Ngien-Siong Chin

Institute of Teacher Education Batu Lintang Campus · Physical Education and Health

Background Presently, where inactivity is an overarching problem globally, participation in recreational sports activities has become an important outlet for promoting healthy lifestyles. However, there is a lack of instruments to evaluate the commitment of recreational and leisure sports users. This study aimed to adapt, develop and provide prelim...

Motivasi membolehkan individu mempunyai kepercayaan dan keyakinan untuk melibatkan diri dengan aktif dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) sesuatu bahasa seterusnya mengurangkan kebimbangan individu terhadap pembelajaran bahasa tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kepercayaan harapan, nilai subjektif dan kebimbangan murid terhadap...

This study examined the attitudes toward physical activity (APAS) among primary school students in Sarawak to enhance physical education. A total of 327 participants volunteered for the study, comprising 160 (48.9%) males and 167 (51.1%) females aged between 10 to 12 years old old (mean age 10.85 ± 0.84) from various primary schools in Bau, Sarawak...

This paper explores the pivotal role of quality physical education (PE) in Sarawak schools, emphasising its influence on fostering active school environments and vibrant communities. The current state of PE programs is assessed, considering their effectiveness and existing challenges. The benefits of quality PE are highlighted, encompassing physica...

The Body Mass Index (BMI) which is an assessment of body mass levels have acts as an indicator of a person's body fatness and is frequently utilised as a factor in assessing and predicting various health issues such as non-communicable diseases related to obesity. In Malaysia, there has been a worrisome increase in the prevalence of obesity childre...

The Malaysian National Curriculum for Physical Education (PE) was formulated to provide a holistic, comprehensive education to meet the meet the needs of individual growth and development to create a vibrant, prosperous and productive society. The traditional games which represent a form of physical activities that can offer great educational and c...

This study investigated the influence of social support, level of physical activity on exercise adherence among Malaysian university students. A total of 380 students (Male=188, Female=192) from a private university were conveniently chosen for this survey. Social support was measured by dichotomous items. Physical activity level (PAL) was measured...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to validate the Malay version of the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS-M) using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) among Sarawak University football players. Method: A total of 321 male university students in Sarawak volunteered and participated in the validation study on EIS-M with a mean age of 18-23 years...

Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS) are significant for children to engage in more challenging and specific sports and physical activity as a higher level of FMS competency will help children to perform better in games and sports. However, primary school students in Malaysia have been associated with poor performance in FMS. The purpose of this study is...

The study aimed to understand the expectancy beliefs and task values of attainment, utility, intrinsic and cost in small-sided games in Physical Education (PE) lessons among Chinese primary school children. The participants comprised of 216 (51.9%) males and 200 (48.1%) females aged between 10 to 12 years old (1.88 ± 0.83). The Malay version of Exp...

Traditional games, often known as traditional sports, are pastimes that the ancients used to entertain themselves and opulars. Most of these games are played by villagers who, for the most part, still live together and spend time together and are thus free of the impact of technology. Without technology, youngsters in the village would assemble and...

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between mental toughness and energy among Sarawak youth athletes in Sarawak, Malaysia. Although there have been studies examining mental toughness in sports, there are still limited studies that examine the relationship between mental toughness and mental energy among youth athletes in sports. Th...

Guided by the theory of planned behavior, this study aimed to determine the influence of Physical Education (PE) teachers’ attitudes, their perceived behavioral control, and the influence of subjective norms on their intention and constraints (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural) to offer a high-quality class based on best practices to del...

Background. Psychological resilience is the ability to cope with stress and is related to mental health. Assessing the psychological resilience of university students is important for formulating effective health promotion strategies to enhance their well-being and health. Objectives. This study aimed to validate the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale (...

Background. Sports psychologists believe sports commitment is important to indicate the desire to continue or cease participation in sports from a psychosocial perspective. The Sports Commitment Questionnaire-2 (SCQ-2) has been developed and validated to investigate athletes' commitment in sports settings in Western countries but not in Malaysia. H...

The purpose of the study was to examine the basic needs satisfaction, psychological need thwarting and motivation among coaches in Sarawak, Malaysia. The participants were 251 coaches (194 male and 57 female) aged 18–57 years old (2.26 ± .93) whose coaching ranged from school to national level. The Basic Need Satisfaction at Work Scale for Coaches...

