Nicholas Aderinto

• Bachelor of Medicine
• Clinical Research Fellow and Clinician at Elocare Specialist Hospital

The recent surge of COVID-19 cases has raised concerns about its potential long-term effects on cognitive function. This review explores the growing body of research investigating the link between COVID-19 infection and cognitive impairment. Studies employing observational, longitudinal, and case-control designs reveal a concerning prevalence of co...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative condition characterized by the immune system's attack on the myelin sheath, leading to neurologi-cal dysfunction. While the prevalence of MS in Africa remains lower than in other regions, it has been rising steadily in recent years, with unique challenges hindering its effect...

The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that between 2030 and 2050, diseases that are susceptible to climate change will cause a quarter-million deaths. The relationships between sleep, climate change, and neurodegenerative disorders are complex. The review delivers a narrative synthesis of the molecular basis of these associations. We utilize...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease affecting myelinated axons in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to significant neurological disability. While extensively studied in high-prevalence regions, its epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes in Africa remain underexplored. This systematic review e...

Background Malaria is a leading cause of illness and death among children under-five in sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria bearing the highest global malaria burden. Despite interventions such as insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying, malaria prevalence remains high. While housing structure and sanitation are recognized as risk factor...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a substantial global health challenge, ranking as the third most commonly diagnosed and second most fatal cancer worldwide. With an increasing incidence, particularly in older populations, CRC demands innovative therapeutic approaches to address the limitations of existing treatments. One critical target in CRC is the...

Background Essential Tremor (ET) poses a significant challenge as a neurological disorder characterised by postural or kinetic tremors, impacting various facets of patients' lives. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), developed in the 1990s, stands out as a revolutionary therapeutic approach, demonstrating promise in addressing ET. This systematic review...

Ovarian cancer remains a significant public health challenge due to the difficulty of early detection. This review explores the promising potential of machine learning (ML) algorithms in this domain. We analyze studies that investigate the application of ML for early ovarian cancer detection. The review highlights the effectiveness of various ML al...

Background Nigeria faces a dual challenge of high fertility rates and limited female education. Studies suggest that education can contribute to fertility reduction. This study aimed to show the differences and quantify the disparity in fertility rates between educated and uneducated women in Nigeria. Methods A repeated cross-sectional analysis wa...

Neurosurgery in Africa is faced with numerous challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, a shortage of trained personnel, and limited access to specialized care. However, recent developments in telemedicine and capacity-building initiatives are providing opportunities to overcome these challenges and improve the delivery of neurosurgical care...

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology is transforming the field, offering new opportunities to enhance diagnostic accuracy, personalize treatment plans, and improve service delivery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current applications and future potential of AI in ophthalmology. AI algorithms, partic...

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), significantly impacting their quality of life and treatment outcomes. While pharmacological interventions have limitations, exercise training has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological approach. This review aims to review the efficacy...

Global neurosurgery has witnessed transformative developments in advocacy and policy aimed at overcoming the barriers that hinder equitable access to neurosurgical care. This paper reveals the stark disparities faced by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with an annual burden of 5 million affected individuals. Despite these challenges, the em...

Background Pediatric pulmonary embolism is a rare yet potentially life-threatening condition, presenting significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges owing to its nonspecific symptoms and diverse underlying risk factors. This systematic review aims to consolidate data from case series and case reports to provide a comprehensive overview of ped...

Background Workplace violence (WPV) is a significant occupational hazard threatening the safety and well-being of medical interns in Nigeria. Despite its critical impact, there is a notable research gap regarding the prevalence, patterns, and influencing factors of WPV among medical interns in Southwest Nigeria. This study aims to fill this gap by...

This review explores organ transplantation, spanning historical developments, psychosocial impacts, and future directions. In the pre-transplantation phase, evaluations of psychosocial factors, including substance use, mental health, and social support, are essential for successful outcomes. However, linking total psychosocial risk scores to post-t...

