Nawshad Haque

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation | CSIRO · Mineral Resources

Ternary master slags based on the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system with CaO/SiO2 (C/S) ratio 0.3-1.0 were doped with 5-20 wt pct of anhydrous borax (Na2B4O7) to study the phase equilibria of the quinary CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O-B2O3 slag system within the temperature range 1050-1350°C. This research uses the well-known method of high temperature equilibration of s...

Photovoltaic (PV) energy has emerged as a beneficial source when considering several factors, such as clean power generation, the reduction of glasshouse gas emissions, and the cost-competitiveness of power supply compared to other energy sources. Bangladesh is utilising rooftop areas for PV installations for homes, but ground-mounted installations...

The development of large-scale, ground-mounted photovoltaic power generation in areas with limited land is extremely difficult, especially in some countries where more than 1,100 people reside per square kilometre. Considering land's utilisation for food production, housing, and industrialisation a priority, floating solar photovoltaic (FSPV) syste...

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) from antiquated electronic goods were processed by a pyrometallurgical route to produce and separate alloy and slag phases. The process involved initial size reduction of PCBs, followed by pyrolysis at 500 C for 6 h and finally smelting of the solid materials in an electric furnace. A preliminary smelting test was perf...

Sulphide tailings are a major environmental concern due to acid mine drainage and heavy metal leaching, with costly treatments that lack economic benefits. Reprocessing these wastes for resource recovery can address pollution while creating economic opportunities. This study aimed to evaluate the potential for critical mineral recovery by character...

Clean and sustainable energy is of paramount importance for industrial activities, economic development, environment, and public welfare. Aiming to reach NetZero, researchers in both academia and industry as well as policymakers are now putting tremendous efforts into the generation, storage, and applications of clean energy. This collection focuse...

The need for energyEnergy is constantly growing due to economic, population growth, and technological advancement. In India, coal is the largest contributor with about 75% in electricity generation in 2019, but coal combustion produces higher emissions among the fossil fuels and other non-renewable energyRenewable Energy sources. Thus, the contribu...

A floating solar photovoltaic (FSPV) power plant is an emerging power generation endeavour offering higher electricity generation potential and lower land cost than the ground-mounted photovoltaic power plant. Moreover, FSPV plants can be installed in comparatively low-cost and mostly unused water surfaces like reservoirs, lakes, offshore, etc. How...

The use of electrical appliances and electronic gadgets has been increasing at a fast rate in Bangladesh mainly because of the increased economic growth in recent years. With this growing demand, the generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is increasing since all items end up in the e-waste stream at the end of their life. Th...

A micro-grid solar hybrid photovoltaic (PV) system has been designed for powering the remote healthcare center located at Charbhadrashan Upazila, Faridpur district in Bangladesh. Geographically, Bangladesh is a promising country for PV technologies, having an average of 4.5 kWh/m 2 /d solar insolation. The selected location for the work is an islan...

Worldwide a small-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) system is increasingly becoming a popular power source for domestic application. In contrast, large-scale solar power plants are of growing interest for commercial, industrial and community users as an alternative to fossil fuel-driven power plants. Despite the growing interest, scant information on l...

Affordable access to energy and power is vital for economic and human development, industrialization, and poverty alleviation. Over 20% of South Asia's population does not have access to power, resulting in immense economic growth and prosperity deprivation. The limited endowment of locally available energy resources; varied financial and technolog...

The rising greenhouse gas emission caused by fossil fuel burning is a growing concern for sustainable living and the environment. Globally, over 33 billion tonnes of CO2 is generated yearly through fossil fuel burning (44% by coal, 34% by oil, and about 21% by natural gas). The power generation by fossil fuel accounts for a lion's share of this amo...

This paper discusses the status of the global fertilizer industry with a primary focus on Australian market. The conventional energy- and carbon-intensive ammonia production industry is taking serious steps in transforming to more environmentally benign pathways via utilising ‘green’ hydrogen (hydrogen production via water electrolysis powered by r...

Nano and microplastic (NP/MP) is one of the most challenging types of micropollutants, coming from either direct release or degradation of plastic items into ecosystems. NP/MP can adsorb hazardous pollutants (such as heavy metals and pharmaceutical compounds) and pathogens onto their surface that are consumed by humans, animals, and aquatic living...