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected and reshaped all levels of the educational system in terms of the teaching and learning approaches globally. The schools were obliged to take measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in order to ensure the students’ health and psychological well-being in this pandemic uncertainty. Thus, the knowledge, attitudes...

The purpose of the study was to examine the basic needs satisfaction, psychological need thwarting and motivation among coaches in Sarawak, Malaysia. The participants were 251 coaches (194 male and 57 female) aged 18–57 years old (2.26 ± .93) whose coaching ranged from school to national level. The Basic Need Satisfaction at Work Scale for Coaches...

A motivational climate can engage students to enjoy, learn, and improve their well-being in physical education (PE). The objective of the study was to investigate the motivational climate, enjoyment processes, and mental well-being of secondary school students. The participants were 190 secondary school students (98 male, 92 female) aged 15 to 17 (...

Brain breaks are short mental and physical breaks incorporated periodically and can help to stimulate one’s health and motivation. The study aimed to examine the effects of brain breaks on the attitudes and motives of participation of trainee teachers in Sarawak, Malaysia. The brain breaks were conducted twice a day and five times a week for a dura...

Involvement in sport on regular basis is essential to ensure healthy lifestyle. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that influence commitment in sport. Up to date, Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2 (SCQ-2) (Scanlan et al. in Psychol Sport Exerc 22:233–246, 2016) often utilised to comprehend the motivation of sport users to maintain...

Cost-value has been particularly difficult to assess as evidenced by the historical lack of research on it. Examining cost-value dimensions as an independent construct in the expectancy-value model could offer significant information about adolescent players’ future performance and achievement, especially in field hockey. This study investigated th...

Physical fitness innovation is important for improving speed and agility, which has the effect of boosting physical fitness among physical education students. In order to develop physical fitness among students and athletes, sports organisations and schools must constantly update and invent new original concepts. In other words, innovation has an i...

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the education systems and poses unprecedented challenges to the schools in terms of the health and well-being of the students, which is a crucial concern globally. The aim of this study was to develop the Coronavirus in School (CVIS) Instrument to measure the level of knowledge, attitude, and pract...

The study examined polytechnic students’ social support, life enjoyment, and satisfaction among 327 polytechnic students with a mean age of 18.65 ± 0.95. The social support scale for exercise (SSSE), physical environment scale for physical activity (PESPA) and quality of life enjoyment, and satisfaction questionnaires (Q-LES-Q-M) were utilized and...

Children’s physical activity (PA) is determined by their motor skills, with increased fundamental motor skills (FMS) allowing them to participate in a wider range of PA, games, and sports. The purpose of this study was to examine the FMS in children aged 10 to 12 years old using the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA). The partic...

The purpose of the study was to examine the perceived motivational climate and mental well-being of secondary school students in physical education (PE). The participants were 230 secondary school students (127 male, 103 female) aged 15 to 17 years old (2.03 ± 0.80) in Kuching, Sarawak. The Teacher-Initiated Motivational Climate in Physical Educati...

The initial scale of Online Learning Readiness Scale (OLRS) was developed to define the readiness towards online learning among college students. The five subscales of OLRS (Hung et al. in Comput Educ 1080–1090, [8]) were self-directed learning (SDL), motivation for learning (MFL), computer/Internet self-efficacy (CIS), learner control (LC), and on...

One’s sense of achievement and well-being can be dependent on emotions, enjoyment, and satisfaction in life. The study aimed to examine achievement emotions, life enjoyment, satisfaction, and enjoyment processes of undergraduates in physical education (PE). The participants were 260 undergraduate students (133 male, 127 female) aged 18 to 23 years...

The rate of obesity among adolescents has been of public health concern which is linked to the increasing prevalence of health-related non-communicable diseases. The health of adolescents are often overlooked which has implication to their health and mental well-being during adulthood. The study examined the prevalence of weight status and strength...

The study aimed was to examine the effect of brain breaks on health-related fitness among indigenous primary school children in Sarawak, Malaysia. The participants were 70 indigenous primary school children (33 male and 37 female) aged 10–12 years old (2.03 ± .78) from two rural schools in Sarawak, Malaysia. The Malaysian National Physical Fitness...

