Navneet Kumar Verma

• Pursuing Ph.D, M.Pharm (Pharmaceutics) SEFM, LMIOASD SUYASH INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, HAKKABAD, GORAKHPUR, U.P. INDIA-273016
• Professor (Associate) at Independent Researcher

For organizations, the development of new business models and competitive advantages throughthe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in business and IT strategies holds considerable promise. The majority of businesses are finding it difficult to take advantage of the opportunities for value creation while other pioneers are successfully util...

Ethosomal systems are new lipid vesicular carriers that contain a relatively high amount of ethanol. These nanocarriers have different physicochemical characteristics and are specifically designed to transport medicinal chemicals through the skin and into deep skin layers. These nanocarriers have different physicochemical characteristics and are sp...

Neolamarkiacadamba is one such Ayurvedic remedy that has been referenced in a variety of Indian medical literature sources. The medical advantages of Neolamarckiacadamba's antibacterial and antidiabetic properties are covered in this review. Herbalism is the practice of using plants as medicine. Anthocephaluscadamba belongs to the Rubiaceae family....

Since ancient times, Psoralea corylifolia (Leguminosae), also referred to as babchi or babachi, has been utilizedin a variety of traditional systems for food preparation. Psoralea corylifolia is a plant that grows in various Asian,Indian and other countries. The goal of this paper is to present a thorough analysis of Psoralea corylifolia'sphytochem...

The article is about the smart drug delivery system.

ABSTRACT The fast expansion of information and telecommunication technology has a significant impact on the delivery of healthcare in many nations. Geographical and demographic reasons, however, frequently result in rural inhabitants and communities having limited access to healthcare services. A more recent term for pharmaceutical service deliv...

Its about pharmacy automation study in pharmacy

Machine learning is one of the most exciting recent technologies in Artificial Intelligence. Learning algorithms in many applications that's we make use of daily. Every time a web search engine like Google or Bing is used to search the internet, one of the reasons that works so well is because a learning algorithm, one implemented by Google or Micr...

In Ayurvedic system of medicine, Kwathis the most important and commonly utiliseddosage form. It is one of Bhaishajya Kalpana's fundamental Panchvidh Kashaya Kalpanas.It serves as the foundation for other secondary dossage forms like Snehapaka, SandhanaKalpana, Avleha, and so forth. Thus, Kwatha needs to be of standard quality in order toobtain goo...

The article is about a disease called " Leptospirosis"

Artificial intelligence has demonstrated tremendous potential as a tool for medication development and discovery in recent years. Artificial intelligence has the potential to accelerate drug development by identifying new targets for drugs, predicting the properties of molecules, and producing treatment options with higher chances of success. Furth...

The effects of five organomercury compounds (methylmercuric chloride, phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric borate, phenylmercuric citrate, and diphenylmercury) on photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach chloroplasts were studied. The structures of organomercury compounds have been studied in terms of the secondary bonds formed by mercu...

Picture analysis has advanced significantly as a result of DL and AI approaches. Artificial intelligence-based methods will benefit physicians as well as radiologists, even though they won't replace them entirely. These techniques will most likely be utilized for consultation and decision support rather than decision-making. However, radiologists m...

The present study was aimed at evaluating the Hepatoprotective activity of poly-herbal formulation against paracetamol intoxicated Wistar-albino rats in albino rats. The poly-herbal formulation was crushed and dried under shade. The dried poly-herbal material was macerated by using ethanol and distilled water (w/v 1:3) ratio taken. The poly-herbal...

Review Article An innovative drug delivery system is a brand-new approach that successfully delivers pharmaceutical chemicals throughout the body as needed to produce the desired pharmacological effect by fusing creative formulation, new technology, and inventive methodology. There are many cutting-edge medication delivery methods on the market. Of...

In the recent year colonic drug delivery is important for delivery of drug for the treatment of local disease. Targeted drug delivery into the colon is highly desirable for local treatment of a variety of bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, amoebiosis, colonic cancer, local treatment of colonic pathologies, and systemic deli...

