Nicola Maria Grande

Catholic University of the Sacred Heart | UNICATT · Institute of Clinical Dentistry

Surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation procedures are important treatment options that clinicians may consider performing in their day‐to‐day clinical practice. Despite compromised teeth are generally considered for extraction, clinicians must be aware that these cases could be suitable for management by these al...

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of a glide-path on the shaping ability of 2 single-file instruments and to compare the centering ability, maintenance of original canal curvatures and area of instrumentation in simulated S-shaped root canals. Materials and methods: Forty simulated S-shaped root canals were used and were prepared...

This chapter provides clinicians with a growing body of evidence about the detection of canal orifices, negotiation, and management of calcified and curved canals, from simple to extremely difficult cases. The initial steps of contemporary root canal treatment after anaesthesia and isolation include an access phase and a root canal preparation phas...

The need to rehabilitate severely compromised teeth is frequent in daily clinical practice. Tooth extraction and replacement with dental implant represents a common treatment choice. However, the survival rate for implants is inferior to teeth, even if severely damaged but properly treated. In order to reestablish a physiological supracrestal tissu...

Dental caries is one of the most common diseases in the world, and global incidence rates are increasing. The early detection of dental lesions enables a conservative approach to be employed and represents a priority in modern dentistry. Recent studies have suggested that conventional diagnostic methods, such as visual tactile inspection and X-ray...

This European Society of Endodontology (ESE) position statement on surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation represents the consensus of an expert committee, convened by the ESE. A narrative review in the International Endodontic Journal (Plotino et al. 2020, international Endodontic Journal, 53, 1636–52) formed the...

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a stepwise intraoperative activation (SIA) of irrigants during and after the instrumentation compared with that of a conventional activation (CA) performed only after the instrumentation to remove smear layer and debris using different activation devices.Materials and methodsA total of 70 single-rooted teeth w...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of graphene oxide (GO) against Enterococcus faecalis in vitro conditions and when used to coat dentin surface to prevent E. faecalis adhesion. The ATCC strain of E. faecalis 29212 has been used to perform a viability test. The pellet was suspended in ultrapure water, NaCl, PBS buffe...

Surgical extrusion is defined as the procedure in which the remaining tooth structure is repositioned at a more coronal/supra‐gingival position in the same socket in which the tooth was located originally. Intentional replantation is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth and after evaluation of root surfaces, endodontic manipulation and r...

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine and compare the difference in volume of dentin and enamel removed (DER) to prepare three different access cavities and to propose a standardization of the access cavities according to their volume of DER. Methods One hundred and twenty maxillary and mandibular molars and premolars were assigned t...

Introduction Negotiation, glide path, and preflaring are essential steps in root canal shaping procedures. This report aimed to discuss the terminology, basic concepts, and clinical considerations of negotiation, glide path, and preflaring procedures and the influence of these steps on root canal shaping. Methods This systematic review was underta...

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw is considered the most severe long-term adverse effect that can occur in radiation therapy patients. Teeth extractions and dental diseases are the main risk factors for ORN in irradiated patients. The aim of this case series was to evaluate the outcome of primary root canal treatments performed on patients who un...

Background and overview: In this case report, the authors aim to review the standard protocols for endodontic treatment of autotransplanted molars and report on the 5-year follow-up of a clinical transplantation case. Case description: The authors transplanted a mandibular third molar into the position of the adjacent second molar. The authors p...

Pulpal/periapical responses of human teeth that are treated successfully with tricalcium silicate-based materials are extremely difficult to obtain because of the typical unavailability of these teeth for histologic examination. The present case series reports histologic and histobacteriologic findings of 3 human teeth that had undergone pulpotomy,...

The microbial infection of the endodontic space occurs in a necrotic tooth as a result of dental caries, trauma, periodontal disease, or previous root canal therapy. The disruption of the biofilms and the reduction of the bacterial load inside root canals are crucial for the success of root canal therapy. The aim of this study was to compare, in vi...

Calcium hydroxide apexification and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) apexification are classical treatments for necrotic immature permanent teeth. The first tend to fail for lack of compliance given the high number of sessions needed; the second has technical difficulties such as material manipulation and overfilling. With both techniques, the root...

Aim: To evaluate the centering ability of ProTaper Next (PTN) and 2Shape (TS) nickel—titanium (NiTi) instruments in terms of maintaining the original root canal configuration in a simulated tooth with severe curvature. Methodology: Twenty standardized simulated curved root canals were prepared to an apical size of 0.25 mm using PTN and TS (n = 10 c...