Imagery has been used by athletes and exercisers to achieve a variety of affective, cognitive, and behavioural outcomes. Mental imagery of planned activities increases the motivation of participation. Expectations of reward are associated with significantly more vivid imagery. Therefore, there is a need to implement virtual reality imagery, a new i...

Music has been scientifically used to be an excellent complement to sports activities. Scientific research in this field has been prolific over the past four decades, with over 120 peer-reviews articles examining various aspects of the relationship between music and sports. However, little research has been conducted on the use of music prior to ex...

Cost-value has been particularly difficult to assess as evidenced by the historical lack of research on it. Examining cost-value dimensions as an independent construct in the expectancy-value model could offer significant information about adolescent players' future performance and achievement, especially in field hockey. This study investigated th...

Attitudes and motivation have traditionally been the most influential factors in determining physical activity (PA) involvement in physical education, sports, and extracurricular activities that contribute to health and well-being. The study analyzed the attitudes and participation motivation of 540 university students (17 to 23 years old) on extra...

The unprecedented pandemic has adopted digital technology by shifting traditional teaching pedagogy to online learning which has emerged as the main methodology and continuity of education globally. This study aimed to examine the effect of demographic factors towards online learning readiness among physical education and sports science undergradua...

The study investigated the transtheoretical model among Malaysian undergraduate trainee teachers. The questionnaires for decisional balance (Plotnikoff et al.,2001); self-efficacy scale (Rizal et al.,2019) and processes of change (Rizal et al.,2019) were completed by 450 participants, including 132 males (29.3%) and 318 females (70.7%) aged between...

Sports organizations or schools should constantly update and generate new innovative ideas in order to develop physical fitness among students and athletes. In other words, innovation impacts and helps to the improvement of physical fitness. To date, innovations related to physical fitness have received little scientific attention. As this study wi...

The Story of Aqua Georgetown is an initiative of a group of educators in collaboration with Water Watch Penang (WWP) under the support by Perbadanan Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang (PBAPP), aiming to raise the awareness in children of the importance of water and its conservation. Water is a fundamental human need, and it is equally necessary for the plant...

At large, all of the studies that have examined the psychological disorders during the COVID-19 PANDEMIC have reported that the affected individuals. Different psychological distresses like, anxiety, trauma, depression, anger, panic, and some other mental illness are some of the common mental illnesses widely seen in Pandemic situations. Some studi...

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between expectancy-value components and attitudes toward sportspersonship among Malaysian adolescent field hockey players. This study also examined the effect of expectancy beliefs, task values, and sportspersonship attitudes on the motivation of adolescent field hockey playe...

This study assessed the psychometric features of the Chinese version of the Situational Motivational Scale (SMS) from a cross-cultural perspective. 758 Chinese PE university students of the sports department (boy 52.6%, n = 357; female 52.9%, n = 401) completed the forward-backward translation-based SMS Chinese version. Using confirmatory factor an...

Introduction: Physical inactivity has become a global concern which has pronounce changes that can severely challenge trainee teachers as a large proportion of them are still adopting sedentary lifestyles that have further escalate their risks of morbidity during the COVID-19 lockdown. The focus on trainee teachers is crucial due to the fact that b...

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted Malaysian government for cancellation of face-to-face educational activities, banning non-essential retail commercial activities and gatherings of people in order to protect its population. It has changed the life-style of university students and affected their psychological health. Thus, this research examined th...

The current COVID-19 pandemic has observed a substantial decline in physical activity (PA) level among school students leading to detrimental sedentary behaviour globally. The study examined the health-related physical fitness of Malaysian secondary school students aged 13 to 17 years old after the COVID-19 confinement. The Malaysian National Physi...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of fundamental motor skills among Malaysian rural primary school children aged 10 to 12 years old using the Canadian norms during the COVID-19 confinement period. Methods: Participants were Year Four, Five and Six students (N = 336; male = 168; female = 168) from a rural primary scho...

Introduction: This study investigated the effect of goal content on physical activity among 383 primary and 278 secondary school students with a mean age of 1.42 ± .49. Methods: The Goal Contents for Exercise Questionnaire by Sebire and colleagues (2008) was used to assess the goals. Results: Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed an interacti...