Among the many carriers that are turned down for administering medications to various body nerves, cellular carriers must meet a number of requirements for clinical use, the most crucial of which is the carrier's biocompatibility with its degradation products. Leucocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, Nano erythrocytes, hepatocytes, and fibroblasts etc....

Tooth decay, a chronic ailment that affects only humans, is one of the most common and dangerous oral health problems in the world today. As a result, teeth hard tissues are damaged. Acidic byproducts of bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates, specifically sucrose drates, harm acellular tissue. Most people have sluggish progression because...

Review Article Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the intestines. IBD, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by a complex interplay of environmental, genetic, and immunological variables. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by the interplay of a person's immune system with precipitating env...

ABSTRACT: Lornoxicam belongs to the oxicam group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and exerts analgesic and antipyretic effects, particularly in conditions like Rheumatoid arthritis and postoperative pain, by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase-1 and -2 non-selectively. Alongside its peripheral inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 receptors, it also...

Review Article Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a disruptive force in pharmaceutical healthcare, offering innovative solutions to complex challenges and driving transformative advancements across various domains. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted applications of AI in pharmaceutical healthcare as well as research, drawi...

As of right now, there is no evidence to support the idea that COVID-19 specific treatments exist; what is known is that the immune system is a major factor in the development and course of the illness. Chemicals of high efficacy and low toxicity have been found in plants and some of these chemicals are used as building blocks to create highly pote...

Strong nanoparticles called nanogels may be utilized in controlled drug delivery applications to distribute active pharmaceutical ingredients. Because of their chemical makeup and formulations that are unsuited for other formulations, nanogels provide a safer and more effective drug delivery mechanism for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic medicines....

Different nations define dietary supplements differently, and regulations are sometimes ambiguous and seem to prioritise corporate profits over the general welfare. Supplements may have direct negative effects or interact negatively with drugs or other supplements. It turns out that many supplements include heavy metals, and some of them don't have...

One industry that incorporates AI-based technology into its daily operations is the government sector. The use of AI in government settings has a lot of promise, but there are also a lot of obstacles that need to be removed. We analyse the degree to which organisational, technological and environmental processes have evolved and identify the ensuin...

A B S T R A C T Thyme's high concentration of bioactive chemicals and ethnopharmacological significance make it one of the most significant therapeutic herbs. The alternative natural antioxidant and antibacterial thyme, which has potential applications in the food business, is the main topic of this review. This is in keeping with the tastes of the...

Polymers are a broad class of materials made up of several tiny molecules. Cotton, wool, rubber, Teflon(tm), and all plastics are polymers that are employed in almost every industry. Many biological, synthetic, and hybrid polymers are used in medicinal applications. A variety of polymers are available, and they have the added benefit of being adjus...

A Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) is a device that inhales dry powdered medication into the lungs. DPIs are frequently used to treat respiratory conditions like COPD, bronchitis, and asthma. In recent years, interest in DPI as an effective and ecologically friendly method of medication delivery to the lung has increased. Only an effective metering mechani...

INTRODUCTION Localized drug distribution through the skin, vagina, rectal, and ocular cavities is known as topical drug administration. These are treating their healthy or damaged skin using a wide range of aesthetic and dermatological preparations [1]. These formulations are either solid, semisolid, or liquid in terms of physicochemical nature. Dr...

INTRODUCTON There are many different types of traditional medicinal herbs that Indonesians have been using for years. In traditional medicine, the betel plant-also referred to as piper betle-is utilised. The native plant of Indonesia, betel, creeps up or rests on other tree trunks. A common herb in Malay daily life and several family rituals is bet...

Drugs which are in use presently for the management of pain and inflammatory conditions are either narcotics e.g.opioids or non-narcotics e.g. salicylates and corticosteroids e.g. hydrocortisone. All of these drugs present well knownside and toxic effects. More over synthetic drugs are very expensive to develop since, for the successful introductio...

