Nicolas Cabé

Unité Inserm U1077

Background Theoretical and empirical contributions have identified insula as key in addiction. However, anatomical modifications of the insula in addictive states, and their variations across substance use disorders (SUDs), remain to be specifically explored. We therefore explored the specificities and commonalities of insula gray matter (GM) alter...

Alcohol use disorder is a chronic disease characterized by an inappropriate pattern of drinking, resulting in negative consequences for the individual's physical, mental and social health. Korsakoff's syndrome is a complication of alcohol use disorder and is characterized by severe memory and executive deficits. The fronto-cerebellar and Papez circ...

Background Psychoeducation constitutes a routine therapeutic practice in most treatment settings for severe alcohol use disorder (sAUD). This technique is considered an efficient way to help patients to learn more about their disease and achieve therapeutic objectives. However, this approach capitalizes on three untested assumptions: namely, that (...

Background The emergence of new problematic alcohol consumption practices among young people requires new dynamics in prevention strategies. In this context, the ADUC project (Alcohol and Drugs at the University of Caen) aims to develop a better understanding of alcohol consumption, and in particular the practice of binge drinking (BD) in students,...

Social cognition is frequently altered in patients with Severe Alcohol Use Disorder (SAUD), potentially leading to massive deleterious impact on the maintenance of abstinence as well as on therapeutic objectives. However, these impairments are currently not evaluated or treated in clinical settings. This paper presents the implementation of a remed...

Background. The emergence of new problematic alcohol consumption practices among young people requires new dynamics in prevention strategies. In this context, the ADUC project (Alcohol and Drugs at the University of Caen) aims to develop a better understanding of alcohol consumption, and in particular the practice of binge drinking (BD) in students...

Functional neuroimaging has demonstrated the key role played by the insula in severe alcohol use disorder (sAUD), notably through its involvement in craving and body signals processing. However, the anatomical counterpart of these functional modifications in sAUD patients with and without neurological complications remains largely unexplored, espec...

Background and aims: Craving is central in the definition of addictive disorders because of its diagnostic and prognostic value. Its measurement is essential in clinical practice. Previous reviews provided a better overview of existing instruments; however, they do not consider emerging substances and behaviors such as sexual addictions. Our objec...

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) results in sleep disturbances that may have deleterious impacts on cognition, especially on memory. However, little is known about the sleep architecture in patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS). This study aims at characterizing sleep disturbances in KS compared to AUD without KS and at specifying the relationships wit...

Sleep plays a crucial role in memory consolidation. Recent data in rodents and young adults revealed that fast spindle band power fluctuates at a 0.02-Hz infraslow scale during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. These fluctuations result from a periodic temporal clustering of spindles and may modulate sleep maintenance and memory consolidation. W...

This study aims to specify the determinants of low-risk alcohol drinking and relapse at different time points after detoxification in patients with severe alcohol use disorder (AUD). Fifty-four patients with AUD and 36 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated early in abstinence (T1). They underwent clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging (struct...

Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important clinical outcome in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and is considered as a relevant indicator of treatment success. While a better understanding of the factors affecting HRQoL would enable to adjust patients’ care to favour treatment outcome, the determinants of HRQoL in AUD remain unclea...

Alcohol use is a leading cause of mortality, brain morbidity, neurological complications and minor to major neurocognitive disorders. Alcohol-related neurocognitive disorders are consecutive to the direct effect of chronic and excessive alcohol use, but not only. Indeed, patients with severe alcohol use disorders (AUD) associated with pharmacologic...

Face au vieillissement de la population, il est nécessaire de mettre en place des politiques de prévention visant à maintenir les personnes âgées en bonne santé et à favoriser leur autonomie. La consommation d’alcool est un facteur de risque évitable de dégradation de l’état de santé et de perte d’autonomie sur lequel il est possible d’agir par des...

Background: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are produced by the microbiota and the liver, and can contribute to brain aging and impaired cognitive function. This study aims to examine serum TMAO and IS concentrations in patients with alcohol-use disorder (AUD) at the entry for alcohol withdrawal, and the relationships with s...

Le trouble de l’usage d’alcool (TUAL) est fortement associé à l’impulsivité, un concept multi-déterminé, difficile à circonscrire. Le modèle triadique postule l’existence, dans l’addiction, de trois systèmes cérébraux distincts mais en interaction. Dans ce modèle, l’impulsivité et les émotions, le fonctionnement cognitif et notamment exécutif, ains...

Resumen La atención oncológica de apoyo (AOA) es el conjunto de cuidados paralelos a los tratamientos específicos contra el cáncer. El cáncer de las vías aerodigestivas superiores (VADS) comporta una gran necesidad de AOA debido a la variedad de síntomas que presenta, relacionados con la localización del cáncer y la toxicidad aguda o tardía de los...

