Nesreen Alsbou

• Ohio Northern University

Purpose A 4D-dosimeter and quality assurance phantom prototype was developed to quantify the effects of respiratory motion. Methods The dose distributions were measured using two-dimensional detectors that were mounted on a mobile platform capable of sinusoidal motion in one direction with different patterns using adjustable motion amplitude and f...

Introduction Although many studies have investigated small electron fields, there are several dosimetric issues that are not well understood. This includes lack of charged particle equilibrium, lateral scatter, source occlusion and volume averaging of the detectors used in the measurement of the commissioning data. High energy electron beams are al...

In the electron beam radiation therapy, customized blocks are mostly used to shape treatment fields to generate conformal doses. The goal of this study is to investigate quantitatively dosimetric uncertainties associated with heterogeneities, detectors used in the measurement of the beam data commissioning, and modeling of the interactions of high...

The original version of this chapter was revised. The surname of one of the authors inadvertently contained a typo. The surname has been corrected to “Chan”.

Aim The purpose of this study is to investigate quantitatively the correlation of displacement vector fields (DVFs) from different deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms to register images from helical computed tomography (HCT), axial computed tomography (ACT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with motion parameters. Materials and m...

Unfortunately, many deaths are reported every year during the summer for infants, kids and pets who were left in cars and suffered from heatstroke. This paper is proposing a simple smart IoT system for in car detection of a living subject and taking the necessary actions to prevent their life loss. The system has a wide range of sensors including m...

Growing cities always have parking challenges and they are in need for creative ideas to solve this issue and avoid the time wasted in searching for empty parking spots. To overcome the problem, this paper proposes a simple solution using a low-cost cloud-based system design. The design will be initially implemented on campus in one parking lot at...

Growing cities always have parking challenges and they are in need for creative ideas to solve this issue and avoid the time wasted in searching for empty parking spots. To overcome the problem, this paper proposes a simple solution using a low-cost cloud-based system design. The design will be initially implemented on campus in one parking lot at...

Unfortunately, many deaths are reported every year during the summer for infants, kids and pets who were left in cars and suffered from heatstroke. This paper is proposing a simple smart IoT system for in car detection of a living subject and taking the necessary actions to prevent their life loss. The system has a wide range of sensors including m...

The goal of this project is to investigate quantitatively the performance of different deformable image registration algorithms (DIR) with helical (HCT), axial (ACT), and cone-beam CT (CBCT). The variations in the CT-number values and lengths of well-known targets moving with controlled motion were evaluated. Four DIR algorithms: Demons, Fast-Demon...

The objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate variations of dose distributions deposited in mobile target by measurement and modeling. The effects of variation in dose distribution induced by motion on tumor dose coverage and sparing of normal tissues were investigated quantitatively. The dose distributions with motion artifacts were mo...

Purpose: A motion algorithm has been developed to extract length, CT number level and motion amplitude of a mobile target from cone-beam CT (CBCT) images. Materials and methods: The algorithm uses three measurable parameters: Apparent length and blurred CT number distribution of a mobile target obtained from CBCT images to determine length, CT-n...

Purpose: To quantify the variations in the length and position of fiducial markers induced by motion in axial (ACT), helical (HCT) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging and associated uncertainty in image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) by measurement and modeling. Methods: A mobile thorax phantom containing markers of various lengths was imaged using ACT,...

The purpose of this study was to assess quantitatively elongation of mobile targets in cone‐beam CT (CBCT) imaging by measurement and modeling. A mathematical model was derived that predicts the measured lengths of mobile targets and its dependence on target size and motion patterns in CBCT imaging. Three tissue‐equivalent targets of differing size...

Purpose: A motion algorithm was developed to extract actual length, CT-numbers and motion amplitude of a mobile target imaged with cone-beam-CT (CBCT) retrospective to image-reconstruction. Methods: The motion model considered a mobile target moving with a sinusoidal motion and employed three measurable parameters: apparent length, CT number level...

Purpose: To investigate quantitatively patient motion effects on the localization accuracy of image-guided radiation with fiducial markers using axial CT (ACT), helical CT (HCT) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) using modeling and experimental phantom studies. Methods: Markers with different lengths (2.5 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, and 20 mm) were inserted in a mobile...

Purpose: To investigate variations in mobile target length induced by sinusoidal motion in helical (HCT) and axial CT (ACT) imaging. A mathematical model was derived that predicts the measured broadening of the apparent lengths of mobile targets and its dependence on motion parameters, target size, and imaging couch speed in CT images. Materials...

The purpose of this study was to assess quantitatively elongation of mobile targets in cone‐beam CT (CBCT) imaging by measurement and modeling. A mathematical model was derived that predicts the measured lengths of mobile targets and its dependence on target size and motion patterns in CBCT imaging. Three tissue‐equivalent targets of differing size...

The purpose of this study was to investigate quantitatively by measurement and modeling the variations in CT number distributions of mobile targets in cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging. CBCT images were acquired for three targets manufactured from homogenous water-equivalent gel that was inserted into a commercial mobile thorax phantom. The phantom moved...

With the exception of required time synchronization, the Reservation-ALOHA (R-ALOHA) protocol is simple to implement and suitable for medium access control in ad hoc wireless networks. In this paper, we propose an innovative protocol, referred to as Reservation ALOHA with priority (PR-ALOHA) that provides differentiated services on the basis of tra...

Wireless technologies are emerging as an important component of our daily life. Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) is the basis of IEEE 802.11 WLAN MAC protocol, which uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol and binary slotted exponential back-off scheme. DCF implementation specified by the IEEE 802.11 st...

The performance of Reservation ALOHA with Priority (PR-ALOHA) protocol in an inter-vehicle communication (IVC) environment was investigated both in transient and steady state. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to examine the system stabilization time (SST) in transient state and performance parameters such as throughput, packet delivery ratio an...

The purpose of this work is to extract three-dimensional (3D) motion trajectories of internal implanted and external skin-attached markers from kV cone-beam projections and reduce image artifact from patient motion in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) from on-board imager. Cone beam radiographic projections were acquired for a mobile phantom and...

Purpose: To investigate image artifacts caused by a standard treatment couch on cone-beam CT (CBCT) images from a kV on-board imager and to develop an algorithm based on spatial domain filtering to remove image artifacts in CBCT induced by the treatment couch. Methods: Image artifacts in CBCT induced by the treatment couch were quantified by scanni...

To investigate image artifacts caused by a standard treatment couch on cone-beam CT (CBCT) images from a kV on-board imager and to develop an algorithm based on spatial domain filtering to remove image artifacts in CBCT induced by the treatment couch. Image artifacts in CBCT induced by the treatment couch were quantified by scanning a phantom used...

In this work, a new approach for dynamically allocating high priority probability and high priority slots in PR-ALOHA (Reserved ALOHA with Priority) was introduced. The Dynamic Slot Allocation (DSA) algorithm in PR-ALOHA is performed by dynamically allocating the number of high priority slots and high priority probability based on the available tra...

The performance of reservation ALOHA (R-ALOHA) with priority is analyzed using computer simulation. Priority is introduced to the R-ALOHA protocol by reserving specific time slots in the frame exclusively for high priority traffic. Traffic is produced and divided into either low or high priority. We considered non ideal channel with communication e...