Nguyen Viet Nhung

• MD. PhD.
• Managing Director at Vietnam National Lung Hospital, NTP, HMU, Hanoi, Viet Nam

Background Drug‐related adverse events cause poorer treatment outcomes amongst people with multi‐drug‐resistant tuberculosis, exacerbating a major global public health problem. The Harnessing new mHealth technologies to Strengthen the Management of Multi‐Drug‐Resistant Tuberculosis in Vietnam (V‐SMART) trial tests whether a mobile health (mHealth)...

Background: Prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a global health priority. However, trials evaluating the effectiveness of treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among contacts of persons with drug-resistant tuberculosis are lacking. Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing 6 months of daily lev...

Background: Data from randomized trials evaluating the effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment for contacts of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB are lacking. Two recently published randomized trials that did not achieve statistical significance provide the opportunity for a meta-analysis. Methods: We conducted combined analyses of two...

Rationale: C-reactive protein (CRP)-based tuberculosis (TB) screening is recommended for people with HIV. However, its performance among people without HIV and in diverse settings is unknown. Objectives: In a multicountry study, we aimed to determine whether CRP meets the minimum accuracy targets (sensitivity ⩾ 90%, specificity ⩾ 70%) for an effect...

Background Diagnostic delays for tuberculosis are common, with high resultant mortality. Urine-Xpert Ultra (Cepheid) could improve time to diagnosis of tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance. We previously reported on lot-to-lot variation of the Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM. In this prespecified secondary analysis of the same cohort, we aimed to...

Background Previously, drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients were treated with long, toxic, and relatively ineffective regimens. However, in recent years, there have been major improvements made. The 2020 World Health Organization DR-TB Treatment guidelines recommended the use of a 6-months all-oral BPaL (bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezoli...

Background Accessible, accurate screening tests are necessary to advance tuberculosis (TB) case finding and early detection in high-burden countries. Methods We prospectively screened adults with ≥2 weeks of cough at primary health centers in the Philippines, Vietnam, South Africa, Uganda, and India. Participants received chest-X-ray, Cepheid Xper...

Background In many settings, Tuberculosis (TB) represents a catastrophic life event that substantially impairs a person’s Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). We aimed to measure the impact of TB disease and treatment on HRQoL in Viet Nam. Methods This study took place in four provinces from Oct-2020 to Sep-2022. Persons initiated on TB treatmen...

The Phase 3 randomized controlled trial, TBTC Study 31/ACTG A5349 (NCT02410772) demonstrated that a 4-month rifapentine-moxifloxacin regimen for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis was safe and effective. The primary efficacy outcome was 12-month tuberculosis disease free survival, while the primary safety outcome was the proportion of grade 3...

Cough is a common and commonly ignored symptom of lung disease. Cough is often perceived as difficult to quantify, frequently self-limiting, and non-specific. However, cough has a central role in the clinical detection of many lung diseases including tuberculosis (TB), which remains the leading infectious disease killer worldwide. TB screening curr...

Objective In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys revealed that approximately 98% of individuals with pulmonary TB have TB-presumptive abnormalities on chest radiographs, while 32% have no TB symptoms. This prompted the adoption of the “Double X” strategy, which combines chest radiographs and computer-aided detection with GeneXpert testin...

This study presents the development of a software support system aimed at improving targeted treatment outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by utilizing genetic mutation analysis data. PubMed BERT model were generated to identify tumor gene mutated features associated with gene-drug responses. Then the best classifier with highest accurac...

Background CD4 measurement is pivotal in the management of advanced HIV disease. VISITECT® CD4 Advanced Disease (AccuBio Limited, Alva, UK; VISITECT) is an instrument-free, point-of-care, semi-quantitative test allowing visual identification of a CD4 ≤200 cells/µl, or >200 cells/µl from finger-prick or venous blood. Methods As part of a diagnostic...