Since the end of 2019, the world has faced a major crisis because of the outbreak of COVID-19 disease which has created a severe threat to humanity. To control this pandemic, the World Health Organization gave some guidelines like wearing PPE (personal protective equipment) (e.g., face masks, overshoes, gloves), social distancing, hand hygiene and...

The phase equilibria in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary system doped with around 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% B2O3 was studied using a high-temperature equilibration followed by rapid quenching technique. Fifteen samples with CaO/SiO2 (C/S) ratios of 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 containing 15.6-19.1 wt% Al2O3 were equilibrated at a range of temperatures close to predicted...

This study focuses on the life cycle assessment (LCA) of an onshore wind farm in India. The study is conducted on 10 Vestas 1.65 MW wind turbines situated in the Karnataka state of India. Following the ISO 14044 standard, SimaPro LCA software is used to model the process. The functional unit is chosen as 1 MWh sent out electricity. The results of t...

Wind energy is an alternative energy generation from non-renewable energy resources. The turbine is used to exploit wind energy. Different components of a wind turbine necessitate different materials and metals. There is a dependency of the materials on foreign countries. To avoid future problems regarding the availability of these materials in Ind...

This article analyses Bangladesh export–import data to quantify historically generated e-waste from four types of discarded electronic devices (mobile phones, TVs, tablets, and computers/laptops) and uses the trends to predict the generation of e-waste from these devices up to 2030. From this data, together with estimated redundancy rates, printed...

Plastics have diverse uses and are gaining popularity in building and packaging applications due to their low cost, durability, and lightweight. Nowadays, plastics are found in all aspects of everyday life. According to the morphology or physical appearance, microplastics are classified as fragment, fiber, film, foam, and microbeads. The non-exhaus...

The major applications of PGMs are as catalysts in automotive industry, petroleum refining, environmental (gas remediation), industrial chemical production (e.g., ammonia production, fine chemicals), electronics, and medical fields. As the next generation energy technologies for hydrogen production, such as electrolysers and fuel cells for stationa...

Microplastic (MP) is considered as one of the emerging pollutants in marine environments. Because of low density and small particle size (<5 mm), MPs are easily discharged into open waterways by stormwater runoff. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coagulation process for the removal of different types of MPs such as...

Abstract:Bangladesh’s heavy minerals deposits in river systems remain largely unexplored withpast research restricted to beach placer deposits along the south-eastern coastline of the country.In this study, 64 samples were collected from stable sand bars from the northern BrahmaputraRiver. The average total heavy minerals (THM) from all sample site...

Nanoplastics (NPs) have become a major environmental issue due to their adverse effect on the water environment. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is considered as one of the main sources for breaking down of larger-sized plastic debris and microplastics (MPs) into NPs. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of NPs generation in t...

Arsenic is one of the top five toxic chemicals that are listed in the US Comprehensive Environment Response, Compensation, and Liability (CERCLA) Act of hazardous substances. Arsenic (As) poisoning otherwise known as ‘Arsenic threat’ has received significant attention as one of the most challenging health concerns affecting millions of people acros...

Food processing can generate large amounts of carbohydrate-rich waste that inevitably has environmental and social impacts. Meanwhile, certain heterotrophic marine microorganisms, including algae and thraustochytrids, have the potential to convert carbohydrate-rich substrates into oil-rich biomass over relatively short time frames. To assess the me...

A life cycle assessment (LCA) technique has been used to evaluate the greenhouse gas impact of a smartphone. Smartphones are becoming popular due to the advancement in technology, improved connectivity, and cheaper prices. The production of smartphones on a mass scale has an impact on the environment. A Fairphone 1 from Fairphone enterprise has bee...

Increasing industrialization and population demands for higher energy use as electricity. Coal has a broader share in electricity generation but there is problem of GHG emission due to direct coal combustion. Coal gasification is adopted as a cleaner technology in place of traditional method of generating electricity and hydrogen production. This s...

Indian railways play an important role on the overall development of country. As with increasing population, the numbers of trains are added for services, so does railways coaches. Consequently, the impact on environment is also increasing. This study closely examines the carbon footprint associated with railway coaches used by the Indian Railways....

