Nieves Sánchez

Instituto Geológico y Minero de España | IGME · Canary Islands Unit

Corrigendum to Blanco-Montenegro_etal_2024_VolcanomagneticSignals2021TajogaiteEruption_LP.pdf

La erupción del volcán de Tajogaite en la isla de La Palma (Islas Canarias), entre septiembre y diciembre de 2021, generó una ingente cantidad de depósitos piroclásticos de caída (tefra), de los que aún permanecen acumulaciones en sectores próximos al cono que superan los 3 m de espesor. Durante la erupción, y con posterioridad a esta, se ha produc...

From September 19th to December 19th in 2021, a hybrid volcanic eruption with strong fissural control and some phreatomagmatic pulses (magnitude VEI 3) occurred on the northwest slope of the Cumbre Vieja volcanic ridge on the island of La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain). More than 200 Mm3 of volcanic material was emitted through a main eruptive align...

The identification of extreme wave events' deposits is of the main importance in the contexts of global warming and coastal geohazards. Specifically, improving the knowledge of this phenomenon is extremely relevant for high populated volcanic oceanic islands. In this paper, we analyse two extreme wave event deposits located on a coastal platform fo...

Research on climate change on the natural heritage are very extensive, especially those related to biodiversity. However, researchers dedicated to the impacts of climate change on geoheritage are scarce. The Teide National Park was declared World Heritage for its geological diversity, so that the Spanish Inventory of Geosites (IELIG: acronym in Spa...

The Tajogaite volcano eruption that took place between September and December 2021 in La Palma Island (Canary Islands), emitted a large volume of pyroclasts (45·106 m3), generating tephra deposits (ash, lapilli, bombs and blocks) deposits with thickness higher than 2.80 m in sectors close to the cone and on its southwestern slope. After the eruptio...

El CSIC tiene entre sus funciones la de informar, asistir y asesorar en materia de ciencia y tecnología a entidades públicas y privadas, según recoge el artículo 5 de su Estatuto. Enmarcado en esta función, el CSIC presenta El riesgo volcánico de la colección Ciencia para las Políticas Públicas. Este libro se dirige a entidades públicas y privadas,...

During the 2021 La Palma strombolian and fissure eruption, two faults were identified that controlled the spatial distribution of earthquake hypocenters and effusive eruptive vents. One of these faults has a NW-SE trend (Tazacorte Fault: TZF) and the other one shows an ENE-WSW trend (Mazo Fault: MZF). Previous works on fault structural analysis in...

Leaching tests conducted on fresh ashfall samples taken soon after the onset of the 2021 Tajogaite eruption occurred at the Northwest flank of the Cumbre Vieja Volcanic Ridge in La Palma (Canary Islands) have revealed relevant geochemical trends which have important environmental significance and practical implications. The ashfall deposited on mos...

The UNESCO Global Geopark of Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands was included in the Global Network in 2015. The formation and evolution of this UGGp can be understood through 68 geosites, included in eight geological frameworks that are representative of the geology and geodiversity of volcanic oceanic islands in a semiarid climate since the Miocene. Du...

The Canary Islands is the region in Europe where the most volcanoes are protected through the declaration of protected natural areas, also through the international mechanisms of UNESCO Global Geoparks and Biosphere Reserves, and many of them are recognized in the Spanish Inventory of Sites of Geological Interest (IELIG). These facts may indicate t...

Nine of the twenty-five monogenetic cones recognized in the Timanfaya eruption (1730-1736, on the island of Lanzarote) show syn-genetic collapse processes. Analyzing their morphology and genetic origin, together with the description of these processes documented in historical chronicles, four basic types of instabilities associated with these monog...

Secondary volcanic hazards (SVH) are not usually considered in volcanic hazard analysis, nor are they specifically included in volcanic risk management plans. However, SVH may cause more damage than primary volcanic hazards (PVH). The magmatic unrest on El Hierro Island in 2011–2012 is a perfect example of how SVH can be one of the leading causes o...

The submarine eruption of La Restinga, now known under the name of Tagoro volcano, began in early October 2011 offshore the southern coast of El Hierro island and ended in early March 2012. This eruption produced a volcanic cone, hornitos, a thick pyroclastic apron that prograded towards the base of the volcanic edifice and volcanic products that e...

The volcanic eruption of Cumbre Vieja in the La Palma (2021) is located on the western flank of the Cumbre Vieja and Cumbre Nueva Ridges, a mountain range of volcanic origin that crossed the island from N to S. For 85 days of the eruption it was emitting tephra in the central part of the island, only reaching the entire island of La Palma during th...

This study used spatiotemporal land gravity data to investigate the 2021 eruption that occurred in the Cumbre Vieja volcano (La Palma, Canary Islands). First, we produced a density model by inverting the local gravity field using data collected in July 2005 and July 2021. This model revealed a low-density body beneath the western flank of the volca...

This work constitutes the first geochemical, mineralogical and textural analysis of the early fumarolic deposits that appeared in the Tajogaite Volcano (La Palma island, Spain) one month after the official end of the eruptive process. Fourteen fumaroles grouped into 5 study areas have been characterized following a novel methodology that includes o...

