Nelson Kruse

• Federal University of Santa Maria

Plants under suboptimal environmental conditions often present reduced crop yields due to effects on vital plant processes. On the other hand, pre-exposure to mildly stressful situations may prepare the plants to stand subsequent challenges. Waterlog-ging in lowland areas and herbicide injury are frequent stressful situations to which soybeans are...

Weedy rice (Oryza sp.) is one of the most troublesome global weeds in cultivated rice. Its troublesome status is associated with characteristics such as seed shattering and dormancy, allowing for long‐term reinfestation and persistence in rice fields. However, the role of rising carbon dioxide levels (CO2) and other climate variables on these chara...

Efficient herbicide absorption and translocation, and satisfactory weed control can be affected by the site of herbicide application. However, during harvesting of crops of previous soybean sowing, the cutting process made by harvesters on the fleabane may generate a difficult management in pre sowing of the crop by limiting the leaf area of the ab...

The control of weedy rice has been widely studied in weed science. However, gene flow from Clearfield rice (CL) to weedy rice has damaged the efficiency of the CL production system. A new rice crop that is resistant to ACCase inhibitor herbicides will be launched in the next year on the market, representing another tool for managing weedy rice in i...

O controle do arroz-daninho tem sido foco de pesquisas na área de herbologia. Contudo, a ocorrência de fluxo gênico do arroz Clearfield (CL) para a espécie daninha tem resultado em perda na eficiencia do sistema de produção CL. Uma nova cultivar de arroz, resistente a herbicidas inibidores da ACCase, será lançada no mercado e se constitui em mais u...

Integrated management practices should be recommended to avoid damage of glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane [Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist] on the soybean. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil cover plants and chemical control on the glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane. Field experiment was performed in a randomized block design, wi...

The use of imidazolinone-tolerant rice cultivars allows selective control of weedy rice and barnyardgrass. However, in many situations, there is a need to add herbicides from other chemical groups to increase the spectrum of weed control. In this sense, saflufenacil has the potential to be used in mixture with imidazolinone herbicides. This study a...

The objective of this work was to characterize the growth and development of hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) according to thermal accumulation and photoperiod, at different sowing times, and to propose a scale representing the main plant development stages. The experiment was carried out with ten replicates in the 2011/2012 growing season. The...

Peruvian watergrass and rice cutgrass are important grass weeds in paddy rice in southern Brazil, mainly due to the low efficacy of non-selective herbicides against these species. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the susceptibility of peruvian watergrass to glyphosate under soil moisture variations, (2) to investigate the effect of...

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of joyweed (Alternanthera tenella) control and antagonistic or synergistic potentials of saflufenacil herbicide applied alone or tank mixed with paraquat, metribuzin and clomazone. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments consi...

A associação de agroquímicos atende a muitos objetivos, como o controle simultâneo de organismos, reduções de doses, aumento da eficácia e prevenção de casos de resistência a pesticidas. O presente trabalho objetiva sintetizar informações sobre a associação de glyphosate com nutrientes, herbicidas e outros pesticidas. A associação de glyphosate com...

The rotation of herbicides is the main method used in the prevention and management of herbicide-resistant weeds. However, in addition to being efficient, herbicides should also be crop selective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides with potential use in the control of hairy fleabane, to white oats, common oats...

No Brasil, a buva destaca-se entre as principais plantas daninhas da cultura da soja, devido à sua agressividade e resistência ao glifosato. Dessa forma, para evitar a seleção de populações resistentes ao herbicida glifosato, o uso de outros herbicidas tornou-se fundamental para o manejo dessa planta daninha. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a eficiên...

The use of glyphosate to chemical control of Cutgrass and Peruvian Watergrass with the use of non-selective herbicides has not been efficient. In this context, the investigation of chemical control of these species to glyphosate is very important, since there are not available commercially selective herbicides to control these species in post-emerg...

The use of glyphosate to chemical control of Cutgrass and Peruvian Watergrass with the use of non-selective herbicides has not been efficient. In this context, the investigation of chemical control of these species to glyphosate is very important, since there are not available commercially selective herbicides to control these species in post-emerg...

Três experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório para avaliar os efeitos de concentrações de extratos hidrofóbicos de raízes de sorgo (0; 22,3; 44,7; 89,5; 179 e 358 ppm) e hidrofílicos de raízes e da parte aérea de sorgo e milheto (0; 0,5; 1,17; 1,84 e 2,5% p/v) sobre a velocidade de germinação e o crescimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicula...

The species Conyza bonariensis, known as hairy fleabane, belongs to the Asteraceaefamily and has its origin in South America. It has an annual cycleof life, being prolific and able to produce up to 200,000 seeds per plant.It occurs in various climatic conditions, showing good adaptability, and isgenerally considered weed, but also used as medicinal...

The action of herbicides that affect the integrity of cell membranes and cause leakage, like PPO-inhibitors, can be detected by measuring the electric conductivity (EC) of a solution in which the plant tissue target is incubated in the presence of herbicide. The objectives of this work were to confirm PPO resistance in a new Euphorbia heterophylla...

Selectivity of Clomazone for rice plants increases when seeds are treated with the safener dietholate. Considering that dietholate acts on the activity of the cytochrome P450 monooxigenase, and that this enzyme also activates the herbicide clomazone, other chemicals capable of acting as safeners should also be sought. Thus, a trial was conducted ai...

