Nicolas Coulmy

French Ski Federation, France, Annecy · scientific department

Objectives Develop the Markov Index Load State (MILS) model, based on hidden Markov chains, to assess athletes’ workload responses and investigate the effects of menstrual cycle (MC)/oral contraception (OC), sex steroids hormones and wellness on elite athletes’ training. Methods On a 7-month longitudinal follow-up, daily training (volume and perce...

This study aims to identify the potential bias of the relative age effect (RAE) in French skiers (alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, biathlon, nordic combined) and to propose a mathematical correction adjustment for such a bias. All performances and birthdates of skiers on the national and international circuit were collected from the 2004 up to...

Estimating the potential of alpine skiers is an unresolved question, especially because of the complexity of sports performance. We developed a potential estimation model based solely on the evolution of performance as a function of age. A bayesian mixed model allowed to estimate the potential curve and the age at peak performance for the populatio...

Evaluation of an innovative knee ligaments protective device for alpine skiers

This study aims to identify the potential bias of the relative age effect (RAE) in French alpine skiers and to propose a mathematical correction adjustment for such a bias. All performances and birthdates of skiers on the national and international circuit were collected from the 2004 up to 2019. A goodness-of-fit chi-square test and the residuals...

In jumping, countermovement increases net propulsive force and improves performance. We aimed to test whether this countermovement effect is velocity specific and examine the degree to which this varies between athletes, sports or performance levels. Force-velocity profiles were compiled in high-level skiers (N= 23) and sprinters (N= 30), with thei...

Specific force capacities might be a limiting factor for alpine skiing performance, yet there is little consensus on the capabilities in question, and whether they differ between disciplines. We aimed to test discipline (speed and technical) and performance (event-specific world standing) effects on lower-limb force-production qualities. National-l...

Alpine ski racers require diverse physical capabilities. While enhanced force production is considered key to high-level skiing, its relevance is convoluted. The aims of this study were to i) clarify the association between performance path length and velocity, ii) test the importance of radial force, and iii) explore the contribution of force magn...

Comment favoriser l’accessibilité et le développement de pratiques en EPS, en sorties et séjours scolaires? Cette nouvelle collection apporteles connaissances réglementaires, didactiques et éducatives pour faire vivre aux élèves de collège des expériences authentiques et irremplaçables. Celles qui font accéder à des émotions positives liées au plai...

Bottollier, V, Coulmy, N, Le Quellec, L, and Prioux, J. Energy demands in well-trained alpine ski racers during different duration of slalom and giant slalom runs. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2156-2164, 2020-The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy demands of different duration slalom (SL) and giant slalom (GS) events in well-trained...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of the 80s-slide-test in well-trained alpine ski racers. Methods: The sample consisted of 8 well-trained alpine ski racers (age = 17.8 [0.7] y old; height = 1.80 [0.09] m; body mass = 72.1 [9.5] kg) who performed a lab-based maximal graded test on cycle ergometer and...

An evidence-based scientific understanding of factors determining Olympic winter sports performance, recent changes, the evolution in training content and methods, the improvement in technology as well as the occurrence of injury and illness is required. On one hand, this would provide the opportunity to translate research to practice. On the other...

Purpose: To analyze the effects of different training strategies (i.e., mainly intensity distribution) during living high – training low (LHTL) between elite cross-country skiers and Nordic-combined athletes. Methods: 12 cross-country skiers (XC) (7 men, 5 women), and 8 male Nordic combined (NC) of the French national teams were monitored during 15...

We aimed to analyse the relationship between training load/intensity and different heart rate variability (HRV) fatigue patterns in 57 elite Nordic-skiers. 1063 HRV tests were performed during 5 years. R-R intervals were recorded in resting supine (SU) and standing (ST) positions. Heart rate, low (LF), high (HF) frequency powers of HRV were determi...

Purpose: To analyze if live high-train low (LHTL) effectiveness is improved when daily training is guided by heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: Twenty-four elite Nordic skiers took part in a 15-day LHTL study and were randomized into a HRV-guided training hypoxic group (H-HRV, n = 9, sleeping in normobaric hypoxia, FiO2 = 15.0%) and two pred...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the evolution of ground reaction force during alpine skiing turns. Specifically, this study investigated how turn phases and slope steepness affected the whole foot normal GRF pattern while performing giant slalom turns in a race-like setting. Moreover, the outside foot was divided into different plantar...

Background: There is little known about return to sport and performance after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear in high-level alpine skiers. Purpose: To analyze the parameters that influence the return to sport and performance after an ACL tear in French alpine skiers from 1980 to 2013. Study design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Method...

This study investigated changes in heart rate variability (HRV) in elite Nordic-skiers to characterize different types of "fatigue" in 27 men and 30 women surveyed from 2004 to 2008. R-R intervals were recorded at rest during 8 min supine (SU) followed by 7 min standing (ST). HRV parameters analysed were powers of low (LF), high (HF) frequencies, (...

This longitudinal study aimed at comparing heart rate variability (HRV) in elite athletes identified either in 'fatigue' or in 'no-fatigue' state in 'real life' conditions. 57 elite Nordic-skiers were surveyed over 4 years. R-R intervals were recorded supine (SU) and standing (ST). A fatigue state was quoted with a validated questionnaire. A multil...

Questionnaire of the French Society of Sport Medicine (QSFMS). (DOC)

Purpose To quantify the net energy expenditure and the respective implications of the aerobic and lactic energy sources over a giant slalom (GS) performed in the field in young ski racers. Methods Seven young alpine skiing competitors (14.0 ± 0.5 years) volunteered to participate in the study. An inclusion session consisted of an evaluation of the...

Even if the gravity force is the main responsible for accelerating the skier (3), the final performance is also dependent on the capacity to maintain this velocity (inertia principle). Turn in skiing slalom may be compared to a oscillatory system such as a pendulum or a garden swing (figure 1). Indeed, the movements of the skier in terms of deploym...

optimization of technique to improve performance in ski jumping is a complex process to which wind tunnel can contribuate data and understanding. In ski jumping, take-off action is one of most important factor. Coaches and athletes are confronted with the problem of assessing the efficiency of different motion strategies. Mathematics models may pro...

The skating in cross-country skiing is a mode of locomotion practised in three Olympic disciplines of Nordic skiing : biathlon, nordic combined and cross-country skiing. The objectives of this work are to put in evidence of typical behavior appropriate for each of three discipline using skating. All data presented here are collected during a World...