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different sonic and ultrasonic devices in the elimination of debris from canal irregularities in artificial root canals. Materials and Methods A resin model of a transparent radicular canal filled with dentin debris was used. Five groups were tested, namely: Group 1 – ultrasonic insert 15.02; Group 2 – ultrason...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that was initiated in 1900; however, it was not until the last decade that PDT regained attention again for its several favourable features during the treatment of microbial infections in Endodontics. Recently, several papers advocated its use for root canal treatment. The concept of photodynamic i...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of environmental temperature, heat-treatment*** and design on the cyclic fatigue resistance of OneShape (OS), OneShape new generation (OSNG) and One Curve (OC) NiTi rotary single-file instruments. Cyclic fatigue testing of NiTi instruments was performed in an artificial canal with a 5-mm radiu...

Aim: To investigate if a minimally invasive basic root canal preparation technique has an influence on root canal cleanliness in extracted mandibular molar teeth. Methodology: A total of 80 root canals (40 mesio-buccal and 40 mesio-lingual) from 40 mandibular molars were included. The teeth were divided equally into four different experimental g...

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of ambient temperature on the life span of nickel-titanium (NiTi) files. Methods: Cyclic fatigue testing of NiTi instruments was performed in a stainless steel artificial canal. During the experiment, 4 different temperatures (0°C, 20°C, 35°C, and 39°C) were used in a therm...

Aim: To evaluate the centering ability of ProTaper Next (PTN) and 2Shape (TS) nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments in terms of maintaining the original root canal configuration in a simulated tooth with severe curvature. Methodology: Twenty standardized simulated curved root canals were prepared to an apical size of 0.25 mm using PTN and TS (n = 10 c...

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by skeletal and dental abnormalities primarily, short stature, aplasia or hypoplasia of clavicles, open fontanelles and supernumerary teeth. Heterozygous mutations of the runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene have been found in approximately 60-70% of cases...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) immersion and sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments. Methods: Two hundred ten new 25/.06 Twisted Files (TFs; SybronEndo, Orange, CA) and Hyflex CM (Coltene Whaledent, Cuyahoga Falls,...

Aim: To compare the cyclic fatigue resistance and bending properties of R-Pilot and WaveOne Gold (WOG) Glider files, at intracanal temperature (35°C). Methodology: Forty R-Pilot and 40 WOG Glider files were subjected to a cyclic fatigue resistance test (n = 20), calculating the time to fracture (TTF) in an artificial stainless-steel canal. The l...

Aim: To compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of the One G, ProGlider, HyFlex EDM and R-Pilot glide path NiTi files at body temperature. Methodology: Twenty One G (size 14, .03 taper), 20 ProGlider (size 16, .02 taper), 20 HyFlex EDM (size 10, .05 taper) and 20 R-Pilot (size 12.5, .04 taper) instruments were operated in rotation at 300rpm (One G...

The aim of the present study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistances of HyFlex EDM (HEDM), WaveOne Gold (WOG), Reciproc Blue (RB), and 2Shape (TS) NiTi systems having different metallurgic properties. HEDM, WOG, RB, and TS instruments were rotated in artificial canals which were made of stainless steel with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, 45°, a...

This chapter reports on the possible complications that can be related to the procedures for filling the root canal system. It begins with a brief introduction and a description of the most common filling materials used in Endodontics, their characteristics and their history. The different obturation techniques used to fill the root canals in three...

Introduction The aim of the present study was to analyze how a low environmental temperature can affect the fatigue life of instruments made by different types of heat-treated nickel-titanium alloys. Methods The flexural cyclic fatigue of 40 new specimens for each of the following systems was tested for cyclic fatigue resistance: ProTaper Universa...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro the fracture strength of root-filled and restored teeth with traditional endodontic cavity (TEC), conservative endodontic cavity (CEC), or ultraconservative "ninja" endodontic cavity (NEC) access. Methods: Extracted human intact maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars were sel...

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of Blue thermal treatment on the bending resistance and cyclic fatigue of conventional M-Wire Reciproc files (VDW, Munich, Germany). The roughness pattern and the microhardness of the files were also assessed. Methods: Flexibility of standard Reciproc R25 files and the corr...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the formation of microcracks after canal preparation performed with different single-file systems as One Shape (Micro-Mega, Besancon, Cedex, France), F6 SkyTaper (Komet Italia Srl, Milan, Italy), HyFlex EDM (Coltene/Whaledent AG, Altstatten, Switzerland), WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigue...

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the radiographic bone level changes of implants positioned via the split-crest procedure both in the maxilla and mandible at a long-term follow-up. Materials and methods: Seventy-one patients were retrospectively enrolled in the study. The placement of 137 dental implants was performed in the edentulous prem...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland) and ProTaper Gold (PTG, Dentsply Maillefer) nickel-titanium rotary files at room and intracanal temperatures. Methods: A total of 120 files were used to test the cyclic fatigue resistance of P...