The geoheritage and geodiversity of the national parks contribute, together with biodiversity, to make them protected natural areas that are unique in Spain, but also unique worldwide. Geoheritage is non-renewable and if it is lost or degraded it does so forever. Under the Global Change and Climate Change scenario, the geoheritage of the Canary nat...

Within the framework of the LIGCANARIAS research project (2018-2021), the Inventory of Geological Sites of Interest of the Canary Islands has been carried out, which is part of the Spanish Inventory of Places of Geological Interest (IELIG) for the domain of this archipelago. The inventory has used the IELIG methodology adapted to an eminently volca...

The volcanic eruption of La Palma, which began September 19th and officially ended on December 24th 2021, generated numerous volcanic products and structures (lava flows, tephra cones, pyroclasts, erratic blocks, mineral precipitates, levees, fissures, lava deltas, volcanic tubes, hornitos, etc.). The new volcano is the most modern Geosite of the S...

A las 14:10 UTC del 19 de septiembre de 2021 comenzó la erupción en la isla de La Palma, en la zona de Tajogaite-Cabeza de Vaca, en el municipio de El Paso. La erupción se dio por finalizada el día 13 de diciembre de 2021 a las 22:21 UTC, durando 85 días y 8 horas. La erupción, considerada fisural y de tipo estromboliano, produjo coladas de lava en...

The analysis of the historical documentary sources together with evidence from the geological record is essential to understand the impact and processes triggered by tsunamis on the Canary Islands. This archipelago has been affected by tsunamis caused by different geological processes, of which the most studied have been those generated by prehisto...

Las culturas mesoamericanas prehispánicas del altiplano mexicano, y en concreto los imperios P’urhepecha y Azteca (Periodo Posclásico tardío, 1300 – 1500 AD), experimentaron grandes terremotos destructivos que dejaron una impronta en su sociedad y determinó tanto sus ritos espirituales como su urbanismo. Este trabajo describe varios paleoterremotos...

The European Interreg AGEO project focuses on the management of geological risks in different areas of European countries with territories in the Atlantic area. AGEO will launch several Citizen’s observatory pilots on geohazards according to regional priorities. The aim is to engage with local communities to actively participate in risk preparednes...

Se presenta el proyecto europeo Interreg AGEO que se focaliza en la gestión de riesgos geológicos en la zona Atlántica Europea. En el proyecto tienen cabida todos los fenómenos geológicos con mayor incidencia de ocurrencia en las zonas elegidas por parte de los países participantes. Por ejemplo, Lisboa se centra en terremotos e inundaciones, la Bre...

This project examines the role of North Atlantic storms degrading a Late Pleistocene rocky shoreline formed by basaltic rocks overlying hyaloclastite rocks on a small volcanic peninsula connected to Gran Canaria Island in the central region of the Canary Archipelago. Conglomerate dominated by large, ellipsoidal to angular boulders eroded from an ad...

The evolution of complex volcanic structures usually includes the occurrence of flank collapse events. Monogenetic cones, however, are more stable edifices with minor rafting processes that remove part of the cone slopes. We present the eruptive history of Mazo volcano (Lanzarote, Canary Islands), including the first detailed description of a syn-e...

The evolution of complex volcanic structures usually includes the occurrence of flank collapse events. Monogenetic cones, however, are more stable edifices with minor rafting processes that remove part of the cone slopes. We present the eruptive history of Mazo volcano (Lanzarote, Canary Islands), including the first detailed description of a syn-e...

Canary Islands constitute an active volcanic archipelago. From the time immediately before the conquest of the islands, 17 volcanic eruptions have occurred: 2 prehispanic and 15 historical, some of them with multiple eruptive vents, affecting the islands of Lanzarote, Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro. In order to carry out the geosites inventory of...

Historical volcanic eruptions in Canary Islands have traditionally been considered as quiet eruptions, mostly effusive and with scant explosions (VEI 1-2), attending to the general characteristics of this volcanism. Nevertheless, the geological record of these eruptions shows abundant signs of moderately explosive activity with PDC desposits and bo...

Fossiliferous outcrops are golden gates for the study of past events. The Quaternary is a period marked by several oscillations of the sea level, resulting in several glacial and interglacial events. The Last Interglacial period, with the warmest interval occurring between ~128 ka to ~116 ka (Marine Isotopic Stage 5e or MIS 5e) had a mean global te...

Accelerated erosion is an essential attribute of geological environments in the Mediterranean area, which distinguishes them from those of northern Europe. In addition, young mountain ranges (Alpine orogeny) are also common features in countries like Spain (average elevation 660 m). Therefore, Quaternary deposits are scarce, soils are thin (Leptoso...

The volcanic origin and the short, geological age of the islands have not allowed the development of an extensive paleontological record, although this record constitutes a unique witness of the evolution of life in the Canary archipelago. However, these characteristics support the selection of a series of Paleontological Geological Interest Sites...