Andrographis paniculata (King of Bitters), also known as Kalmegh, is a member of the Acanthaceae family. Andrographis paniculata is widely cultivated, and its relevance as a medicinal plant is expanding as evidence of its several therapeutic applications grows. Considering the plant's beneficial properties, it might be recommended as a safe and vit...

Microencapsulation is the process of encapsulating one material entirely within another on a very small scale, resulting in capsules ranging in size from less than 1-100. The encapsulation efficiency of the microcapsule is affected by various aspects such as polymer concentration, polymer solubility in solvent, solvent removal rate, organic solvent...

Powdered leaves of Moringa oleifera are useful in reducing stunting. Based on nutrigenomic and biological research, adding powdered Moringa oleifera leaves to supplemental foods may be beneficial to health. Molecular qualities that are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anemia-preventing. Therefore, more study in these areas will be needed in the...

INTRODUCTON The fabrication of pharmaceutical dosage forms and the 3D printing (3DP) process are both relatively new concepts in the pharmaceutical industry. 3DP is also known as additive manufacturing technology. Three-dimensional printing is one of the fields of technology, art, and science that is now advancing the fastest and its applications a...

Numerous advantages of gels Delivery of hydrophobic medications is severely limited. In order to overcome this limitation and take advantage of the unique properties of gels, even a hydrophobic medicinal moiety is being treated with an emulsion-based approach. The dosage form produced by mixing gels and emulsions is called an emulgel. Dermatologica...

Piper betel Linn. Is one of the important plants in the different region belonging to the family piperaceae? The betel plant is an evergreen and perennial creeper with glossy heart shape leaves and white catkin. Piper betel leave extract contains large number of bioactive molecule like polyphenol, alkaloids, steroids, saponin and tannin. Piper bete...

ABSTRACT Transferosomes serve as carriers for a targeted transdermal drug delivery system, constituting a specialized class of liposomes characterized by the presence of phosphatidylcholine and an edge activator. This innovative system capitalizes on phospholipid vesicles as carriers for transdermal drug delivery, effectively permeating the stratum...

A simple and reproducible UV-spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of Glycyrrhetinic acid in Pratishyayghna kwath (PK) were developed and validated in the present work. The parameters linearity, precision, accuracy, and standard error were studies according to Indian herbal pharmacopiea. In this present study a new, simple, r...

Molecular recognition refers to the interacti hydrogen bonding, Vander Wall forces, halogen bonding, interactions. Dendrimers are hyperbranched molecules which are a relatively nove unique molecular structure and dimensions in comparison to recent notable advances in the molecular recognition in both the organic as well as inorganic components whic...

Fenofibrate is a lipid lowering drug used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, which is not soluble in water and lower absorption in gastric fluid. In order to improve the solubility and oral absorption of the drug in gastric fluid and to enhance its dissolution rate solid dispersions evaluated. Solid dispersions of Fenofibrate were prepared using P...

The objective of this research work was to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving tablet of Sildenafil citrate, a drug, that issued for the treatment of erectile dysfunction was prepared using different polymers and also optimize the best formulation. The study involved different excipients were tested for their compatibility with Sildenafil citrat...

Standardization of herbal formulation is essential in order to assess the quality, Purity, Safety & efficacy of the drug based on the amount of their active principles. Pratishyayghnakwath is a polyher containing Glycyrrhizaglabra (Roots), (Flowers, Leaves), Saccharumofficinarum widely effective and used in treatment of cough and cold. In present i...

It is the most important part of Pharmaceutical dosage forms; Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) established itself as an integral part of Novel Drug Delivery Systems. On the the delivery of the drug across dermis gives the systemic effect. Paracetamol is widely used as Antipyretics as well as mildly Analgesics. In this study Transdermal patch...

Liposomes are a novel drug delivery system (NDDS), in which the medication is encapsulated in a vesicle. It has been a study interest in the development of a surfactants, sphingolipids, glycolipids, long chain fatty acids and even membrane proteins and drug molecules or it is also called vesicular system. It is differ in size, composition and charg...