Rationale: Optimizing pyrazinamide dosing is critical to improve treatment efficacy while minimizing toxicity during tuberculosis treatment. Study 31/ACTG A5349 represents the largest Phase 3 randomized controlled therapeutic trial to date for such investigation. Objectives: We sought to report pyrazinamide pharmacokinetic parameters, risk facto...

Countries that are high burden for TB must reverse the COVID-19 pandemic’s devastating effects to accelerate progress toward ending TB. Vietnam’s Double X (2X) strategy uses chest radiography (CXR) and GeneXpert (Xpert) rapid diagnostic testing to improve early detection of TB disease. Household contacts and vulnerable populations (e.g., individual...

Background: Accessible, accurate screening tests are necessary to advance tuberculosis (TB) case finding and early detection in high-burden countries. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of available TB triage tests. Methods: We prospectively screened consecutive adults with ≥2 weeks of cough presenting to primary health centers in the Philippines,...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide, partly due to a lack of effective strategies to screen and triage individuals with potential TB. Whole blood RNA signatures have been tested as biomarkers for TB, but have failed to meet the World Health Organization’s (WHO) optimal target product profiles (TPP...

There is an urgent need for rapid, non-sputum point-of-care diagnostics to detect tuberculosis. This prospective trial in seven high tuberculosis burden countries evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the point-of-care urine-based lipoarabinomannan assay FUJIFILM SILVAMP TB LAM (FujiLAM) among inpatients and outpatients living with HIV. Diagnostic p...

Simpler, shorter, safer and more effective treatments for tuberculosis that are easily accessible to all people with tuberculosis are desperately needed. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed target regimen profiles for the treatment of tuberculosis to make drug developers aware of both the important features of treatment regimens,...

Đặt vấn đề: Điều trị nhắm trúng đích cho bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ (UTPKTBN) có đột biến EGFR giúp cải thiện chất lượng cuộc sống cũng như thời gian sống thêm cho bệnh nhân. Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi tập trung vào việc đánh giá kết quả điều trị ở những bệnh nhân mắc UTPKTBN có đồng đột biến gen EGFR, từ đó tiên lượng đáp ứng điều trị v...

Đặt vấn đề: Điều trị đích ở bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bảo nhỏ giúp cải thiện đáng kể thời gian sống còn cũng như chất lượng cuộc sống cho bệnh nhân có đột biến EGFR. Sự xuất hiện đồng thời đột biến EGFR/PIK3CA được xem là yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến hiệu quả điều trị thuốc điều trị đích EGFR (EGFR-TKIs) ở bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ (UTP...

Importance. Open-access data challenges have the potential to accelerate innovation in artificial-intelligence (AI)-based tools for global health. A specimen-free rapid triage method for TB is a global health priority. Objective. To develop and validate cough sound-based AI algorithms for tuberculosis (TB) through the Cough Diagnostic Algorithm for...

Rationale: C-reactive protein (CRP)-based tuberculosis (TB) screening is recommended for people with HIV (PWH). However, its performance among people without HIV and in diverse settings is unknown. Objectives: In a multi-country study, we aimed to determine whether CRP meets the minimum accuracy targets (sensitivity ≥90%, specificity ≥70%) for an e...

Cough is a common and commonly ignored symptom of lung disease. Cough is often perceived as difficult to quantify, frequently self-limiting, and non-specific. However, cough has a central role in the clinical detection of many lung diseases including tuberculosis (TB), which remains the leading infectious disease killer worldwide. TB screening curr...

Background: Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is a key component of tuberculosis elimination. To improve completion and reduce the burden for people and health systems, short, safe, and effective TPT regimens are needed. We aimed to compare safety and treatment completion of various doses and durations of rifampicin in people who were recomme...

Objective We conducted a descriptive analysis of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Vietnam’s two largest cities, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city. Methods All patients with rifampicin resistant tuberculosis were recruited from Hanoi and surrounding provinces between 2020 and 2022. Additional patients were recruited from Ho Chi Minh city over...

