally connected to both HPC and PFC...