Nicola Christie

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• PhD
• Professor at University College London

Panoramic cycling videos can record 360{\deg} views around the cyclists. Thus, it is essential to conduct automatic road user analysis on them using computer vision models to provide data for studies on cycling safety. However, the features of panoramic data such as severe distortions, large number of small objects and boundary continuity have brou...

Global positioning system (GPS) trajectories recorded by mobile phones or action cameras offer valuable insights into sustainable mobility, as they provide fine-scale spatial and temporal characteristics of individual travel. However, the high volume, noise, and lack of semantic information in this data poses challenges for storage, analysis, and a...

Background A better understanding of how chronic physical health conditions affect long-term outcomes following injury is essential for quantifying the burden of serious orthopaedic injuries. We aimed to describe the association between the presence of post-injury chronic physical health conditions and (i) the change in health status from before in...

Policy measures in the field of road safety are not easily implemented for several reasons. Interventions can be undertaken in a multitude of policy areas, but it is often uncertain how effective the measures are. Moreover, policymakers may be reluctant to implement road safety policy measures because of the expected high costs and/or perceived low...

Cycling is a promising sustainable mode for commuting and leisure in cities. However, the perception of cycling as a risky activity reduces its wide expansion as a commuting mode. A novel method called CyclingNet has been introduced here for detecting cycling near misses from video streams generated by a mounted frontal camera on a bike regardless...

This paper introduces a conditional generative adversarial network to redesign a street-level image of urban scenes by generating 1) an urban intervention policy, 2) an attention map that localises where intervention is needed, 3) a high-resolution street-level image (1024 X 1024 or 1536 X1536) after implementing the intervention. We also introduce...

Cycling is a promising sustainable mode for commuting and leisure in cities, however, the fear of getting hit or fall reduces its wide expansion as a commuting mode. In this paper, we introduce a novel method called CyclingNet for detecting cycling near misses from video streams generated by a mounted frontal camera on a bike regardless of the came...

Modelling the spread of coronavirus globally while learning trends at global and country levels remains crucial for tackling the pandemic. We introduce a novel variational-LSTM Autoencoder model to predict the spread of coronavirus for each country across the globe. This deep Spatio-temporal model does not only rely on historical data of the virus...

There are considerable differences between countries when it comes to road safety performance, as indicated by the number of road fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants. These discrepancies are strongly associated with differences in wealth and prosperity, as expected, but are also related to national culture. The overall objective of this exploratory...

The global drive for improvements in the efficiency and quality of healthcare has led to the development of frameworks to assist in defining and measuring 'good quality care'. However, such frameworks lack a systematic or meaningful definition of what 'good quality care' means from the patients' perspective. The present research provides an in-dept...

Objective: To explore how people with serious injuries returned to paid employment in the first 3-years after injury. Methods: Fifty-four adult survivors of serious injuries were interviewed at 3-years post-injury, all of whom had returned to work and were currently employed. A framework analysis approach was undertaken. Results: Participant d...

The use of different forms of public transport connotes different symbolic meanings across national cultures. This has relevance when encouraging the uptake of public transport in Asia's megacities such as Beijing or Chennai, where rapid deterioration in air quality has been partly attributed to a rapid increase in private motorised transport owner...

Aim: Persistent disability following traumatic injuries can disrupt future plans and create uncertainty about how to mitigate future impacts. It is unknown how or whether perceptions of the future change in the years after injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore trauma survivors’ perceptions of their future over time. Methods: A lon...

Title: Care coordination experiences of people with traumatic brain injury and their family members 4-years after injury: A qualitative analysis. Aim: To explore experiences of care coordination in the first 4-years after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: A qualitative study nested within a population-based longitudinal cohort stud...

Transport symbolism-what people believe their ownership and/or use of a particular mode connotes to others about their societal position-has been shown to be a non-trivial motivator of transport choice. Furthermore, in terms of hybrid and electric cars, individual studies have demonstrated how their symbolic value varies within a particular society...

Background: Navigating complex health care systems during the multiple phases of recovery following major trauma entails many challenges for injured patients. Patients' experiences communicating with health professionals are of particular importance in this context. The aim of this study was to explore seriously injured patients' perceptions of co...

Purpose: Unintentional injuries have a significant long-term health impact in working age adults. Depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder are common post-injury, but their impact on self-reported recovery has not been investigated in general injury populations. This study investigated the role of psychological predictors 1 month pos...

This study explores the importance of social networks and transport for people who had experienced a traumatic injury three years earlier. Many participants found travelling difficult because of pain, discomfort, fatigue and mobility impairments caused by their injuries which led them to be highly dependent on being a passenger in cars driven by ot...