Purpose: Evaluate the initial treatment results of non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR and ALK concurrent mutations. Subjects and methods: A prospective study, non-controlled description, and longitudinal follow-up of 6 patients with stage IIIB-IV non-small cell lung cancer, with EGFR and ALK concurrent mutations, at the National Lung Hospital, fr...

Background Non-sputum-based triage tests for tuberculosis are a priority for ending tuberculosis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the late-prototype Xpert MTB Host Response (Xpert HR) blood-based assay.

Introduction The Strengthen the Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Vietnam (V-SMART) trial is a randomised controlled trial of using mobile health (mHealth) technologies to improve adherence to medications and management of adverse events (AEs) in people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) undergoing treatment in Vietnam....

To achieve the Sustainable Development Goal’s targets of universal health coverage (UHC) and poverty reduction, interventions are required that strengthen and harmonize both UHC and social protection. Vietnam is committed to achieving financial protection and over 90% of the general population has enrolled in its social health insurance (SHI) schem...

Background Globally, most people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and their households experience catastrophic costs of illness, diagnosis, and care. However, the factors associated with experiencing catastrophic costs are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with catastrophic costs incurrence among...

Introduction: Tepotinib (a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor) + osimertinib has shown promising efficacy in patients (pts) with EGFR-mutant (EGFRm) MET amplification (METamp) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who have a high unmet need after progression on first-line (1L) osimertinib. We report the primary analysis of tepotinib + osimertinib from INS...

To reach the millions of people with tuberculosis (TB) undiagnosed each year, there is an important need to provide people-centered screening and testing services. Despite people-centered care being a key pillar of the WHO END-TB Strategy, there have been few attempts to formally characterize and integrate the preferences of people most affected by...

In Vietnam, chest radiography (CXR) is used to refer people for GeneXpert (Xpert) testing to diagnose tuberculosis (TB), demonstrating high yield for TB but a wide range of CXR abnormality rates. In a multi-center implementation study, computer-aided detection (CAD) was integrated into facility-based TB case finding to standardize CXR interpretatio...

Current WHO-recommended diagnostic tools for tuberculosis infection (TBI) have well-known limitations and viable alternatives are urgently needed. We compared the diagnostic performance and accuracy of the novel QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB assay (QIAreach; index) to the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus assay (QFT-Plus; reference). The sample included 261 adult...

Background Tobacco remains the leading cause of preventable death globally. Vietnam’s 2012 Law on Prevention and Control of Tobacco Harms establishes all healthcare facilities as smoke-free environments. We aimed to evaluate the implementation of these policies within health facilities across Vietnam. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken...

Introduction: The health and economic burden of tuberculosis (TB) in urban Viet Nam is high. Social protection and support interventions can improve treatment outcomes and reduce costs. However, evidence regarding optimal strategies in this context is lacking. This study aimed to increase understanding of what people with TB and healthcare provide...

Introduction: The incidence and mortality of lung cancer are highest in Asia compared with Europe and USA, with the incidence and mortality rates being 34.4 and 28.1 per 100,000 respectively in East Asia. Diagnosing lung cancer at early stages makes the disease amenable to curative treatment and reduces mortality. In some areas in Asia, limited av...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) out-patient clinic is for stable patients but it requires patient’s adherence to medicine and medical checkups. Our study aimed to assess COPD out-patient clinics management efficacy with respect to medication adherence and treatment costs at 3 out-patient clinics. Data were collected through 514 patient...

9021 Background: METamp is a common resistance mechanism developed in patients (pts) with EGFRm NSCLC treated with osimertinib. MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as tepotinib may be effective in treating these pts after osimertinib. Here we report interim data from the INSIGHT 2 study evaluating tepotinib + osimertinib in EGFRm NSCLC with...