For optimum growth of the agriculture industry certain urea-based fertilizers are used to provide better Nitrogen content to the soil, but this growth comes with a cost in terms of carbon footprint. In this paper, life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted for urea production having a minimum of 46% nitrogen content. For LCA, a fertilizer industry wi...

The global power generation is dominated by coal (38%) followed by natural gas (23%), hydro (16%), nuclear (11%), wind (5%), oil (3%), solar (2%) and biofuel (2%) in 2019. The coal-fired power generation creates coal ash (fly ash—85% and bottom ash—15%) nearly 1 billion tonne annually. Although the coal ash was considered waste and dumped as land f...

The high variability and intermittency of wind and solar farms raise questions of how to operate electrolyzers reliably, economically, and sustainably using predominantly or exclusively variable renewables. To address these questions, we develop a comprehensive cost framework that extends to include factors such as performance degradation, efficien...

Hydrogen (H2) generation using Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) is at present the most economical and preferred pathway for commercial H2 generation. This process, however, emits a considerable amount of CO2, ultimately negating the benefit of using H2 as a clean industrial feedstock and energy carrier. That has prompted growing interest in enabling C...

Microplastics (MPs) pollution in the water environment is recognized as an important environmental risk to the water environment. Among the diverse sources of MPs pollution, road dust is a major contributor to the water environment via stormwater runoff that mainly originates from degradation of vehicle tyres, road marking paints, polymer-modified...

Phase equilibria of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O slags were studied by thermal equilibration and quenching. The primary phases of the quenched slags were identified, and their equilibrium compositions determined by electron probe microanalysis. Liquidus temperatures of the slags were bracketed within an uncertainty of ± 10–20°C. Anorthite (CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2),...

Indonesia is committed to increase the contribution of renewable energy to at least 23 % of the total Indonesian energy mix by 2025. The geothermal energy resource of Indonesia could potentially help achieve this target, but there are environmental challenges associated with geothermal energy exploration. This study is aimed to estimate the carbon...

The recovery of valuable and critical metals from electronic wastes (ewaste) via the pyrometallurgical route has some challenges including high processing temperatures. Designing appropriate slag systems based on the major elemental components in e-waste could bring operational advantages by lowering the liquidus temperature. In this study, the qua...

Printed circuit boards, collected from Bangladesh, were melted to determine the proportion of metal, ceramic and volatile components. The concentration and amount of valuable elements in the e-waste were calculated from the analysis of the metal and ceramic phases. This information was used to design a simple three-stage process to recover the valu...

Australia has an advantage of having an abundant source of solar- and wind-based renewable energy. It can be utilized for renewable hydrogen production via liquid ammonia (NH3) pathway. Countries importing renewable ammonia can decompose it back to pure hydrogen using CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) metal membra...

Ilmenite is the principal feedstock for producing TiO2 used in paints, plastics and paper and the production of Ti metal. The Brahmaputra River system in Bangladesh represents a potentially new source of ilmenite concentrated within sandbar placer deposits and the current study presents results from beneficiation and characterisation studies conduc...

In recent years, solar photovoltaic energy has experienced a reasonable growth in Bangladesh. As a remote and off-grid power source over 5.8 million solar-home systems (SHSs) have already been installed having a total capacity of 370 MW. Four large-scale solar power plants have also been installed recently and another 30 plants are under planning a...

The development of renewable energy makes it possible to produce abundant hydrogen as the energy carrier. For reducing the hydrogen storage and transportation cost, methanol synthesis via reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction can provide significant environmental benefits through a carbon capture and utilization pathway. There have been researche...

CSIRO’s patented CS-Cap process aims at reducing the costs of amine-based post-combustion capture by combining SO2 and CO2 capture using one absorbent in a single absorber column. By avoiding the need for a separate flue gas desulfurization unit, the process offers potential savings for power plants requiring CO2 capture. High-level cost estimates...

The high demand for the rare earth elements (REEs) in the clean technological industries implies the increased demand to produce these elements from ores and REEs containing impaired water sources such as acid mine drainage (AMD). However, the presence of these elements in AMD has increased their toxic exposure to the water environment. Herein, we...

This collection addresses the need for sustainable technologies with reduced energy consumption and pollutants and the development and application of alternative sustainable energy to maintain a green environment and energy supply. Contributions focus on energy-efficient technologies including innovative ore beneficiation, smelting technologies, an...