Introduction et but de l’étude Le trimethylamine-N-oxyde (TMAO) est une molécule issue du métabolisme par le microbiote intestinal de différents micronutriments tels que la bétaïne, la choline ou la carnitine. Des modèles expérimentaux murins semblent montrer que des concentrations élevées de cette molécule pourrait être responsable d’un vieillisse...

Les soins oncologiques de support (SOS) sont l'ensemble des soins parallèles aux traitements spécifiques du cancer. Les cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures (VADS) sont pourvoyeurs de besoins importants concernant les SOS en raison des symptômes variés en lien avec la localisation du cancer, les toxicités aiguës ou tardives des traitements...

Background. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important clinical outcome in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and is considered as a relevant indicator of treatment success. While a better understanding of the factors affecting HRQoL would enable to adjust patients’ care to favour treatment outcome, the determinants of HRQoL in AUD remain uncle...

Background: During cocaine withdrawal, transient depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for depression, but promote relapse, are frequently observed. Their temporality could evoke a role of dopamine, especially since the underlying mechanism of these depressive symptoms is not well understood. We hypothesized that variation in the dopami...

Introduction. People with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are suffering from social stigma and may even be denied a full human status. These social misperceptions have detrimental outcomes, discouraging people to seek care for their disease. Recent research suggests that the dehumanization process of people with AUD could be prevented by the use of a m...

Introduction Binge drinking (BD) and cannabis use are prevalent in European adolescents and students. BD has been shown to have a negative impact on neuropsychological functioning, but little is known about the additive effect when it is combined with cannabis consumption. We therefore investigated the neuropsychological profiles of students who en...

RESUME INTRODUCTION : Les personnes présentant un Trouble de l’Usage de l’Alcool (TUAL) sont stigmatisées, voire déshumanisées, ce qui peut entraver leur parcours de soin [1]. En effet, la prise en charge des personnes TUAL nécessite à la fois qu'elles reconnaissent leur trouble, tout en évitant qu’elles en subissent la stigmatisation. La stratégi...

Introduction Binge drinking (BD) is a public health concern, especially in young people. Multiple individual factors referring to different level of analyses - positional, inter-individual and intra-individual – are associated to BD. As they have mainly been explored separately, little is known about the psychological variables most associated with...

Objective To investigate, in Korsakoff patients (KS), cognitive and brain changes over months and up to 10 years after the diagnosis. Methods Two groups of 8 KS patients underwent neuropsychological, motor and neuroimaging investigations including structural MRI and ¹⁸ F-FDG-PET. The KS C group was examined early after the KS diagnosis (KS C -T1)...

Background The aim of the present study was to determine whether the Brief Evaluation of Alcohol‐Related Neuropsychological Impairments (BEARNI), a screening tool developed to identify neuropsychological deficits in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients, can also be used for the early identification of AUD patients at risk of developing Korsakoff’s s...

Substance use disorder develops from complex interactions between socio-environmental and neurobiological factors. A neurocognitive model of addiction, the triadic model, proposes that Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is the result of an imbalance between the reflective and the impulsive subcomponents along with a disruption of the regulatory subcomponen...

Cognitive and brain alterations are common in alcohol use disorder and vary importantly from one patient to another. Sleep disturbances are also very frequent in these patients and remain largely neglected even though they can persist after drinking cessation. Sleep disturbances may be the consequence of specific brain alterations, resulting in cog...

Introduction. La drunkorexie, se caractérisant par l’association entre troubles des conduites alimentaires (TCA) et consommation excessive d’alcool (TUAL), constitue un phénomène récent chez les jeunes, en particulier chez les étudiant·e·s [1]. Ses manifestations comportementales et les motivations sous-jacentes sont multiples et en font un phénomè...

In alcohol use disorder, drinking cessation is frequently associated with an alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Early in abstinence (within the first two months after drinking cessation), when patients do not exhibit physical signs of alcohol withdrawal syndrome anymore (such as nausea, tremor or anxiety), studies report various brain, sleep and cognitiv...

Background: Neuropsychological impairments found in recently detoxified patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) can limit the benefit of psychosocial treatments and increase the risk of relapse. These neuropsychological deficits are reversible with abstinence. The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to investigate whether a short-term st...

Alcohol induced neurocognitive disorder: screening strategies and tools. Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption results in cognitive disorders partially reversible with abstinence. These heterogeneous cognitive impairments affect executive functions, episodic memory and social cognition. They may interfere with the motivational process to abando...

Background Despite severe structural brain abnormalities within the frontocerebellar circuit (FCC), cerebellar metabolism studied with ¹⁸F‐2‐fluoro‐deoxy‐glucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is relatively preserved in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The compensatory role of the cerebellum has been explored mainly through fMRI ex...