Background There is extensive evidence for the cost-effectiveness of programmatic and additional tuberculosis (TB) interventions, but no studies have employed the social return on investment (SROI) methodology. We conducted a SROI analysis to measure the benefits of a community health worker (CHW) model for active TB case finding and patient-center...

To assess sex disparities in tuberculosis in Vietnam, we conducted a nested, case-control study based on a 2017 tuberculosis prevalence survey. We defined the case group as all survey participants with laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis and the control group as a randomly selected group of participants with no tuberculosis. We used structural equati...

Introduction: We developed a standardized method, "Possible poor treatment response" (PPTR), to help ascertain efficacy endpoints in Study S31/A5349 (NCT02410772), an open-label trial comparing two 4-month rifapentine-based regimens with a standard 6-month regimen for the treatment of pulmonary TB. We describe the use of the PPTR process and evalu...

Objectives: To end tuberculosis (TB), the vast reservoir of 1.7-2.3 billion TB infections (TBIs) must be addressed, but achieving global TB preventive therapy (TPT) targets seems unlikely. This study assessed the feasibility of using interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) at lower healthcare levels and the comparative performance of 3-month and 9-mon...

Introduction Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is an essential component for TB elimination. In order to be successfully implemented on a large scale, TPT needs to be safe, affordable and widely available in all settings. Short TPT regimens, that are less burdensome than longer regimens, to patients and health systems, are needed. Doses of ri...

Background: Subclinical tuberculosis has been increasingly recognized as a separate state in the spectrum of the disease. However, evidence on the transmissibility of subclinical tuberculosis is still inconclusive. Methods: We reanalysed the data from the 2007 combined tuberculosis prevalence and tuberculin surveys in Vietnam. Poisson regression...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide. This is partly due to a lack of tools to effectively screen and triage individuals with potential TB. Whole blood RNA signatures have been extensively studied as potential biomarkers for TB, but they have failed to meet the World Health Organization’s (WHOs) ta...

Bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính (COPD) phổ biến trên lâm sàng và là nguyên nhân tử vong hàng thứ 3 trên toàn cầu. Sáng kiến toàn cầu phòng chống COPD (GOLD) nhấn mạnh tập trung quản lý tốt ngoại trú sẽ giúp giảm gánh nặng bệnh tật, giảm tỷ lệ đợt cấp và tiết kiệm chi phí điều trị. Vì vậy, chúng tôi tiến hành nghiên cứu quan sát mô tả tại 3 đơn vị quản...

SETTING: In 2020, the National TB Programme (NTP) of Vietnam conducted an implementation pilot of the Simple One-Step (SOS) stool processing method using Xpert ® MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) among children and people living with HIV (PLHIV) with signs and symptoms of TB. DESIGN and OBJECTIVES: Using data from this pilot and collecting information on healt...

We evaluated the performance of three commercially available computer-aided detection software to triage/exclude chest X-ray images containing no abnormalities from human reading. qXR software achieved a maximum triage rate of 70.8% with zero loss of TB yields, compared to 53.5% for Genki and 35.0% for CAD4TB.

Background WHO recommends a 7-drug 9-11-month rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) short treatment regimen (STR). To reduce the pill burden, we assessed the safety and effectiveness of a 5-drug 9-11-month modified STR (mSTR). Methods Prospective cohort study of an all-oral mSTR (comprising bedaquiline, levofloxacin, linezolid, clofazimine and...

Pharmacies represent a key health system entry point for people with TB in Viet Nam, but high fragmentation hinders their broader engagement. Professional networking apps may be able to facilitate pharmacy engagement for systematic TB screening and referral. Between September and December 2019, we piloted the use of a social networking app, SwipeRx...

Background and objective Data on the prevalence of anti-tuberculous drug resistance and its association with genetic mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis are limited. Our study explores the genomics of tuberculosis in a high Ca Mau, Vietnam. Methods Patients > 15 years in Ca Mau Province, Vietnam, were screened annually for tuberculosis between...