Ascorbic acid is also called Ascorbates or Vitamin C. The present study was investigated to carried out for the preparation of multiple emulsion for the care of skin (cosmetics); multiple emulsion water (w/o/w) formulations containing Ascor Ascorbic acid- 100mg, Caster oil 2%w/v. Multiple emulsions were characterized with different parameters like...

Niosomes are a Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS). A number of NDDS has been reported through various route of administration ,to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery. often formulated to permit the establishment and maintenance of any concentration at target site for longer intervals of time. One such technique of drug targeting is Niosome...

Achyrathes aspera is an important medicinal herb that grows as a weed across Nepal's tropical region. It is a member ofthe amaranthaceae family. Dattiwan in Nepali, Apamarg in Sanskrit, prickly chaff flower in English, and Naayuruvi inTamil are all names for this plant. Because of their safety and effectiveness, medicinal plants are used to treat a...

Wild Tinospora cordifolia Guduchi/Amrita, native name; English: Indian Tinospora, also known as Giloya/Gulancha in Hindi, belongs to the Menispermaceae family and is abundant in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and China. The plant is a spreading and climbing shrub with many twisting branches. T. cordifolia is utilised in Ayurvedic medicine and has...

Multiple emulsions are also known as emulsions of emulsions, liquid membrane system or double emulsion. These have been proposed to have numerous uses including their use for enhancement of bioavailability or as a prolonged drug delivery system. Multiple emulsions are often stabilized using a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfactants....

Nanoemulsions are submicron sized emulsion that is under extensive investigation as drug carriers for improving the delivery of therapeutic agents. Nanoemulsions have the potential in pharmaceutical industries because of the transparency at high droplet volume fraction, higher rate of bioavailability or diffusion and increased shelf life of the pha...

Transdermal drug delivery appears to be the most vital drug delivery system because of its merit over conventional systems. Transport of the drug through skin is best route of drug delivery because of the skin is largest organ human organ with total weight 3 kg and a surface of 1.5 -2.0 m2. Drug carries used in transdermal drug delivery. Various st...

Ethosomes are amphiphilic novel lipid vesicular systems that have shown their potential in improving the bioavailability of poorly water soluble as well as poorly lipophilic drugs. Mefenamic acid is anthranilic acid derivative agent and belongs to Biopharmaceutical classification system class II drugs that show poor water solubility as well as poor...

In recent years, the growing demand for Indian weeds has led to a new way in the field of plant materials traded within and across the countries. The medicinal properties of these plants have been investigated in the light of recent scientific developments, due to their potent pharmacological activities, less toxicity, and economic viability. Many...

Nanoemulsion is kinetically stable and isotropic system of two immiscible liquids in sub micron size range. Nanoemulsions are composed of oil droplets dispersed in an aqueous medium and stabilized by surfactant molecules. Advantages of nanoemulsions include increased drug loading and enhanced bioavailability. The methods used for the production of...

Application of erythrocytes, the most abundant cells of the human body with desirable physiologic and morphologic characteristics, in drug delivery has been exploited extensively. Among the various carriers used for targeting drugs to various body tissues, the cellular carriers meet several criteria desirable in clinical applications, among the mos...

Standardization of herbal formulation is essential in order to assess the quality, purity, safety and efficacy of the drugs. Most of the traditional system of medicine is effective but they lack of standardization. So there is a need to develop a standardization technique. In this research is an attempt to evaluate “Hingwashtak churna” an Ayurvedic...

Coronaviruses is a group of highly diverse single stranded RNA virus. Corona included fever fatigue cough cold. Coronaviruses (CoV) are immeasurable family of viruses that cause sickness ranging from the common cold to more severe viruses such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). 2-14 days...

Medicinal plants were the potent source of various novel pharmaceutical products that shows ect causing potent pharmacological effect on the human beings. Instead of using the side effects causing chemical drugs, the ancient medicine could be explored to identify the novel drug formulations that are more effective with lesser side effects and also...

A dendrimer is typically described as a macromolecule, which is characterized by its highly branched 3D structure that provides a high degree of surface functionality and adaptability. Dendrimers are a new class of polymeric materials. They are highly branched, monodisperse macromolecules. The structure of those materials features a great impact on...