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) results in multiple social and cognitive problems with a poor health related quality of life (HRQoL). The association between HRQoL and cognition is well-known in various diseases (stroke, dementia...). While HRQoL is crucial to maintain abstinence, it remains little studied in AUD. Depression and anxiety also afect HRQoL...

The thalamus, a relay organ consisting of several nuclei, is shared between the frontocerebellar circuit and the Papez circuit, both particularly affected in alcohol use disorder. Shrinkage of the thalamus is known to be more severe in alcoholics with Korsakoff’s syndrome than in those without neurological complications (uncomplicated alcoholics)....

Introduction Alcool et drogues à l’université de Caen Normandie (ADUC) est une enquête longitudinale multidisciplinaire portant sur les étudiants de l’université de Caen Normandie (UCN). Elle vise à générer une connaissance actualisée des consommations de médicaments/drogue en population estudiantine et de suivre l’évolution de ces consommations au...

Introduction La gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) est un solvant industriel se métabolisant en gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) dans l’organisme. La GBL est de plus en plus utilisée, en particulier parmi les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels entre hommes (HSH), comme désinhibant [1]. Bien qu’objet de mesures restrictives en France en 2011 [2] il reste accessible...

Alcohol use disorder is a brain disease that can be modeled by an imbalance between three cerebral and cognitive systems. The reflective system, underpinned by the frontal cortex and corresponding to the executive functions, would be involved in the control of alcohol consumption. The impulsive system, underpinned by the amygdala-striatal complex,...

For students, the pressing demands for memorization, top-level performance, and peer competition create an environment favorable for pharmaceutical cognitive doping behavior. We aimed to describe recent practices and the benefit / risk ratio of such behavior and to discuss the issues at stake. The prevalence of pharmaceutical cognitive doping among...

Objectif Le trouble de l’usage d’alcool (TUAL) est associé à des atteintes cérébrales et cognitives hétérogènes, ainsi que des troubles du sommeil fréquents. Le sommeil contribue à l’intégrité des structures cérébrales et au bon fonctionnement cognitif. Nous cherchons donc à mieux comprendre l’impact des troubles du sommeil sur les anomalies struct...

For students, the requirements for memorization, increased performance and peer competition may encourage cognitive doping behaviors. We aimed to describe recent practices and the benefit/risk ratio of such behavior to discuss the different issues. The prevalence of cognitive doping among students was 1.3% to 33% according to the studies, depending...

Chercher à accroître artificiellement ses performances et compétences par des conduites dopantes n’est pas un phénomène limité au milieu sportif. On le retrouve aussi dans certains milieux professionnels et universitaires, notamment sous la forme de pratiques de renforcement cognitif. Plusieurs aspects de ces conduites dopantes les rapprochent des...

Background: In France, baclofen is frequently used off-label for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Baclofen has been associated with diverse adverse events (AEs), but the causality of these AEs has never been properly assessed. Methods/design: BACLOPHONE is a prospective multicenter cohort study conducted in the Hauts-de-France and Normandie French re...

Les troubles cognitifs liés à l'alcool sont une conséquence de l'exposition du cerveau à une alcoolisation régulière et/ou excessive d'alcool, en lien avec des altérations cérébrales structurales et fonctionnelles, notamment sur deux circuits : le circuit de Papez (CP) et le circuit frontocérébelleux (CFC). Ces atteintes sont hétérogènes, elles con...

Alcohol-related cognitive impairments are largely underestimated in clinical practice, even though they could limit the benefit of alcohol treatment and hamper the patient's ability to remain abstinent or to respect his/her therapeutic contract. These neuropsychological deficits can impact the management of patients well before the development of t...

Introduction L’impulsivité, souvent décrite comme élevée chez les patients alcoolo-dépendants (AD), est un concept complexe qui jouerait un rôle important dans le développement de l’AD [1] et augmenterait les risques de rechutes [2]. L’impulsivité est considérée, selon les auteurs, comme un facteur de vulnérabilité psychopathologique ou comme une c...

Introduction L’impulsivité, souvent décrite comme élevée chez les patients alcoolodépendants (AD), est un concept complexe qui jouerait un rôle important dans le développement de l’AD et augmenterait les risques de rechutes. L’impulsivité est considérée, selon les auteurs, comme un facteur de vulnérabilité psychopathologique ou comme une conséquenc...

Introduction Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that has been recognized as a factor contributing to enhanced vulnerability to alcohol dependence (AD) and risk of relapse. Impulsivity may occur as a consequence of prolonged substance consumption, or may predate the onset of the addiction, associated or not with the frequent executive impairmen...