Background Health workers often face many challenges, with poor sleep quality being one. Interns, who represent the most junior in the cadre of medical professionals, bear the greatest part of this burden. Only a few studies have examined the quality of sleep among health professionals in Nigeria. This study aims to assess the pattern, quality, fa...

Palliative care plays a pivotal role in addressing the complex needs of individuals facing life-threatening illnesses, yet access to these services remains limited, particularly in African healthcare systems. This review explores viable strategies for integrating palliative care into African healthcare systems to enhance accessibility and quality o...

A factor that impacts the health outcome of individuals is effective communication, and language is an important part of communication. The use of patients’ local language during health service delivery has been shown to influence patient satisfaction, compliance and overall health outcomes. A narrative review of existing literature was conducted,...

Background: Rural populations in the UK face healthcare inequities despite the NHS's aim of providing universal healthcare. These disparities include restricted access, transportation challenges, and healthcare workforce shortages, resulting in delayed care and poorer health outcomes. This research aims to investigate the use of telemedicine in rur...

Abstract Background Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with African populations bearing a disproportionately high burden due to limited healthcare infrastructure. Early prediction and intervention are critical to reducing stroke outcomes. This study developed and evaluated a stroke prediction system using Gated Recurr...

Purpose of Review This review examines the potential of vaccine-based strategies in preventing and modifying the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. It explores the pathophysiology of these diseases and highlights the challenges...

This narrative review explores the relationship between air pollution and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Historically , air pollution has been linked primarily to respiratory and cardiovascular issues, but recent evidence suggests that it may also impact neurological health. With the global increase in neurodegenerative diseases, understanding e...

Anticoagulation therapy is a critical component of post-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) management, aimed at reducing the risk of thromboembolic events and mortality. This review examines the efficacy of continuous versus interrupted anticoagulation strategies in TAVI patients, focusing on mortality, stroke rates, and composite event...

Background Congenital malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, particularly in regions with high malaria endemicity. The increased vertical transmission of malaria is partly associated with the high susceptibility of women to malaria during pregnancy. This systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence, characteristics, a...

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, despite ongoing efforts to eradicate the disease. Recent advancements, including the rollout of malaria vaccines, such as RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M™, offer new avenues for prevention. However, the rise of resistance to anti-malarial medication...

Kidney disease is a non-communicable disease and a major global health burden, with increasing morbidity and mortality trends. It is predicted to become the fifth leading cause of disease by 2040. Unfortunately, most people are unaware that they have this condition until it has progressed. Research aimed at systematically summarizing findings on th...

Pre‐eclampsia remains a significant health challenge in sub‐Saharan Africa, contributing substantially to maternal and neonatal mortality rates. This paper explores the potential of low‐dose calcium supplementation as an alternative strategy to the conventional high‐dose regimen in preventing pre‐eclampsia. A consistent association between low seru...

Purpose of Review This review examines the current evidence surrounding non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques as adjuncts to traditional rehabilitation for stroke patients. The review aims to critically evaluate the efficacy of NIBS in enhancing motor, cognitive, and language recovery, while identifying challenges and opportunities for i...

Malaria, though witnessing a decline in prevalence, remains a global health threat. Despite its primarily recognized impact on the hematological system, recent studies shed light on severe cardiac complications, particularly myocardi-tis, associated with Plasmodium infections. This review examines the literature on malaria-induced myocarditis to el...

Despite repeated efforts by the Nigerian government and the international community, under-5 child mortality remains alarmingly high in Nigeria. This narrative review aims to reassess the key factors contributing to this persistent public health challenge. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles and reports published in English was conduct...

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with physical, mental, and reproductive health challenges. Lifestyle interventions, including exercise and yoga, have shown promise in managing PCOS symptoms. This quality improvement project aimed to assess the impact of a combined strength training and yoga pro...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) presents a significant global health concern, affecting a substantial portion of the population, particularly among young and middle-aged adults. This review aims to assess the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compared to antihypertensive medications in managing OSA-related hypertension. A compreh...