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of rotary instruments' geometry and surface titanium-nitride (TiN) treatment on the fatigue fracture, through the comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of two endodontic systems that have similar cross-sectional design and different surface coating. Methods: 130 Mtwo (10/.04; 15/.0...

Objectives The objective of the study was to evaluate the shaping ability of curved root canals using Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) files (SybronEndo, Orange, CA) and Mtwo (Sweden & Martina, Padova, Italy) activated by continuous rotation or adaptive motion. Materials and methods Thirty-two mandibular molars with two separate mesial canals and severe...

Aim. The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the shaping ability of three different nickel titanium instrument systems with different motions: Reciproc-Dentsply, WaveOne-Dentsply and BT-Race-FKG using micro-computed tomography. Methods. A total of thirty-six mandibular molars with two separate mesial canals and severe angles of curvature w...

EndoLab is a tool that allows to evaluate the quality of endodontic treatment starting from μCT data. The software is able to detect the untreated surface areas and estimate the amount of dentine removed, the percentage of channel surface treated and changes of radical channel axis in 3D space. The analysis is carried out quantitatively by dividing...

RestorativeLab allows to quantify the volume of voids caused by shrinkage of the filling material at the interface with the tooth, the appearance of internal cracks or other morphological changes of tooth structure.

Effective irrigant delivery and agitation are prerequisites to promote root canal disinfection and debris removal and improve successful endodontic treatment. This paper presents an overview of the currently available technologies to improve the cleaning of the endodontic space and their debridement efficacy. A PubMed electronic search was conducte...

Aim: To investigate the influence of interrupted rotation on cyclic fatigue of two nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Methodology: Cyclic fatigue of 300 new ProTaper Next size X1; X2 and Mtwo size 10, 0.04 taper; size 15, 0.05 taper; size 20, 0.06 taper and size 25, 0.06 taper was tested in continuous or interrupted rotation. Fifty files of the...

Introduction: Many reciprocating file systems (RFs) have recently been introduced. This article reviews the properties, effectiveness, and clinical outcomes of the RFs. Methods: A PubMed electronic search was conducted by using appropriate key words to identify investigations on RFs. After retrieving the full-text relevant articles, the cross ci...

Introduction: During the evolution of mechanical instrumentation in endodontics, an important role has been played by reciprocating files (RFs) using horizontal, vertical or combined movements applied to stainless steel (SS) instruments. These kinds of systems are still in use mainly as an accessory to help in the first phases of the treatment. Met...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the torsional and cyclic fatigue resistance of the new Hyflex EDM OneFile (Coltene/Whaledent AG, Altstatten, Switzerland) manufactured by electrical discharge machining and compare the findings with the ones of Reciproc R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) and WaveOne Primary (Dentsply Maillefer, Balla...

Rendere partecipe il lettore delle nuove tecnologie oggi a disposizione per migliorare la detersione e decontaminazione dello spazio endodontico e fornire spunti per valutare la possibilità di integrare queste nuove tecnologie nella pratica clinica quotidiana.

Aim: To evaluate the influence of different torsional preloads on cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic rotary instruments made by conventional nickel–titanium (NiTi) or M-Wire. Methods: Eighty new Mtwo (#25/0.06) (Sweden & Martina, Due Carrare, Padova, Italy) and ProTaper Next X2 (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were used. The Torqu...

Aim: To evaluate the quality of root canal preparation using two different mechanical NiTi systems. Methodology: 40 maxillary and mandibular molars were selected. Specimens were randomly assigned to two groups and were scanned using a micro-computed tomography scanner before and after root canal preparation that was performed using ProFile instrume...

AimTo evaluate the effect of different torsional preloads on cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic rotary instruments made by conventional nickel-titanium (NiTi), M-Wire or CM-Wire.MethodologyEighty new size 25, .06 taper Mtwo instruments (Sweden & Martina, Due Carrare, Padova, Italy), size 25, .06 taper Hyflex CM (Coltene/Whaledent, Inc, Cuyahog...

Introduction The aim of the present study was to evaluate the difference in cyclic fatigue resistance between Vortex Blue (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK) and Profile Vortex nickel-titanium (Dentsply Tulsa Dental) rotary instruments. Methods Two groups of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments, ProFile Vortex and Vortex Blue, consisting of ident...

Introduction The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cutting efficiency of 2 new reciprocating instruments, Reciproc and WaveOne. Methods Twenty-four new Reciproc R25 and 24 new WaveOne Primary files were activated by using a torque-controlled motor (Silver Reciproc) and divided into 4 groups (n = 12): group 1, Reciproc activated by Recip...