In the light of the ‘peak-car’ thesis, this paper explores the driving-related desires and practices of adults aged 16–21 and their parents from the UK. Tropes of freedom and independence were commonly evoked; but were pragmatically framed by concerns of finance, utility and risk. Car ownership was prized only for instrumental reasons, and as one t...

Background Novice drivers are at relatively high risk of road traffic injury. There is good evidence that Graduated Driving Licensing (GDL) schemes reduce collisions rates, by reducing exposure to risk and by extending learning periods. Legislation for a proposed scheme in Northern Ireland was passed in 2016, providing an opportunity for future eva...

Purpose: To demonstrate the impact of psychological morbidity 1 month post-injury on subsequent post-injury quality of life (HRQoL) in a general injury population in the UK to inform development of trauma care and rehabilitation services. Methods: Multicentre cohort study of 16-70-year-olds admitted to 4 UK hospitals following injury. Psychologi...

Air travel has grown steadily in the region of 5–6% every year since 1970 meaning that in the UK alone, around 750,000 people use flying as a means of transport every day. Disability rates are also increasing in the UK, with over 13 million people having at least one. Air travel for the mobility impaired has been relatively unexplored, but with inc...

Objective: Increased numbers of people riding pedal cycles has led to a greater focus on pedal cycle safety. The aim of this paper is to explore factors that are associated with fatal and a small number of serious injury pedal cyclist crashes involving trucks that occurred in London between 2007 and 2011. Methods: Data were collected from police co...

Fires cause over 300,000 deaths annually worldwide and leave millions more with permanent injuries: some 95% of these deaths are in low- and middle-income countries. Burn injury risk is strongly associated with low-income and informal (or slum) settlements, which are growing rapidly in an urbanising world. Fire policy and mitigation strategies in p...

Background: The benefits of work for physical, psychological, and financial wellbeing are well documented. Return to work (RTW) after unintentional injury is often delayed, and psychological morbidity may contribute to this delay. The impact of psychological morbidity on RTW after a wide range of unintentional injuries in the UK has not been adequ...

Background In 2013 the London Mayor committed to increasing cycling levels by 400% (from 2001) by 2026. Although the numbers of deaths per year are relatively low cycling in London has become highly politicised with significant media focus on every cycle death in the capital. This study was commissioned by Transport for London to explore contributo...

Background There is a worldwide shortage of population data about non-fatal injury burden. The aim of this population-based, nested, longitudinal study was to quantify patient outcomes in the first 5 years after injury. Methods Adult (>17 years), major trauma patients registered by the population-based Victorian State Trauma Registry, injured betw...

Background Graduated Driving Licences (GDL) have the potential to reduce injuries in novice drivers, who are at relatively high risk. However, there are concerns that some risk taking behaviour may be exacerbated by restrictions on, for instance, lift giving. Within the UK, a GDL scheme is planned for Northern Ireland (NI), but not other UK countri...

Background Cognitive impairment caused by illness or injury, or neurodegeneration associated with ageing is likely to increase with an ageing population. There is a need for clear policy and practice in order to support the safe mobility of people with cognitive impairment. Methods A narrative review of research evidence and current policy in the...

Background The path to recovery following major trauma can involve a long trajectory of complex health care needs and multiple interactions with health professions. We explored the perspectives of seriously injured patients regarding issues that arise during their interactions with health providers. Methods This qualitative study, nested within a...

Exposure to airborne biological hazards in an ever expanding urban transport infrastructure and highly diverse mobile population is of growing concern, in terms of both public health and biosecurity. The existing policies and practices on design, construction and operation of these infrastructures may have severe implications for airborne disease t...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of vulnerable people during flood events, impacts of changes in mobility on well-being and the extent to which frontline services, emergency planning officers and other service providers allocate resources for vulnerable members of the community to meet the challenges posed by floods...

It is fundamental expectation of the Safe System approach to road safety management that those operating motor vehicles should be fit to do so. This report examines the research evidence and current practice in Great Britain on fitness to drive. It covers a wide range of impairments, including ones that are relatively long-term for the individual (...

In the UK, studies suggest that the transition from hospital to home after an injury can be a difficult time and many patients report feeling inadequately prepared. Patients often use primary care services after hospital discharge. These consultations provide opportunities to consider problems that patients experience and to facilitate recovery. Li...

Background: Injuries in working age adults are common, but few studies examine NHS resource use or costs. Methods: Costing study based on a cohort of 16- to 70-year olds admitted to hospital following unintentional injury in NHS Trusts in four UK centres. Participants completed resource-use questionnaires up to 12 months post-injury. Primary and...