Pediatric Emergency Departments (PEDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face significant challenges in managing infectious diseases due to limited resources, poor infrastructure, and socioeconomic barriers. This review explores the burden of infectious diseases in pediatric populations, the diagnostic tools available, treatment protocols...

Nanoparticle-based therapies represent a transformative approach to managing gynecological cancers, offering targeted treatment strategies that minimize harm to healthy tissues while maximizing therapeutic efficacy. Despite their potential, implementing these advanced treatments in Africa is needed by a complex interplay of technological, economic,...

This review investigated the current research on the association between in vitro fertilization and children’s neurocognitive development. Twenty studies were analyzed, encompassing over 23,000 children conceived through IVF, and compared to those conceived naturally. The findings on overall cognitive function were mixed, as measured by IQ. Some st...

Purpose of Review Pediatric myocarditis, although rare, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in emergency department (ED) settings where timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to consolidate current evidence regarding the clinical presentations, diagnostic findings, and out...

Heart failure is a complex and prevalent condition with significant implications for patient management and survival prediction. Traditional predictive models often fall short in accuracy due to their reliance on pre-specified predictors and assumptions of variable independence. This review aims to assess the role of machine learning (ML) algorithm...

Chronic kidney disease is a rising worldwide health problem. Anemia, a frequent complication of CKD, reduces quality of life and increases mortality. Current treatments, erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs), have limitations, including cardiovascular risks and requiring injections. Vadadustat, an oral hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl-hydro...

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global non-communicable disease, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence in Nigeria is driven by various risk factors. This review assesses the national and regional prevalence and risk factors of T2DM in Nigeria. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, electronic databases (P...

Post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) is a common complication of stroke, significantly impacting patient’s quality of life. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging potential non-invasive treatment for PSE. This review explores current evidence for rTMS in PSE, highlighting its potential benefits and limitations. Initial studies sug...

Ischemic stroke can leave patients with lasting disabilities. Rehabilitation is crucial, but new approaches are needed. One promising avenue is hypoxia exposure therapy. This involves controlled exposure to low oxygen levels. While it may sound counterintuitive, this approach triggers the brain to adapt. Studies suggest hypoxia stimulates the growt...

Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a common skin condition associated with Malassezia species. Factors influencing PV development, such as sebum and skin hydration levels, are not fully understood, especially among adolescents. This study aimed to determine Malassezia speciation and assess sebum and hydration levels in secondary school students with PV...

Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and early detection of risk factors is critical for prevention and improved outcomes. Traditional stroke risk assessments, relying on sporadic clinical visits, fail to capture dynamic changes in risk factors such as hypertension and atrial fibrillation (AF). Wearable technology (device...

Background and Aims The diagnosis and management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) present significant challenges. Positive outcomes in STS treatment include achieving negative margins, improved quality of life, and reduced recurrence rates, while negative outcomes involve incomplete resection, local recurrence, and surgical...

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern in Africa, with unique pre-hospital care and emergency response systems challenges. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyse the current state of pre-hospital TBI care and emergency response systems across the African continent. Methods: A comprehensive s...

This comprehensive review addresses the global health challenge of disparities in pancreas transplant access, particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and immunosuppression for procedures like simultaneous pancreas-kidney, pancreas-after-kidney, and pancre...

Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) addresses the unique needs of children in emergencies. This subspecialty faces significant challenges, including the need for specialized training, patient crowding, and the demand for timely and accurate management. Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents promising solutions by enhancing diagnostic precision and op...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) represent a global public health challenge that has persisted for decades. While significant advancements have been made in treatment and prevention, HIV/AIDS continues to have a devastating impact on millions of lives worldwide. Long-Acting Antiretrovirals (LAARVs) ha...

This comprehensive review addresses the global health challenge of disparities in pancreas transplant access, particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and immunosuppression for procedures like simultaneous pancreas-kidney, pancreas-after-kidney, and pancre...

