Nicolas Ovtracht

Nicolas Ovtracht
French National Centre for Scientific Research | CNRS · Institut des Sciences humaines et sociales (INSHS)

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34
Publications
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426
Citations

Publications

Publications (34)
Article
In a context where the demand and supply of mail and parcel delivery services are undergoing major changes due to the widespread use of the Internet and digital communications, this paper focuses on the accessibility of postal services through the physical retail network. The accessibility constraints applied to the outlets network of Le Groupe La...
Article
In this paper, we propose to evaluate urban road toll with respect to several urban indicators (environmental, accessibility, social inequality, public transport performance, public funding requirements). We used the MOSART modelling platform to test several pricing solutions for the Lyon Metropolitan Area based on several possible scenarios for th...
Article
Making a city more sustainable without increasing inequalities induces the evaluation of new pricing policies on inequalities. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of setting up urban tolls on several inequalities indicators. We simulate a cordon pricing with different levels of prices and evaluate its impacts on inequalities using both income and...
Article
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With the aim of making a city sustainable, this paper evaluates the impact of setting up urban toll on inequalities. We use several indicators (Gini, Theil and Atkinson indices) to measure changes in the concentration of incomes and gravity-based accessibility. In the case of the Lyon Metropolitan Area (France), we simulate a cordon pricing and eva...
Conference Paper
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We present an agent-based model grounded in the standard urban economics framework, using microeconomic interactions between heterogeneous agents who trade-off between housing costs and transport costs to access to job centers. This model is shown to reproduce the standard urban equilibrium with two income groups. Two job centers at various distanc...
Conference Paper
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We present an agent-based model grounded in the standard urban economics framework, using microeconomic interactions between heterogeneous agents who trade-off between housing costs and transport costs to access to job centers. This model is shown to reproduce the standard urban equilibrium with two income groups. Two job centers at various distanc...
Conference Paper
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The paper is based on a French-German collaboration between the Laboratory of Transport Economics (LET) at the University of Lyon and the Department of Urban Structure and Transport Planning at the Technical University of Munich (TUM). This analysis evaluates the resilience of households to different mobility cost shocks including energy price incr...
Conference Paper
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The combination of peak oil and scarcity of fossil fuel with political instability in oil producing states might cause sharp increases in mobility costs in the near future. In this research, municipalities will be tested regarding their susceptibility to sharp increases in mobility costs by means of the vulnerability assessment. Therefore, this eve...
Article
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Résumé Cet article s’intéresse à la prise en compte des enjeux sociospatiaux relatifs à la mobilité quotidienne. En considérant des mesures d’accessibilité gravitaire aux emplois appliquées à l’agglomération lyonnaise, il propose un double éclairage des politiques de transport. Il illustre ainsi l’impact de la mise en place d’un péage urbain (péage...
Article
A study of daily time allocation to travel and out-of-home activity is conducted across eight European cities over three countries: France (Lyon, Grenoble, Strasbourg and Rennes), Switzerland (Geneva, Bern and Zurich) and Belgium (Brussels), based on individual travel survey data collected between 1997 and 2006. The effects of socio-demographic, sp...
Article
Data gathered relating to the Lyon’s shared bicycling system, Vélo’v, is used to analyze 11.6 millions bicycle trips in the city. The data show that bicycles now compete with the car in terms of speed in downtown Lyon. It also provides information on cycle flows that can be of use in the planning of dedicated bicycle lanes and other facilities.
Article
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Modelling framework UrbanSim is applied for analysis and prediction of residential location choice of households in Grand Lyon for understanding the mechanism of spatial distribution of population. The aim of the paper is the evaluation of the predictability of the residential location choice in the analysed urban area with the UrbanSim application...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A comparative study of travel and activity time allocation across eight European cities over three countries is conducted: France (Lyon, Grenoble, Strasbourg and Rennes), Switzerland (Geneva, Bern and Zurich) and Belgium (Brussels), based on recently available travel survey data collected between 1997 and 2006. The daily travel time budget, the dur...