The purposes are to deepen the understanding of the correlation between learning motivation and learning burnout and thereby stimulate the learning motivation of college students. According to the theory of educational psychology, mechanism of learning motivation, and causes of learning burnout are analyzed. The learning motivation and learning bur...

Introduction: Players and coaches recognise the importance of emotional intelligence to manage mental readiness during the training to ensure improved sports performance. Numerous studies have consistently shown a positive correlation between mental readiness and success in sports. Methods: This study was aimed to develop and verify the Emotional I...

Introduction: The study examined the attitudes and participation motivation towards physical activity (PA) among trainee teachers. The participants were 260 undergraduate trainee teachers with a mean age of 18.10 ± .45 years. Methods: The Attitude towards Physical Activity Scale (APAS) and Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS) was...

This study examined the trainee teachers’ situational motivation and motivational climate towards Physical Educa�tion lessons in primary schools during COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 160 trainee teachers comprising of 115 males and 45 female aged 21 to 26 years old (1.10±0.30) from two Institute of Teacher Education Campuses in Sarawak, M...

This study investigated the perception of Physical Education (PE) teachers on barriers to implementation of PE programme in terms of the administration of PE programme, and the provision of non-human resources. A total of 248 PE major teachers were surveyed using questionnaires which were mailed to schools. The sample consisted of almost 63% male...

The 18-item Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-II) is one of the most-utilised scales measuring athletes' motivation and its psychometric properties. However, we found no Malay version used to examine the Malaysian multi-ethnic population. Thus, the study aimed to translate and validate the SMS-II into the Malay version using confirmatory factor analysis....

One of the major and progressive causes in the prevalence of overweight and obese children is the decrease in fundamental motor skills (FMS) which is due to the lack of motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The lack of FMS that can influence children participation in physical activity (PA) is important to improve their health and wellbein...

The study aimed to validate the Malay language version of the Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). SMS-II is a widely used scale for assessing an athlete’s motivation. Since its inception, the questionnaire has been translated and validated in several languages which demonstrated good divergent validity and i...

The addressing of participation motivation in physical activity is decisive in augmenting the factors that can motivate one’s to participate, sustain and promote healthy living through PA. The Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale-M (PALMS-M: Kueh, Kuan & Morris, 2017) – 40 items have been utilised to measure eight subscales (enjoyment, ma...

This study examined primary school students’ goal content and attitudes toward physical activity during COVID-19 Conditional Movement Control Order . The participants were 312 students comprising 149 males and 163 females aged 11 and 12 years old from 3 primary schools in Sarawak, Malaysia. Participants were administered the Malay version of the Go...

Buku Pemulihan Selepas COVID-19 ialah hasil gabungan idea, kreativiti dan penyelidikan oleh sebilangan ahli akademik dan guru sekolah, yang cakna dengan masalah penyebaran penyakit COVID-19 yang telah atau dialami oleh dunia pada masa kini. Tujuan utama buku ini adalah untuk mengajar kanak-kanak bagaimana memahami penyakit COVID-19 dengan cara yang...

Motivation is a crucial aspect in youths participating in physical activity (PA) for better developmental, mental health, and well-being. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the participation motivation within the Malaysian context. The participants comprised of 540 youths aged between 17 to 23 years old (1.45 ± .50). Methods: The Physical Activit...

Attitude has remains as a fundamental determinant in determining one’s engagement in physical activity (PA) that can provide multiple broad-spectrum of health and mental well-being benefits. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the attitudes and Body Mass Index towards physical activity among 450 youths (132 males and 318 females) aged between 17 t...

The education system in Malaysia aims to improve the academic quality, co-curriculum, and personality development of special needs students through a process of curriculum transformation based on standards and school-based assessment system. Knowledge exploration has recently been given special emphasis by focusing more on the special needs of stud...

As children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) continue to increase with no identifiable cure except for therapies and intervention such as aquatic as a form of health and therapy intervention, there is a need for a better instructional approaches and strategies to facilitate the learning and teaching processes in an aquatic program. This study ex...