Background Tuberculosis has caused significant public health and economic burdens in Vietnam over the years. The Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program is facing considerable challenges in its goal to eliminate tuberculosis by 2030, with the COVID-19 pandemic having negatively impacted routine tuberculosis services at all administrative levels. Whil...

Rationale There is an urgent need for rapid, non-sputum point-of-care diagnostics to detect tuberculosis. Objectives This prospective trial in seven high tuberculosis burden countries set out to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the point-of-care urine-based lipoarabinomannan assay FUJIFILM SILVAMP TB LAM (FujiLAM) among inpatient and outpatient...

Background While the safety and efficacy of inhaled budesonide-formoterol, used as-needed for symptoms, has been established for patients with asthma, it has not been trialed in undifferentiated patients with chronic respiratory diseases. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a pragmatic intervention that entails a stepped algorithm using inhaled b...

Introduction Cough is a hallmark symptom of multiple respiratory conditions. Technological advances have made it possible to monitor cough using smartphone applications continuously and objectively. However, these technologies have not yet been evaluated for their feasibility in real-world research conditions. Methods We conducted 14-day continuou...

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả xét nghiệm khí máu động mạch ở bệnh nhân bị đợt cấp của bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính (COPD). Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, đánh giá kết quả khí máu trên 152 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán xác định đợt cấp COPD, điều trị nội trú tại Bệnh viện Phổi Trung ương từ tháng 9/2016 - 02/2019. Kết quả: Đa số (61,2...

Stigma and isolation are common in people with tuberculosis (TB). Social isolation contributes to reduced health outcomes and TB treatment adherence. Stigma and the drivers of isolation in people with Drug-Resistant (DR)-TB may include modifiable advice and practices of family and Health Care Workers (HCW). This study aimed to understand the driver...

Introduction Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a major public health problem globally. Long, complex treatment regimens coupled with frequent adverse events have resulted in poor treatment adherence and patient outcomes. Smartphone-based mobile health (mHealth) technologies offer national TB programmes an appealing platform to impro...

BACKGROUND Protection against infection by the bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a subject of controversy. We investigated the association between BCG vaccination at birth and infection by M. tuberculosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a secondary analysis of data from tuberculin skin test (TST) surveys in...

Background Xpert MTB/Rif, a molecular test to detect tuberculosis (TB), has been proven to have high sensitivity and specificity when compared with liquid culture in clinical settings. However, little is known about its performance in community TB screening. Methods In Vietnam, a national TB prevalence survey was conducted in 2017. Survey particip...

Mycobacterium TB (Mtb) is responsible for approximately 1.5 million TB (TB) deaths each year. Though 10% of patients develop TB after infection, 90% only develop latent infection. Mouse models of tuberculosis show near uniform susceptibility although their M1-polarized macrophages (M1-MΦs) can inhibit growth of Mtb in vitro. Our main objective was...

Background Limited evidence is available about the combination of multiple smoking cessation modalities in low- and middle-income countries. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of a smoking cessation intervention that integrates follow-up counselling phone calls and scheduled text messages with brief advice from physicians in Vietnam. Method...

Background This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic dispensing of private pharmacies in Vietnam. Methods Standardised patient surveys were conducted in randomly selected community pharmacies across 40 districts in Vietnam. Four clinical scenarios were represented by patient actors: (a) an adult requesting treatment for a sibl...

Background An ecological relationship between economic development and reduction in tuberculosis prevalence has been observed. Between 2007 and 2017, Việt Nam experienced rapid economic development with equitable distribution of resources and a 37% reduction in tuberculosis prevalence. Analysing consecutive prevalence surveys, we examined how the r...