Las Palmas detritical Formation constituted during the nineteenth century a paleontological site of forced visit and study for those extraordinary geologists and paleontologists who visited Gran Canaria: von Buch, Lyell, von Fristsch or Rothpletz. Those first works, which had the invaluable collaboration of some Canarian naturalists -as Pedro Maffi...

In the 1960s, the Canary Islands underwent a major change in their economic model, moving from the model based on agriculture to the tourist model. There was a generalized abandonment of farmland, fishing and salt mines, and hotel infrastructures were started, located mainly in the coastal areas. One of the areas affected by this tourism developmen...

Introducción En nuestro país, la valoración de ele-mentos destacados de la gea como parte del patrimonio natural tiene un largo reco-rrido dentro de las actividades conservacio-nistas (Casado, 2014; Díaz-Martínez et al., 2014). No obstante, la formalización de la protección legal del patrimonio geológico como tal no se llevó a cabo hasta el año 200...

Introducción En nuestro país, la valoración de ele-mentos destacados de la gea como parte del patrimonio natural tiene un largo reco-rrido dentro de las actividades conservacio-nistas (Casado, 2014; Díaz-Martínez et al., 2014). No obstante, la formalización de la protección legal del patrimonio geológico como tal no se llevó a cabo hasta el año 200...

Divulgation of geological heritage is one of the fundamental tools of geoconservation, and at the same time a useful instrument for the public dissemination of Earth sciences. To expand its scope and effectiveness, divulgative activities with appropriate contents can be inserted in festivals and other cultural events. The success of these activitie...

Volcanic oceanic islands are large buildings that grow from the ocean floor up to their highest peaks above sea level. It is estimated that only a small part of the volcanic edifices emerge above sea level, leaving almost 90% of the volcanic structure submerged. The geology of this submerged area is mainly known from indirect geophysical studies, g...

The inventory of the Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands UNESCO Global Geopark (UGG) includes 82 geosites, out of which 17 are linked to the deposits associated with the eruptions of Timanfaya, that took place between 1730 and 1736, and Chinero and Tinguatón eruption, which occurred in 1824. The volcanic field originated during these two historical event...

Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands are part of the Canary archipelago situated in the Atlantic Ocean and they have been included into the UNESCO Global Geopark network since 2015. The formation and evolution of Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands can be understood through the visit of 82 geosites, included in eight geological frameworks, which are representat...

The volcanic origin of Lanzarote and the islets located to the north and their relatively young age does not allow an extensive paleontological record, which does not exceed the upper Miocene (around 7 Ma). However, the fact of being oceanic volcanic islands defines the urgent need to preserve the few paleontological sites that allows us to reconst...

Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands UNESCO Global Geopark (UGG) presents a long geological history dating back to the Oligocene, where several constructive and destructive geological processes have taken place up to nowadays. Lanzarote has been built almost only from basaltic materials, grouped in three stages of volcanic construction, one submarine and...

Lanzarote is a well-established tourist destination with numerous geosites located in tourist centers on the island, such as seven Art, Culture and Tourism Centers, the Timanfaya National Park, Cesar Manrique’s Foundation and some tourist attractions like Los Hervideros cliff, Salinas del Janubio or El Golfo volcano. Although these places are visit...

Convective hydrothermal systems have been extensively studied using electrical and electromagnetic methods given the strong correlation between low conductivity anomalies associated with hydrothermal brines and high temperature areas. However, studies addressing the application of similar geophysical methods to hot dry rock geothermal systems are v...

The geological record is a suitable tool for the study of eruptive activity in volcanoes. The hydromagmatic explosive eruptions can generate deformation in sediments, which were deposited on the volcanic cone. The hydromagmatic sediments can be liquefied when the energy released by the explosion exceeds seismic magnitudes of 5-5.5 (sand sediment si...

Risk management stakeholders in high-populated volcanic islands should be provided with the latest high-quality volcanic information. We present here the first volcanic susceptibility map of Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands and their submarine flanks based on updated chronostratigraphical and volcano structural data, as well as on the geomorphological...

The first complete volcano-structural map of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain) has been developed in order to provide a tool for volcano-tectonic analyses and volcanic hazard evaluation on the island. This map is a synthesis of collated and interpreted field data and bathymetric maps. We have integrated information obtained from: (1) high-resolutio...

Update of the Quaternary Map of Spain (e. 1: 1,000,000) and Spanish contribution to the International Quaternary Map of Europe (e. 1: 2,500,000): This contribution deals about a new project started by the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain with a dual purpose. First, to update the geological data of the Quaternary Map of Spain at 1:1,000,000...

Timanfaya historical volcanic deposits are included into the “Recent Volcanism of Timanfaya (Lanzarote)” Global Geosite in the geoheritage inventory of international significance inventory for Spain. This Geosite has been defined by the Global Geosites Project, a global inventory of the Earth’s geological heritage (IUGS-UNESCO) and it is representa...

Brittle strain analysis in Tenerife and Lanzarote islands (Canary Islands, Spain). Preliminary results): One of the parameters that control the dynamics of a zone is the strain field. The studies of brittle strain in Canary Islands are scarce, for this reason this paper is focussed in the study of microfaults by means of fault population analysis i...