In the UK and other countries cyclists are the only group of road users with increasing fatalities and cyclist protection has become a high priority both to reduce the risks of cycling and the perception of risks amongst cyclists. The objective of this study is to apply a systems approach to a causation analysis of fatal crashes in order to identif...

Background Cycling is promoted in London to improve health and encourage more sustainable travel. However, the perceived safety of cycling is a major reason given by people not to cycle. Despites people’s concerns about the safety of cycling relatively few cyclists are injured and therefore there is limited information about the factors that contri...

Background The impact of major trauma can pervade all aspects of an injured person’s life. Many experience enduring changes in their transport routine, as ongoing disability is evident two years post injury. Little information is available about the considerations shaping, and consequences of, trauma survivors’ selection and use of transport over t...

Still waiting for government action despite their costs in lives and money A year after our call to the UK government to take urgent action to reduce deaths and injuries associated with young drivers1 there has been no progress. In the two years since the government’s promise of a green paper on young drivers’ safety, it is estimated that we could...

The objective of this research report is to support the development of the forthcoming Cycle Safety Action Plan being prepared by Transport for London to be published in 2014. TfL wished to improve the understanding of the factors which lead to collisions involving fatally injured cyclists and those with life-changing injuries. The research focusse...

The impact transport has on our physical and mental health and on the environment is increasingly recognised by academics, practitioners and decision-makers. To inform policy-making and research, it is crucial to have access to sufficient comprehensive datasets linking these topics. Large scale surveys rarely combine questions on transport, health...

Background Traumatic injury is a leading contributor to the overall global burden of disease. However, there is a worldwide shortage of population data to inform understanding of non-fatal injury burden. An improved understanding of the pattern of recovery following trauma is needed to better estimate the burden of injury, guide provision of rehabi...

A report produced for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation reviewing the evidence on transport and poverty with a focus on the UK.

Presented at the Association of American Geographers’ Annual Meeting, Tampa, Florida, USA. 8th-12th April 2014. Abstract Title: Transport Poverty: Concepts, Measurement and Policy Perspectives as part of the Paper Session: The metropolitan transport challenge: transport policy, practice and analysis scheduled on Friday, 4/11/2014 at 16:40 PM. Autho...

Alcohol minimum unit pricing is not the only evidence based public health policy that has failed to materialise recently.1 In January 2013, we believed that the UK government would, as promised, publish its green paper on young driver safety in the spring. In the UK, motor vehicle crashes account for a quarter of deaths in 15-19 year olds.2 The …

The impact transport and mobility have on our physical and mental health is increasingly recognised by academics and decision-makers. To inform policy-making and research better, it is crucial to have access to sufficient comprehensive data sets linking these topics. Large scale surveys rarely ask questions on both transport and health, yet these l...

Objectives: To estimate the likelihood of recovery at 1, 4 and 12 months post injury and investigate predictors of recovery in injured people attending an emergency department (ED) or admitted to hospital in the UK. Methods: Participants completed questionnaires at recruitment and 1, 4 and 12 months post injury or until recovered. Data were coll...

To determine whether advocacy targeted at local politicians leads to action to reduce the risk of pedestrian injury in deprived areas. Cluster randomised controlled trial. 239 electoral wards in 57 local authorities in England and Wales. 617 elected local politicians. Intervention group politicians were provided with tailored information packs, inc...

Published study protocol. (PDF)

An example of an intervention package. (TIFF)

Control group information package. (TIFF)

Supporting CONSORT checklist. (DOC)

Objective To determine whether advocacy targeted at local politicians leads to action to reduce the risk of pedestrian injury in deprived areas. Design Cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting 239 electoral wards in 57 local authorities in England and Wales. Participants 617 elected local politicians. Interventions Intervention group politician...

To explore injured patients' experiences of trauma care to identify areas for improvement in service delivery. Qualitative study using in-depth, semi-structured interviews, conducted from 1 April 2011 to 31 January 2012, with 120 trauma patients registered by the Victorian State Trauma Registry and the Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry...

Background The consequences of injury are many, resulting in diverse patient outcomes and recovery experiences. While disability is prevalent post-injury, ‘why’ and ‘how’ patient and system factors interact to impact on patient recovery is not known, and requires a qualitative study approach. Aims/Objectives/Purpose The aims were to: (i) Explore th...

Background Injuries to working age adults are common and place a considerable burden on health services accounting for more than 10% of GP sick notes and 14% of those claiming benefits because they are unable to work in the UK. General practitioners (GPs) currently assess fitness to work and provide care and referral to other services to facilitate...