The selectivity of the herbicide Clomazone varies according to cultivar, soil type and rate applied, while the crop safener dietholate allows selectivity to occur under different conditions, making it necessary to study the relation between these factors. Thus, an experiment was conducted aiming to quantify Clomazone selectivity to rice cultivar, i...

Three trials were carried out to verify if the site of formesafen, absorption leaves or soil, affects the efficacy of controling this herbicide in wild poinsettia biotypes resistant and susceptible to the product; and to determine which plant structures are more important for fomesafen absorption. In the first two trials, fomesafen dose-response wa...

O malmequer-do-campo (Aspilia montevidensis) é uma planta herbácea perene, nativa do Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, cuja biologia tem sido pouco estudada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a temperatura base, o plastocrono e o número final de nós de A. montevidensis. Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento em Santa Maria, RS, com seis épocas de c...

Yellow calendula (Aspilia montevidensis) is a perenium herbaceous plant native of South and Southeast Brazil that has been little studied about its biology. The objective of this study was to determine the base temperature, the plastochron and the final node number in A. montevidensis. An experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, RS, with six planti...

Caracterizar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de biótipos de arroz vermelho pode ajudar no seu controle e no melhoramento para aumentar a competitividade do arroz cultivado com esta planta daninha. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar parâmetros de crescimento e desenvolvimento de dois biótipos de arroz vermelho e compará-los com genótipos de a...

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da integração de redução de espaçamento entre linhas sobre características morfofisiológicas de híbridos e estratégias de manejo químico de plantas daninhas em milho. O experimento foi realizado a campo, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em um fatorial 2x2x5, em que o prim...

Em geral, a eficiência de herbicidas inibidores da ACCase é reduzida quando da aplicação em conjunto com herbicidas latifolicidas. Dois experimentos – em casa de vegetação e campo – objetivaram determinar a existência de antagonismo nas associações de clodinafop-propargyl a metsulfuron-methyl ou 2,4-D, para controle de azevém anual. Em casa de vege...

The characterization growth and development of red rice biotypes may help controll strategies, the enhancement of competitiveness of cultivated rice with this weed and breeding programs. The objective of this is study was to quantity some growth and development parameters of two red rice biotypes as compared to irrigated genotypes. A field experime...

The efficacy of ACCase inhibitors is usually reduced when tank-mixed with broad leaf herbicides. A greenhouse and a field experiments were carried out to determine the existence of antagonistic effects of clodinafop-propargyl associated with metsulfuron methyl or 2,4-D to control Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). In the greenhouse experiment,...

This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of integrating morphophysiological characteristics of hybrids, row spacing reduction and chemical weed management in corn. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, in a randomized complete block design, in a 2x2x5 factorial scheme, with four replications, with the first factor consistin...

Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki) is an insect of world-wide distribution that damages irrigated rice. From September, 2004 to February, 2005, nymphs and adults of this aphid were collected in several host weeds of rice farms in Alegrete, Quaraí and Uruguaiana, located in Western of State of Rio Grande do Sul, and Restinga Seca, in Central reg...

The Dose-Response Curve and Isobolograms methodology, based on the I 50 generated by curves has been largely recommended to demonstrate synergism. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with sunflower cultivated in nutrient solution (Hoagland), applying in solution 27 treatments, with the herbicides metribuzin, at the rates of 0, 70, 140, 28...

Four bioassays were developed under greenhouse and laboratory conditions to identify Euphorbia heterophylla (EPHHL) biotypes with multiple resistance to PROTOX and ALS-inhibiting herbicides. In the greenhouse bioassays, plants of a susceptible (S) biotype and of two biotypes suspected of multiple resistance (#4 and #23) were sprayed using different...

Biochemical and physical-chemical determinations can help verify the type of herbicide interaction. Three experiments were conducted with two oxidative stress generating herbicides to demonstrate possible synergism in their association. Sunflower plants were grown in nutrient solution up to the stage of two pairs of leaves, followed by herbicide ap...

Sorgoleone (SGL) exuded by sorghum roots inhibits the development of some weeds. Due to its high hydrophobicity, it is expected that SGL presents low soil mobility and limited allelopathic activity in the field. This work aims to evaluate the sorptivity of sorgoleone in octanol-water and in soil under two solvent systems. The two solvent systems we...

The effects of the mixture of two or more herbicides can be investigated at the ultrastructural modifications of chloroplasts level. An experiment was carried out with the application of the herbicides metribuzin at 25 g ha -1 and clomazone at 275 g ha -1 separately and in mixture on sunflower plants in post emergence. The material collected from t...

Herbicides that inhibit the electron transport on the photosystem II (PSII) generate oxidative stress. This stress normally is attenuated by carotenoids, which dissipate the electron energy as heat. Hence, we hypothesize that mixtures between PSII inhibitors and carotenoid inhibitors can result in synergism. The objective of this work was to verify...

Os herbicidas inibidores da enzima EPSPs, glyphosate e sulfosate, estao entre os produtos mais comercializados no Brasil e no mundo. Os objetivos dessa revisao de literatura sao sintetizar informacoes quanto ao espectro de acao, caracteristicas fisico-quimicas, principios da absorcao, translocacao, metabolizacao, mecanismo de acao, comportamento am...

The objective of this study was to evaluate rates of glyphosate herbicide applyed alone or in mixture with 2,4-D ester herbicide, to control nativo pasture before planting soybeans in a no-till system. The following treatments were tested: glyphosate at 360, 720, and 1080g ha-1 of acid equivalent, alone or in mixture with 200g ha-1 of 2,4-D, spraye...