Nick Bailey

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• Master of Social Science
• Professor Emeritus at University of Westminster

The neighbourhood in both the UK and Europe continues to dominate thinking about the quality of life in local communities, representation and empowerment, and how local services can be delivered most effectively. For several decades a series of centrally funded programmes in neighbourhood governance have targeted localities suffering deprivation an...

Community involvement in the fields of town planning and urban regeneration includes a wide range of opportunities for residents and service users to engage with networks, partnerships and centres of power. Both the terminology and degree of the transfer of power to citizens varies in different policy areas and contexts, but five core objectives ca...

Social enterprises, with strong ties to local areas and communities, have been a growing phenomenon in many European countries at least since the financial crisis of 2007-2008 and the resulting retrenchment of state involvement in welfare provision. The paper draws on the empirical findings from nine case studies of community-based social enterpris...

In the past two decades governments in Britain have launched a series of initiatives designed to reduce the disparities between areas of affluence and deprivation. These initiatives were funded by central government and were delivered through a series of partnership boards operating at the neighbourhood level in areas with high levels of deprivatio...

Purpose Community-based social enterprises (CBSEs), a spatially defined subset of social enterprise, are independent, not-for-profit organisations managed by community members and committed to delivering long-term benefits to local people. CBSEs respond to austerity and policy reforms by providing services, jobs and other amenities for residents in...

In October 2016, Power to Change commissioned a team from the University of Westminster, Delft University of Technology and Stockholm University to carry out a comparative study of community-based social enterprise (CBSE) in England, the Netherlands and Sweden. National policy was reviewed and three case studies were selected from each country, in...

This Case Study Appendix provides a full description of the case studies underlying the following report: Bailey, N. Kleinhans, R. & Lindbergh, J. (2018). An assessment of community-based social enterprises in three European countries. London: Power to Change.

Social enterprise is a hybrid sector lying between the public and private sectors. One part of this broad category is community enterprise where not-for-profit organizations are established to address particular social, economic and environmental priorities. These organizations often operate in defined areas where significant sections of the popula...

The Localism Act 2011 created an opportunity for local communities to form neighbourhood forums and to prepare their own neighbourhood development plans in urban and rural areas in England. Initial reactions suggested that, rather than leading to the development of more housing, these initiatives would confirm all the stereotypes of local residents...

‘Empowerment’ is a term much used by policy makers with an interest in improving service delivery and promoting different forms of neighbourhood governance. But the term is ambiguous and has no generally accepted definition. Indeed, there is a growing paradox between the rhetoric of community empowerment and an apparent shift towards increased cent...

Localism is an active political strategy, developed in a period of austerity by the UK's coalition government as a justification for the restructuring of state-civil society relationships. The deprived neighbourhood has long been a site for service delivery and a scale for intervention and action, giving rise to a variety of forms of neighbourhood...

This collective viewpoint concludes the special issue investigating austerity era regeneration by weaving different threads from each published article together with further insights. It is a collaborative effort — a synthesis of some diverse views and opinions — that seeks to extract some key themes, trends and possibilities relating to regenerati...

This chapter examines Professor Peter Hall's writing on the inner city in the period 1967 to 1979. In this period, Britain experienced the emergence of new forms of urban regeneration policy initiatives and programmes in a period of rapid economic and political change.

The longstanding emphasis on the neighbourhood as a scale for intervention and action has given rise to a variety of forms of governance with a number of different rationales. The predominant rationales about the purpose of neighbourhood governance are encapsulated in a fourfold typology developed by Lowndes and Sullivan (2008). This article sets o...

There is a growing literature on the symbolic and cultural meanings of tourism and the ways in which cities are increasingly competing for tourists through the promotion of cultural assets and different forms of spectacle in the `tourist bubble'. To date, research on the role and impact of tourism in cities has largely been confined to those in Wes...

This guide to creating mixed income and tenure communities was commissioned by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation in 2007. It explores the advantages and disadvantages of this process and draws on a number of examples already developed in England. The guide concludes that this form of development requires a high quality of architectural and urban desig...

The primary objective is to enable people of different ages, lifestyles and incomes to share the benefits of well-designed housing and the external environment, which meets their needs now and in the future. In particular, this means that careful attention needs to be paid to the initiation and planning of new housing to ensure that local needs and...

Over the next four issues, Planning Practice and Research is publishing a series of articles on the debate about skills deficiencies and the range of new skills required in order to address the ‘new urban agenda’. This debate was directly addressed by the Egan Review in England and by similar work commissioned by Communities Scotland (20044. Commun...

The debate about the need to build social capital and to engage local communities in public policy has become a central issue in many advanced liberal societies and developing countries. In many countries new forms of governance have emerged out of a growing realization that representative democracy by itself is no longer sufficient. One of the mos...

Since the election of the Labour Government in 1997 there have been a series of policy initiatives emphasising the importance of co-ordinated and integrated approaches to the delivery of urban regeneration and in particular Sustainable Communities. This changing policy context has given rise to a shortage of practitioners with both the technical sk...

Local Strategic Partnerships are being established in England to provide an inclusive, collaborative and strategic focus to regeneration strategies at the local level. They are also required to rationalize the proliferation of local and micro-partnerships set up by a succession of funding initiatives over the last 25 years. This article explores th...

Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in carrying out this research and the assistance of the Development Trust Association in identifying the case studies.

This chapter takes the Government’s 1998 White Paper Modern Local Government: In Touch with the People as its starting point and draws on the theoretical literature relating to social capital and public participation. It describes the development and delivery of a public consultation strategy instigated by Brighton and Hove Council as part of the p...

This article sets out to describe the role and evolution of the Planning Network, which since 1994 has explored the relationship between higher education and professional practice. In particular, it has examined how a reciprocal relationship can be developed between planning schools and the world of practice so that graduates are fully prepared for...

Employment and recruitment practices in planning, as in other white-collar professions, have been affected by fundamental changes in Western economies. Changes during the last five years mean that planning school graduates are likely to face an increasingly competitive jobs market. In this article, I review trends facing the planning profession and...

The division of the powers and responsibilities of government in London has been a constant source of friction and debate between central and local government. In the wake of the abolition of the Greater London Council, the Conservative government waited for the corporate sector to take the lead. When this failed to materialise, a complicated array...

This paper examines the most significant changes in London's economy and reviews the institutional mechanisms currently in operation in two peripheral areas of the capital where manufacturing industry still predominates and which are the subject of partnership initiatives. It will be argued that successful outcomes will depend on the extent to whic...

This chapter takes the Government’s White Paper Modern Local Government: In Touch with the People as its starting point and draws on the theoretical literature relating to social capital and public participation. It describes the development and delivery of a public consultation strategy instigated by Brighton and Hove Council as part of the prepar...