Injuries are common and make a significant contribution to sickness absence, but little is known about problems experienced by injured people on return to work (RTW). To quantify work problems on RTW and explore predictors of such problems. Multicentre longitudinal study in four UK hospitals. Prospective study of injured participants aged 16-65 yea...

Large numbers of people are killed or severely injured following injuries each year and these injuries place a large burden on health care resources. The majority of the severely injured are not fully recovered 12-18 months later. Psychological disorders are common post injury and are associated with poorer functional and occupational outcomes. Muc...

Additional tables. (DOC)

Current methods of measuring the population burden of injuries rely on many assumptions and limited data available to the global burden of diseases (GBD) studies. The aim of this study was to compare the population burden of injuries using different approaches from the UK Burden of Injury (UKBOI) and GBD studies. The UKBOI was a prospective cohort...

In the UK the most disadvantaged in society are more likely than those more affluent to be injured or killed in a road traffic collision and therefore it is a major cause of health inequality. There is a strong link between ethnicity, deprivation and injury. Whilst national road traffic injury data does not collect ethnic origin the London accident...

Objectives The UKBOI study was designed to quantify important components of the population burden of injury in the UK. Methods A mixed methods study, incorporating a multi-centred prospective cohort of injured individuals; extrapolation of patient reported outcomes to population metrics using routine data from emergency departments (ED), hospital d...

Objectives To determine whether an advocacy package aimed at elected councillors resulted in improved pedestrian safety in deprived areas.Methods Cluster randomised controlled trial involving 617 councillors from 239 wards in England and Wales, from deprived areas with high pedestrian injury rates. The intervention group were provided with informat...

The UK Burden of Injury Study was a major study that aimed to understand the impacts of unintentional injury on people. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were used. This paper explores the patients experience of injury, its impact on their lives from a qualitative perspective. In-depth interviews were carried out among 89 participants of d...

Objectives The UKBOI study was designed to quantify important components of the population burden of injury in the UK.MethodsA mixed methods study incorporating a multi-centred prospective cohort of injured individuals; extrapolation of patient reported outcomes to population metrics using routine data from emergency departments (ED), hospital disc...

The United Kingdom is unique in having a national target to reduce injuries among deprived communities. Between 2004 and 2007, the UK government led the Neighborhood Road Safety Initiative to tackle the significantly higher incidence of road traffic injury among disadvantaged communities, especially among children. The 17,000,000 pound initiative i...

Background: Road traffic-related injury is a major global public health problem. In most countries, pedestrian injuries occur predominantly to the poorest in society. A number of evaluated interventions are effective in reducing these injuries. Very little research has been carried out into the distribution and determinants of the uptake of these...

Objective: To gain an insight into the relationship between ethnicity and road safety among adults living in low socioeconomic areas. Design: Questionnaire based face-to-face interview survey among residents from low socioeconomic areas. Setting: The survey was conducted in five districts which represent the poorest 15% of districts in England and...

To gain an in-depth qualitative understanding of parents' views about their children's exposure to road traffic injury risk in low socioeconomic areas. Focus groups facilitated by a moderator with content analysis of data. Focus groups were conducted in 10 low socioeconomic English districts that also have high rates of child pedestrian injury. Res...

Background Globally and nationally large numbers of people are injured each year, yet there is little information on the impact of these injuries on people's lives, on society and on health and social care services. Measurement of the burden of injuries is needed at a global, national and regional level to be able to inform injured people of the li...

patients which may make recruitment difficult. Emergency departments are often busy and crowded places, and the demand for emergency care continues to increase. 5 Many emergency departments experience shortfalls in medical staffing and difficulties in recruiting and main- taining skilled nursing staff, certainly within the UK. 6 Shift work and nati...

To explore whether population-based fatality rates and measures of traffic exposure can be combined to provide a more comprehensive measure of safety. To illustrate how this could be achieved using surveys from a range of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. To discuss why exposure is important. Fatality data were...

Globally and nationally large numbers of people are injured each year, yet there is little information on the impact of these injuries on people's lives, on society and on health and social care services. Measurement of the burden of injuries is needed at a global, national and regional level to be able to inform injured people of the likely durati...

Dans de nombreux pays de l'OCDE, les accidents de la circulation sont la première cause de décès chez les enfants de moins de 15 ans. Depuis la publication du dernier rapport de l'OCDE sur la sécurité des enfants dans la circulation en 1983, on estime que100 000 d'entre eux ont péri dans un accident de la route. Au taux actuel, un enfant sur 2 100...

This book outlines the progress that has been made in the last twenty years, as well as the need for ongoing change. It provides the latest statistics on children’s injuries, fatalities and trends in transport. It examines the most effective current strategies, identifies areas for improvement and makes a series of policy-related recommendations fo...