The development of this buccal and fast acting highly efficacious diuretic was a breakthrough. Its maximal natriuretic effect is way greater than that of other classes. The diuretic response goes on increasing with increasing dose: upto 10 L of urine could even be produced during each day . it's active even in patients with relatively severe renal...

Ethosomes are novel lipid vesicular carriers containing a relatively high percentage of ethanol andthe novel approach for the current drug delivery as a transdermal drug delivery system which is employed for the assessment of the targeted drug to the site of action. There are many application in the development of the formulation for the better rel...

The replacement, restoration, or repair of damaged tissues is the focus of the multidisciplinary discipline of regenerative medicine. The necessity for reconstruction in patients with tissue damage from illnesses, trauma, and congenital abnormalities in both children and adults gave rise to this specialty. Through a range of techniques, including t...

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease rather than a natural part of the life cycle as colloquially viewed of the pilosebaceous unit (comprising the hair follicle, hair shaft and sebaceous gland) and is among the most common dermatological conditions worldwide. Some of the key mechanisms involved in the development of acne include dis...

Numerous advantages of gels Delivery of hydrophobic medications is severely limited. In order to overcome this limitation and take advantage of the unique properties of gels, even a hydrophobic medicinal moiety is being treated with an emulsion-based approach. The dosage form produced by mixing gels and emulsions is called an emulgel. Dermatologica...

The largest cause of mortality and neurological impairment in the world today is stroke. Survivors of an ischemic stroke often have impairment in motor function, visual field defect, speech difficulties, and depression, among other symptoms. While cerebral ischemia is occurring, the levels of many neurotransmitters in the brain, including dopamine,...

Calotropis procera and C. gigantea, two soft-wooded, xerophytic shrubs of the family Apocynaceae, are used both historically and currently. Their uses are examined in light of the chemical makeup and biological characteristics of the plants. The use of plants as building materials, organic insecticides, animal feed, and for bioremediation are the m...

ABSTRACT The main aim of this review article which is used for the treatment in onychomycosis which is skin disorder cause by the pathogens includes dermatophytes, Candida and non-dermatophytes. Nail lacquer is also applicable in improvement clinical efficacy and also proper the patients compliance, Preparation of nail lacquer by simple mixing n...

Medicinal plants are gift of God, to cure infinite number of diseases in human beings and other living organism. These Plant materials have been extensively used in the indigenous system of medicine which is mention in the Ayurveda and other Indian literature. In this present experiment we had studied about to evaluate in-vitro anthelmintic activit...

Cassia tora Linn. Leguminosae is an annual herbaceous fetid herb which is mostly found in South East Asia and the South West Pacific as an important weed. It is one of the recognized anthraquinone (organic compound) containing plants. Later on there were many sages who prominently worked for Ayurveda such as Athar Vangirasa, Atharveda, Atreya, Agni...

Foeniculum vulgareis a perennial, aromatic plant belonging to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family. The fruits, commonly referred to as seeds, are ridged, aromatic and oblong or ellipsoid shaped. Originally indigenous to the Mediterranean region, it has now been naturalized and cultivated throughout the world and is universally known as fennel and by mor...

AN EXTENSIVE REVIEW ON FRAGRANCE MEDICINAL PLANT- NYCTANTHES ARBOR-TRISTIS LINN

INTRODUCTON Ayurvedic medicine is a tried-and-true medical method that has been used in India's hospitals for many years. Being a tried-and-true system, it offers an advantage over other health management systems now in use 1. Formulations are referred to as polyherbal when they contain two or more herbs. Herbal medicine and Ayurveda both have thei...

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic, highly contagious disease caused by the Bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads from person to person through air. Tuberculosis affects lungs majorly but also affects other parts of the body, such as brain, intestine, spine and kidney. The main cause for patient’s non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis t...

Objectives- The objective of this survey is to find the various Covid-19 vaccine complication in India and to spread awareness among people about adverse effects and their reporting also to study the rare side effects so to minimize the chances to harmful effects. Methods-Online surveys and questionnaires have been used to collect data from various...