Whole-exome sequencing (WES), a ground-breaking technology, has emerged as a linchpin in neurology and neurosurgery, offering a comprehensive elucidation of the genetic landscape of various neurological disorders. This transformative methodology concentrates on the exonic portions of DNA, which constitute approximately 1% of the human genome, thus...

Purpose of Review This review explores the application of virtual reality (VR) therapy as a rehabilitation tool for children with cerebral palsy (CP). It aims to evaluate existing studies on the efficacy of VR interventions, identify barriers to its adoption, and discuss future directions for integrating VR therapy into CP rehabilitation. Recent F...

Introduction The prevalence of abdominal injuries in war and conflict zones, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), presents a significant healthcare challenge. These injuries, often resulting from explosive devices, firearms, and shrapnel, lead to high morbidity and mortality rates due to delayed diagnoses, inadequate medical in...

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BACKGROUND Gliomas, originating from glial cells in the central nervous system, present formidable therapeutic challenges, especially the aggressive glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Traditional treatments often fall short due to tumour heterogeneity and the protective CNS microenvironment. Glioma vaccines have emerged as promising immunotherapeutic s...

BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of brain tumours is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Current diagnostic methods such as MRI and CT scans have limitations in differentiating tumour types and defining margins. Recent advances in radiological modalities, specifically Amide Proton Transfer Weighted (APTw) and Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) imaging,...

Background Effective airway management in pediatric emergency settings, especially in resource‐limited environments, presents unique challenges that necessitate innovative solutions. Objectives This review investigates the role of bougie‐guided pediatric intubation as a crucial technique in addressing these challenges. Methods A comprehensive sea...

Background . The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly impacted scientific research and publishing. However, the extent and nature of this impact across health sciences remain unclear. Objectives . To determine the prevalence and trends of LLM usage in health science publications from 2022 and 2024, and to analyze variations acro...

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition affecting a significant proportion of the adult population. Despite the availability of pharmacological treatments, their long-term efficacy and potential side effects necessitate exploring alternative interventions. Aerobic exercise has emerged as a promising non-pharmacolog...

Background Headache disorders, including migraine, pose a significant burden globally, with varying prevalence rates across different regions. However, research on migraine in Nigeria and other low-income countries is limited. Understanding the prevalence, characteristics, and treatment outcomes of migraine in Nigeria is essential for informing hea...

Theranostics represents a significant advance in the fields of neurology and neurosurgery, offering innovative approaches that combine the diagnosis and treatment of various neu-rological disorders. This innovation serves as a cornerstone of personalized medicine, where therapeutic strategies are closely integrated with diagnostic tools to enable p...

Complications are plausible events during surgical operations. Surgical complications profoundly impact surgeons, often called “second victims” of adverse events. These complications trigger a range of emotional and psychological responses, including guilt, anxiety, heightened empathy, and the looming threat of burnout. Moreover, the toll extends t...

Background Preeclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E) are hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with significant morbidity and mortality for both mothers and fetuses. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PE/E, associated complications, and mortality rates in pregnant women in Nigeria using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Methods...

Cardiovascular diseases are a worldwide known cause of mortality, often due to dyslipidemia and other modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Rare genetic conditions such as familial chylomicronemia are underdiagnosed and mismanaged. Traditional lipid-lowering therapies, such as statins, often have limitations, such as adverse effects and suboptimal...

Cardiovascular diseases are a worldwide known cause of mortality, often due to dyslipidemia and other modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Rare genetic conditions such as familial chylomicronemia are underdiagnosed and mismanaged. Traditional lipid-lowering therapies, such as statins, often have limitations, such as adverse effects and suboptimal...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterised by its multifactorial nature and intricate interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. As the search for reliable biomarkers intensifies, serum kisspeptin emerges as a promising candidate due to its central role in re...

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), such as preeclampsia and eclampsia, present significant risks to maternal and fetal health. While immediate complications are well-documented, emerging research highlights potential neurocognitive impacts on both mothers and their offspring. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on these neurocognitiv...