AimTo investigate the incidence of fracture and deformation observed on Reciproc instruments after clinical use.MethodologyA total of 1696 Reciproc NiTi instruments that were discarded after normal clinical usage over 30 months were collected, 1580 instruments were R25 (93%), 76 were R40 (5%) and 40 were R50 (2%). The treatments included 3780 root...

Objectives To compare the influence of type and dimensions of the apical preparation on the cleanliness of the apical area in molars. Material and Methods A total of 120 root canals (MB and DB root canals from 30 maxillary molars and mesial root canals from 30 mandibular molars) were instrumented with Mtwo NiTi rotary instruments to a size 25/0.06...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic bone level changes after delayed implant placement at medium-term follow-up, with three elements kept constant: keratinized gingiva thickness, implant axes perpendicular to the opposing occlusal surface, and implants with a collar of 2 mm. Materials and methods: Patients treated in...

Background The purpose of the present study was to introduce a new device specifically designed to evaluate the cutting efficiency of mechanically driven endodontic instruments. Material/Methods Twenty new Reciproc R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) files were used to be investigated in the new device developed to test the cutting ability of endodontic in...

The aim of the present study was to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to analyze root canal anatomy and symmetry of maxillary and mandibular first and second molar teeth of a white population. A total of 201 patients who required CBCT examinations as part of their dental diagnosis and treatment were enrolled in the present study. Overall, 59...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether cyclic fatigue resistance is increased for nickel titanium instruments manufactured with improved heating processes in clockwise or counterclockwise continuous rotation. The instruments compared were produced either using the R-phase heat treatment (K3XF; SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) or the M-wire al...

Endodontic glide path is the creation of a smooth patency from canal orifice to apex, which can be performed manually or with small tapered NiTi rotary instruments. The use of stainless steel (SS) hand K-files inserted in a reciprocating handpiece can be a possible alternative to create a mechanical glide path. The aim of this study was to compare...

Aim To analyze the symmetry in root canal configurations in the maxillary and mandibular permanent molar teeth of a Caucasian population using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Results Of 45 patients who had both maxillary first molars, 32 (71.1%) had perfect symmetry in the root and canal morphology of homonym teeth on the opposite side. As r...

To evaluate the effect of rotational speed on cyclic fatigue of Mtwo nickel-titanium files. A total of 120 new Mtwo rotary instruments sizes 10, 0.04 taper; 15, 0.05 taper; 20, 0.05 taper; and 25, 0.06 taper were randomly divided into three groups on the basis of the rotational speed used to shape nine standardized simulated canals: group A = 350 r...

Background: The 3D images of dental specimens were obtained by means of micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) before and after therapeutic intervention. A suite of software tools has been developed to assess the efficacy of dental treatment as revealed by µCT scans. Endodontic root canal and restorative therapy were selected as model procedures to test a...

Apical extrusion of infected debris to the periradicular tissues is one of the principal causes of postoperative pain and discomfort. Recent researches have shown that reciprocating instrumentation techniques seem to significantly increase the amount of debris extruded beyond the apex and, consequently, the risk of postoperative pain. The goal of t...

Aim To investigate the root and canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular permanent molar teeth in a Caucasian population by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods A total of 596 permanent molars were included. The number of roots, the number of canals per root and the root canal configurations according to the method of Vertucci w...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance to flexural fatigue of Reciproc R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany), WaveOne Primary (VDW, Munich, Germany), Mtwo (Sweden & Martina, Padova, Italy), and Twisted File (TF; SybronEndo, Orange, CA) instruments used in continuous rotation or in 2 different reciprocating motions. A total of 180 nickel-titanium...

Objectives Aim of this study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of two types of new nickel-titanium endodontic instruments Materials and methods 80 instruments divided into 4 groups (20 each group), GTX 30/.06, GTX 40/.04, Twisted Files 30/.06, Twisted Files 40/.04. All the instruments were tested in two different artificial canals, one...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether cyclic fatigue resistance is increased for Controlled Memory (CM) Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) instruments, compared to instruments produced using traditional NiTi and instruments produced using M-Wire alloy. Two groups of NiTi endodontic instruments consisting of identical instrument sizes (constant 0.06...

To assess resistance to cyclic fatigue of reciprocating nickel–titanium ( NiTi ) files (Reciproc and WaveOne) after immersion in NaOCl solution over several time periods. A total of 90 new Reciproc R25 and WaveOne Primary were tested. The 45 files of the same brand were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 15) and submitted to the following immer...