The Piper betelplant is an evergreen and perennial creeper which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases. The liquid extract of the plant has been used traditionally in curing inflammationand infection of the respiratory tract, cough, dyspnoea, indigestion,diphtheria, hysteria as well as general and sexual debility. The In...

Abutilon indicum Linn (Malvaceae) is a shrub distributed throughout India. The various parts of the plant (leaves, roots, seeds and seed oil) are widely employed by various tribal communities and forest dwellers for the treatment of sort of ailments. The plant contains mucilage, tannins, β-sitosterol, asparagines, flavonoids, alkaloids, hexoses, na...

Many medicinal plants are a rich source of medications that have been prescribed in several medical treaties for the treatment of various ailments, either separately or in combination. Adina Cordifolia (Roxb.) is a plant found in India, Ceylon, Thailand, and Burma, where it grows in mixed deciduous woods and is used by traditional healers to cure c...

It has been used as a drug since the 1960s and is listed on the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines as an antidote in poisonings. There are numerous other uses or proposed uses in medicine that are still in preclinical and clinical investigations. NAC is also used in food supplements and cosmetics. It is often used to...

Myristica fragrans is commonly named nutmeg or mace belongs to family Myristicaceae. It is an aromatic evergreen tree with spreading branches and a yellow fleshy fruit similar in appearance to an apricot or peach. Myristica fragrans essential oil has antimicrobial, antiseptic, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. We have re...

Abscess is a localised collection of pus contained with a cavity and it is widely affected skin, anal area, tooth pulp etc. It cause swallowing, pain ,fever, the main cause of abscess is incision ,bacterial infection ,wounds and it can be diagnosed by CT scan, MRI, X-ray and radioisotopes scaning. It can be treated by using some antibiotic ,surgery...

Formulation of drugs in liposomes has provided an opportunity to enhance the therapeutic indices of various agents mainly through alteration in their bio distribution. Liposomes are a novel drug delivery system (NDDS), they are vesicular structures consisting of bilayer which form spontaneously when phospholipids are dispersed in water. They are mi...

Solubility of a drug is an important parameter in the formulation development. Hence various techniques are used for the improvement of the solubility of poorly watersoluble and water insoluble drugs include Particle Size Reduction, Solid Dispersion, Nanosuspension, Supercritical Fluid Technology, Cryogenic Technology, Inclusion Complex Formation T...

―Marketing products and services based on environmental factors or awareness. Companies involved in green marketing make decisions concerning the whole process of the company's products, like methods of processing, packaging and distribution‖. Green marketing refers to the method of selling products and/or services supported their environmental ben...

Carcinoma is the 2nd leading mortality in the U.S. Signs & symptoms include typically unspecific until the tumours metastasize. Hence, an urgency is there for quick, precise, and non-invasive carcinoma diagnosis, rapid detection, diagnosis, stage surveys, & forecasts. Saliva is a multi-structural fluid, found in the oral region, containing secretio...

GRP78 is a reticulum-based molecular chaperone that helps fold and assemble protein, controls protein stability, and regulates ER tension signals via Ca2+ attachment to ER. Tumours consistently upregulate GRP78. It functions as a critical stress sensor that recognises and adapts to shifts inside the tumour's microenvironment, mediating cancer cell...

In this present experiment we had studied about to evaluate invitro anthelmintic activity of Ocimum sanctum by using leaves extract. Anthelmintic activity was tested against Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma. Extraction of Ocimum sanctum demonstrated potent anthelmintic activity tested against Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma. The dose-depende...

Felicia muricata is a medicinal plant used for the management of different human and livestock diseases in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The antioxidant potential of the leaves from this herb was investigated using its water, methanol, acetone and ethanol extracts. Secondary metabolites mainly flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, triter...

The present summarized paper on medicinal plants that have been reported by researchers on experimental or clinical anti-diabetic evidence and that have been used in traditional systems of medicine. A diabetes mellitus disease is one of the most frequent noncommunicable diseases worldwide. A complete review was conducted to pile up information abou...