Background. Pediatric critical care in low-resource settings faces challenges like inadequate infrastructure, limited personnel, financial constraints, and cultural considerations, leading to poor outcomes for critically ill children. Methods. This review synthesizes information from 2 articles on pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in low- and...

Background Excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) has evolved as a pivotal element in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), significantly influencing procedural efficacy and safety. This mini-narrative review explores ELCA's applications, focusing on its efficacy and clinical outcomes. Body A search of major databases identified studies fro...

This mini-review provides a narrative analysis of the emerging therapeutic potential of Patisiran in managing Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis (ATTR-CA). ATTR-CA, characterized by the deposition of misfolded transthyretin proteins in cardiac tissue, leads to progressive heart failure, significantly impacting affected individuals' quality of life a...

Endometrial cancer constitutes a substantial proportion of gynaecological malignancies globally, representing 83% of uterine corpus cancers. With an annual incidence of 60,000 new cases and 11,000 deaths, it is a significant health concern. Emerging molecular therapies, including pembrolizumab and dostarlimab, show promise in advanced cases. This s...

Epilepsy presents challenges in seizure management and cognitive deficits despite medical advancements. Virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a promising tool in epilepsy care, offering innovative approaches beyond traditional therapies. This narrative review explores current trends, challenges in implementation, and future directions of V...

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a pivotal factor in gliomas, contributing to their complexity, progression, and therapeutic challenges. CIN, characterized by frequent genomic alterations during mitosis, leads to genetic abnormalities and impacts cellular functions. This instability results from various factors, including replication errors and tox...

Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) addresses the unique needs of children in emergencies. This subspecialty faces significant challenges, including the need for specialized training, patient crowding, and the demand for timely and accurate management. Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents promising solutions by enhancing diagnostic precision and op...

Background Gliomas, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are highly aggressive brain tumors that present significant challenges in oncology due to their rapid progression and resistance to conventional therapies. Despite advancements in treatment, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor, necessitating the exploration of novel therap...

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disorder characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which can lead to left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. Traditional treatments often provide limited symptom relief and may not adequately reduce the LVOT gradient. Myosin inhibitors, such as aficamten, offer a new thera...

Ischaemic stroke, a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, necessitates effective biomarkers for enhanced diagnostic and prognostic stratification. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), particularly miR-210, have emerged as promising candidates due to their intricate regulatory roles in cellular responses to hypoxia and neuroprotective effects. This study...

Ischaemic stroke, a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, necessitates effective biomarkers for enhanced diagnostic and prognostic stratification. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), particularly miR-210, have emerged as promising candidates due to their intricate regulatory roles in cellular responses to hypoxia and neuroprotective effects. This study...

This review explores the efficacy of structured exercise interventions in improving physical fitness and quality of life in adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA). SCA is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production, leading to complications such as vaso-occlusive crises and anemia. Despite advances in management, individuals wi...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the presence of kidney damage persisting for 3 months or more. Kidney transplantation stands as a vital intervention for individuals grappling with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Africa, offering the promise of extended life and improved quality of life. However, numerous challenges hinder its widesprea...

This review explores the immunomodulatory potential of Teplizumab and its impact on pancreatic β-cell function in T1D. Characterized by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, T1D's management involves maintaining glycemic control through exogenous insulin. Teplizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the CD3 antigen, h...

Aims Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) poses unique challenges for social interaction and communication skills development in children. Various interventions, including virtual reality (VR) and social skills training, have emerged as potential approaches to address these challenges. This systematic review aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness...

Background and aims In low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), a shortage of skilled surgical practitioners hampers healthcare delivery, impacting well‐being and economic growth. Surgical mentorship programs offer a promising solution but face challenges in implementation. This review aims to comprehensively assess the impact of surgical mentorsh...

Renal diseases pose significant challenges to global health. With conditions like chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the rise, there is an urgent need for deeper insights into their underlying mechanisms and risk factors to improve patient outcomes. Genomic research has emerged as a powerful tool in unraveling the complex genetic architecture of renal...