Article
This paper argues for the interest of GIS for economic appraisal of transport policy. In a first part the article shows that gravity accessibility indicators are consistent with the surplus theory. Then gravity accessibility calculations are performed on a case study of the Strasbourg area. These calculations underline the possibility to take into...
Article
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Le présent article s’attache à démontrer l’intérêt des indicateurs d’accessibilité gravitaire et ce, malgré les différentes critiques qui leur sont portées par les précurseurs de la time-geography et de l’Activity Based Accessibility. Ainsi dans un premier temps, l’article prouve que le calcul d’indicateurs d’accessibilité spatiale à partir d’un mo...
Article
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Résumé La recherche présentée ici propose une méthode de description et d'évaluation des caractéristiques d'un paysage qui combine la géographie quantitative et l'économétrie des modèles hédoniques. Un modèle géographique produit des indices caractérisant les paysages à partir d'une reconstitution de la vue depuis le sol, en tenant compte des effet...
Article
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En 2050, la Chine sera un pays développé, le PIB par habitant se situera entre celui du Japon et celui de la France de 2000. Quelle sera alors la mobilité des personnes et des marchandises ? D'après les simulations et des projections réalisées par le LET, et sous réserve des limites méthodologiques et de disponibilité des données statistiques, les...
Article
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This paper presents a study on Chinese interurban transport in 2050. Why 2050? The reason is that China will very likely be developed in 2050. The strong economic growth of China is coming after several other examples, notably Japan and Korea. But China has some particular features : the size of the population, the extent of the territory, and its...
Article
In this research, we propose a method for describing rural landscapes in peri urban areas and evaluating their impact on house and land prices. This method matches quantitative geography and econometric methods used for hedonic analysis. A geographical model is used for producing variablesdescribing the landscape an observer can look at when locate...
Article
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Les aires métropolitaines sont marquées par trois faits majeurs : l’étalement urbain, des phénomènes de ségrégation sociale et le développement de la congestion routière. Ces trois éléments poussent à accentuer les distances, spatiales, temporelles et sociales. Pour éviter que ces évolutions remettent en cause l’unité fonctionnelle urbaine, les pol...
Article
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En 1960, le Japon était un pays en développement plus pauvre que l'Argentine. Ce rappel est issu du rapport« BRIC » publié par Goldman Sachs en 2003 et réalisé par Wilson et Purushothaman qui s'interroge sur le développement de quatre grandes économies émergentes : le Brésil, la Russie, l'Inde et la Chine. Les auteurs de ce même rapport, utilisant...
Article
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L'économie du transport a déjà une dimension européenne et parfois mondiale. Chaque politique nationale de transport doit avoir une ampleur européenne pour être compatible avec les politiques communautaires et afin d'éviter toutes distorsions perverses de la concurrence, auxquelles une démarche purement nationale ne résisterait pas. L'Europe des tr...
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans un programme de recherche du LET qui s'efforce de mieux comprendre les dynamiques spatiales � diff�rentes �chelles. Sur un espace concernant quatre d�partements de Rh�ne- Alpes, il s'agit, pour nous de mieux comprendre et repr�senter les interactions entre caract�ristiques socio-�conomiques des communes qui composent cet e...
Book
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Le concept de d�veloppement durable s'est impos� pour la premi�re fois sur la sc�ne internationale en 1987, gr�ce au rapport de la Commission Mondiale pour l'Environnement et le D�veloppement (rapport Brundtland). Ce th�me de la durabilit� intervient aujourd'hui de mani�re r�currente dans les discours sur l'avenir des syst�mes de transport, notamme...
Article
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RÉSUMÉ. Le présent article s'attache à démontrer l'intérêt des indicateurs d'accessibilité gravitaire et ce, malgré les différentes critiques qui leur sont portées. Ainsi, dans un premier temps, on montre que cet indicateur repose sur un modèle comportemental de distribution spatiale, cohérent avec le calcul économique de surplus. On montre ensuite...
Article
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Distance-based methods have been recently improved to evaluate the geographic concentration of economic activities. For these methods, the measurement of distances between all pairs of establishments is crucial. The Euclidean metric is systematically retained in the economic literature even though the location of activities is clearly constrained b...

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