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá tình trạng dinh dưỡng của người bệnh trước phẫu thuật lồng ngực tại khoa Phẫu thuật lồng ngực, Bệnh viện Phổi Trung ương năm 2021. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 63 người bệnh được thu thập bằng cách chọn mẫu thuận tiện. Kết quả: Dựa vào chỉ số BMI: 34,9% người bệnh thiếu năng lượng trườ...

We evaluated the effects of the coronavirus disease pandemic on diagnosis of and treatment for tuberculosis (TB) in Vietnam. We obtained quarterly notifications for TB and multidrug-resistant/rifampin-resistant (MDR/RR) TB from 2015-2020 and evaluated changes in monthly TB case notifications. We used an interrupted time series to assess the change...

Seventy percent of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the United States occur among non-US-born persons; cases usually result from reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) likely acquired before the person's US arrival. We conducted a prospective study among US immigrant visa applicants undergoing the required overseas medical examination in Vietnam. Con...

Background Chest X-ray (CXR) screening is a useful diagnostic tool to test individuals at high risk of tuberculosis (TB), yet image interpretation requires trained human readers who are in short supply in many high TB burden countries. Therefore, CXR interpretation by computer-aided detection software (CAD) may overcome some of these challenges, bu...

Background Improving treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a leading priority for global TB control. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the factors associated with treatment success among patients treated for MDR-TB in two provinces in Vietnam. Methods Treatment outcomes were evaluated for adult patients treate...

Bedaquiline Drug Resistance Emergence Assessment in Multidrug-resistant-tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (DREAM) was a 5-year (2015–2019) phenotypic drug-resistance surveillance study across 11 countries. DREAM assessed the susceptibility of 5036 MDR-TB isolates of bedaquiline-treatment-naïve patients to bedaquiline and other anti-tuberculosis drugs by the 7H...

Mục tiêu: Xác định nồng độ và đánh giá sự thay đổi nồng độ một số cytokine trong huyết tương của bệnh nhân (BN) bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính (BPTNMT) được ghép bằng tế bào gốc trung mô (TBGTM) đồng loài từ mô dây rốn và huyết tương giàu tiểu cầu. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Các mẫu huyết tương của 10 bệnh nhân BPTNMT được điều trị bằng phương pháp nộ...

Mục tiêu: nghiên cứu thực hiện nhằm đánh giá tình trạng dinh dưỡng trên bệnh nhân mắc bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tínhtại khoa Bệnh phổi mạn tính Bệnh viện Phổi Trung ương từ tháng 12 năm 2020 đến tháng 5 năm 2021. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 106 người bệnh được thu thập bằng cách chọn mẫu thuận tiện. Kết quả: Đối tượng có B...

There have been few independent evaluations of computer-aided detection (CAD) software for tuberculosis (TB) screening, despite the rapidly expanding array of available CAD solutions. We developed a test library of chest X-ray (CXR) images which was blindly re-read by two TB clinicians with different levels of experience and then processed by 12 CA...

Background In the last decade, active case finding (ACF) strategies for tuberculosis (TB) have been implemented in many diverse settings, with some showing large increases in case detection and reporting at the sub-national level. There have also been several studies which seek to provide evidence for the benefits of ACF to individuals and communit...

Tuberculosis (TB) does not respect borders, and migration confounds global TB control and elimination. Systematic screening of immigrants from TB high burden settings and—to a lesser degree TB infection (TBI)—is recommended in most countries with a low incidence of TB. The aim of the study was to evaluate the views of a diverse group of internation...

CAD4TB Version 7 has significantly better performance characteristics than Version 6. The newest software version now performs significantly better than our Expert Human Reader from Viet Nam based on our test library, and would be a valuable decision support tool for TB screening initiatives.

Objectives Tuberculosis (TB) stigma contributes to diagnostic delay, disease concealment and reduced wellbeing for affected individuals. Despite several TB stigma scales available; most have not been culturally validated in other settings. This study evaluated the Van Rie TB stigma scale (VTSS) among patients with TB in Vietnam. Methods This study...