In Malaysia, physical inactivity has becoming a hotly debated health topic as the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 has revealed that a quarter of the population was physically inactive, and half of the population was overweight and obese. However, there are limited information on physical activity of people with disabilities (PWD...

The trend towards Inclusive Education (IE) has been increasingly advocated and can be seen in Physical Education (PE) classes worldwide. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of primary school PE teachers' efficacy towards IE Programme classrooms across teachers' demographic factors (gender and experience in IE). A set of questionnaire...

The Art Therapy for Kids: Beauty of Sarawak, is a unique colouring book, is an art therapy book, designed to give both the 'novice to amateur' and 'colouring ninja' some great patterns to colour-in, de-stress and to relax. It is suitable for children at the age of 5 – 12 years old; however, teenagers, adults and the elderly can also benefit from th...

This study investigated the perception of Physical Education (PE) teachers on barriers to implementation of PE pro[1]gramme in terms of the administration of PE programme, and the provision of non-human resources. A total of 248 PE[1]major teachers were surveyed using questionnaires which were mailed to schools. The sample consisted of almost 63% m...

This is an activity book to teach kids from 5 - 8 years old to learn about COVID-19 in a fun and interactive format.

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived motivational climate, goal orientations, expectancy beliefs and task values among Physical Education trainee teachers. The participants comprised of 300 trainee teachers aged between 18 and 25 years old (Mean age =21.94 + 1.64 years) completed the Motivational Climate in PE Questionnaire, Task...

This is a colouring book for kindergarten kids with the intention to educate them about COVID-19 via colouring. It is free for downloading and home printing.

The study aims to validate the Malay-language version of the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The data were collected from the state level adolescent Malaysian athletes across 21 different sports. A total of 685 athletes participated in the study (males 62%, females 38%), with the mea...

This study presents an overview of Malaysian adolescent field hockey players’ expectancy beliefs, subjective values and sportspersonship attitude. We aimed to translate and validate two questionnaires i.e., Expectancy Value Model Questionnaire (EVMQ) and Multi-dimensional Sportspersonship Orientations Scale (MSOS) to Malay language. The EVMQ and MS...

Mental imagery is widely used in sports where athletes practice, and improve their sports performance through imagination, imagining themselves performing the skills or routines in the mind. Then, the mind will interpret the situation and take these images as the real situations whereby the body reacts accordingly. Coaches that intend to apply ment...

This study examined adolescent athletes' expectancy-beliefs, subjective task values, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation in sports. Two hundred and five athletes (131 males and 74 females) below 21 years old (15.53 + 2.37) completed the expectancy beliefs, subjective task values measures and the Sports Motivation Scale questi...

This study examined the effect of plyometric and resistance band training on overhead clear stroke of 12 years old badminton players via an 8-week intervention comprising of plyometric and resistance band training sessions. The participants were ninety players (age, 12 years; height, 1.4-1.5m; body mass 30-40kg) comprised of 3 groups; plyometric tr...

This study examined adolescent athletes’ expectancy-beliefs, subjective task values, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation in sports. Two hundred and five athletes (131 males and 74 females) below 21 years old (15.53 + 2.37) completed the expectancy beliefs, subjective task values measures and the Sports Motivation Scale questi...

The purpose of this study was to explore the motivation processes by utilising the Expectancy-value Model of Achievement Choice in ten-pin bowling. This study examined gender, age groups and race differences of ten-pin bowlers' expectancy beliefs and subjective task values. The participants comprised of 100 young bowlers aged 13 to 21 years old. Th...

The findings of this case study suggest that the pre-school trainee teacher was able to plan and teach physical activities which are in line with one of the six learning areas of the Standard National Preschool Curriculum which is the physical development in term of their psychomotor, cognitive and social skills. This is due to the pedagogical cont...

Background: The Sport Commitment Model is widely used to understand the motivation and commitment of athletes to continue playing sports. However, the factors influencing athletes’ commitment to racquet sports have not received much research attention, especially in Malaysia. Purpose: This study aims to use the Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2 (SCQ...

Mental toughness refers to a collection of psychological characteristic which are central to optimal performance. Athletes, coaches, and sport psychologists have consistently implicated mental toughness as one of the most important psychological characteristics related to success in sports. Over the last few decades, numerous studies have been cond...