The advent of corporate sustainability reporting and water accounting standards has resulted in increased disclosure of water use by mining companies. However, there has been limited compilation and analysis of these disclosures. To address this, we compiled a database of 8314 data points from 359 mining company reports, classified according to min...

Methods for quantifying the impacts of water use within life cycle assessment have developed significantly over the past decade. These methods account for local differences in hydrology and water use contexts through the use of regionally specific impact characterisation factors. However, few studies have applied these methods to the mining industr...

This study reported life cycle assessment (LCA) of six copper mines in Australia, Papua New Guinea and Portugal. Inventory data was sourced from published papers, sustainability reports by mining companies, independent technical reports and previous CSIRO studies. SimaPro software and various databases were used to evaluate life cycle based environ...

The use of biomass derived fuels and reductants in the iron and steel making industry provides a sustainable option for reducing net CO 2 emissions at a lower capital cost and technological risk than other breakthrough technologies under development. In 2006 Arrium, BlueScope and CSIRO initiated a R&D program with the aim to develop and evaluate te...

Lithium ion battery (LIB) waste contains significant valuable resources that could be recovered and reused to manufacture new products. This study aimed to develop an alternative process for extracting metals from LIB waste using acidic solutions generated by electrolysis for leaching. Results showed that solutions generated by electrolysis of 0.5...

This paper has addressed the techno-economic feasibility regarding the selective removal of sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) from low-rank sub-bituminous coal, aiming to reduce the ash slagging and fouling propensity in the pulverized coal-fired boilers. Four novel process integrations were proposed and simulated in Aspen Plus. Both the novel counter-c...

Sustainable mining management is increasingly seen as an important issue in achieving a social license to operate for mining companies. This study describes the life cycle cost (LCC) analysis and environmental valuation for several coal mine tailings management scenarios. The economic feasibility of six different options was assessed using the Net...

This study compares coal mine tailings management strategies using life cycle assessment (LCA) and land-use area metrics methods. Hybrid methods (the Australian indicator set and the ReCiPe method) were used to assess the environmental impacts of tailings management strategies. Several strategies were considered: belt filter press (OPT 1), tailings...

The rare-earth elements (REE) are key elements for renewable technologies with the demand for these elements increasing significantly and continuously over past decade. It is important to underpin their geological availability on a global scale. The current global Rare Earth Oxides (REO) market is dominated by Chinese production. However, our asses...

Mining operations are vital to sustaining our modern way of life and are often located in areas that have limited water supplies or are at an increased risk of the effects of climate change. However, few studies have considered the interactions between the mining industry and water resources on a global scale. These interactions are often complex a...

The results have been presented for the process simulation and exergy analysis on two different nickel laterite processing routes. These are Ferronickel production and high pressure acid leaching (HPAL). An exergy analysis undertaken using the simulation results. The process simulation was carried out by Aspen Plus with inputs from thermodynamic si...

This collection focuses on energy efficient technologies including innovative ore beneficiation, smelting technologies, recycling and waste heat recovery. The volume also covers various technological aspects of sustainable energy ecosystems, processes that improve energy efficiency, reduce thermal emissions, and reduce carbon dioxide and other gree...

A reaction model was developed to predict kinetic parameters and competition of Mg2 + and Ca2 + ions during carbonation in mild conditions, i.e. ambient temperature and up to 3 atm for the CO2 partial pressure. The experimental carbonation results at different temperatures, Mg2 +/Ca2 + ratios, and atmospheric pressure were used to validate and pred...

This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) study of three nickel laterite processing technologies. The main goal was to quantify selected environmental impact categories and to compare and analyse each impact category for three different nickel feedstock for stainless steel production. The nickel laterite processing routes were (1) high pres...

The implications of sustainability for the minerals and metal production industry are explored from the perspective of wastes produced during mining and processing. The industry has moved from complying with regulations to being more aware of corporate social responsibility and in in the next decades will need to move towards closing the loop to re...

Abstract The rare earth elements (REE) play an indispensable role in modern technology, especially in wind turbines, or as phosphors, catalysts, specialty alloys and others. Despite the benefits of REE, there has been minimal research assessing the environmental impacts of REE mining. Here, we present a “cradle to gate” scale life cycle impact asse...