Nathalie Quiniou

IFIP - The French Pork and Pig Institute

Gestating sows are often fed a single diet throughout their gestation cycle, leading to situations of nutrients deficiency or excess at the individual level. The purpose of this study was to characterize, over 3 consecutive cycles, the impact of a precision feeding (PF), i.e. dietary supplies adjusted at individual level in terms of quantity (energ...

Immunization against GnRF (gonadotropin-releasing-factor) is being investigated by the dry-cured ham industry as a solution to increase carcass fatness of entire male pigs in a context of physical castration ban. In gilts, the vaccine temporarily suppresses the ovarian function and the associated secondary effects have been characterized in a trial...

La cadence de mise bas est ralentie quand elle débute longtemps après le repas de la truie Deux essais ont été réalisés (E1, E2) pour caractériser l'incidence de l'intervalle de temps écoulé depuis le dernier repas (TDR) et le début de la mise bas (MB) sur le déroulement de celle-ci. Les truies E1 (n = 39) sont observées seulement entre 07h15-20h00...

Caractérisation des performances et du profil de croissance des porcs mâles entiers ou castrés chirurgicalement pour évaluer leurs besoins en acides aminés La consommation d'aliment et le poids de 30 mâles entiers (ME) et 30 mâles castrés (MC) croisés Piétrain x (Large White x Landrace), élevés par cases de six, ont été mesurés toutes les 3 semaine...

Cet article fait le point sur les connaissances relatives aux besoins nutritionnels des porcs mâles non castrés chirurgicalement, dans la perspective de mieux valoriser leur potentiel de croissance pour une meilleure efficience alimentaire, tout en veillant à maintenir un faible risque d’odeurs de verrat et à préserver les qualités de la carcasse e...

The increase in prolificacy at weaning is less than that at farrowing due to increased loss of piglets. As a result, farmers focus more on solutions that can prevent difficult parturition or a decrease in milk production. The body condition of the sow influences both factors. A model developed to estimate energy requirements of gestating sows was u...

The dynamic model ThermiPig was developed to simulate thermal balance at the fattening room scale, as the result of the heat produced by the group of pigs or provided by incoming air and equipment and that lost due to air renewal or thermal conductivity of the walls and ceiling. A growth model (assuming thermoneutral conditions, InraPorc) and a bio...

Le coût élevé des sources de phosphore et l’impact d’un apport en excès de cet élément sur l’environnement conduisent à restreindre les apports en phosphore aux besoins chez la truie reproductrice. Au contraire, les sources de calcium sont peu onéreuses et, en l’absence de contrainte de teneur maximale sur cet élément, sa teneur peut être assez éle...

This paper reviews the current knowledge on the nutritional requirements of entire male and immunocastrated pigs to obtain an efficient growth, low boar taint level, and good carcass and meat quality. We present the reasons for offering entire males ad libitum access to the diets in order to optimize their protein deposition potential. Boar taint i...

Precision feeding (PF) with the daily mixing of two diets with different lysine content (high (H) or low (L)) was previously reported for growing pigs to reduce protein intake and N excretion compared to a conventional feeding (CF) based on a single diet (C). Using a simulation approach based on farm data, the objective of the present paper was to...

Pig livestock farming systems encounter several economic and environmental challenges, connected with meat price decrease, sanitary norms, emissions etc. To deal with these issues, methods and models to assess the performance of a pig production system have been developed. For instance, Thermipig model represents the pig fattening room and simulate...

Since the new welfare regulation, farmers have to breed pregnant sows penned in the group. Thus, breeders observed more heterogeneity in the backfat thickness of sows when they are entering the farrowing units, implying more losses of piglets. It is also more difficult to observe lameness issues in large groups of sows. The objectives of this proje...

Precision feeding is a promising strategy to improve the efficiency of resource use by improving the adequacy between nutrient supplies and animal requirements. Technologies that identify each pig within a group (RFID ear tags), weighs it automatically and mixes different diets to adapt the quality of the feed ration on an individual and daily basi...

Nutritionists, feed companies and equipment manufacturers look for solutions that help farmers to improve sustainability of pig production. Based on experimental results obtained in silico or in vivo, a better adequacy between amino acid supplies and requirements increases feed efficiency and farmer’s income and reduces the environmental impact of...

La présence d’odeurs indésirables dans la viande de porcs mâles entiers est principalement liée à l’accumulation d’androsténone et de scatol. L’androsténone est synthétisée par les testicules et le scatol par les bactéries du colon à partir du tryptophane. Leur teneur dans le tissu adipeux résulte du bilan entre leur synthèse, leur élimination et l...

Precision feeding is a promising way to improve feed efficiency and thus economic and environmental sustainability of livestock production. A decision support system (DSS) was built to determine in real-time the nutritional requirements of animals and feed characteristics (i.e. composition, amount) for an application of precision feeding in pig and...

True or false stillborn piglets: a new and rapid ultrasonographic method of evaluation High rate of pre-weaning mortality (20% of total born) is an important economic and ethical issue in pig farms. Contribution of stillborn piglets is high (36% of total mortality) but variable. This may be attributed to some inaccurate on-farm evaluations, as prec...

Pour optimiser le paiement des carcasses, les éleveurs peuvent attendre que les porcs les plus légers d’une bande aient atteint leur poids optimal avant de les envoyer à l’abattoir. Une enquête réalisée dans 22 élevages naisseurs-engraisseurs du Grand Ouest a permis de caractériser différentes pratiques, telles que le départ échelonné des animaux o...

Four experiments were carried out to study the effect of dietary presentation on pigs. In a postweaning study, meal and pellets were compared in either good or bad sanitary conditions (Exp. 1, 14 pens/treatment). Over 41 days after weaning, pigs were offered ad libitum a phase 1 then a phase 2 diet in a dry feeder. The meal form increased DFI (+6%,...

A feeder prototype has been developed by IFIP and an equipment manufacturer toperform precision feeding for 96 group-housed growing pigs each equipped witha RFID ear tag. A sorting station, placed on force sensors, allows for weighingpigs individually and orienting them towards (i) five automatic feeders (AF), aslong as daily feed allowance is not...

A feeder prototype has been developed by IFIP in association with an equipment manufacturer to perform precision feeding for 96group‐housed growing pigs, each equipped with a RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) ear tag. It consists in five automaticfeeders (AF), one weighing‐sorting station (WS), and three areas. The WS station is placed on force...

Forty entire male pigs per treatment were fed with diets presented as mash (F) or ground pellets (M) over the 2-109 body weight (BW) range. A liquid feeding system that allows for a simultaneous feeding was used to ontrol the daily feed allowance per pen (five pigs/pen). Dietary nutrient contents were calculated from hemical characteristics of ingr...

Forty entire male pigs per treatment were fed with diets presented as mash (F) or ground pellets (M) over the 22-109 body weight (BW) range. A liquid feeding system that allows for a simultaneous feeding was used to control the daily feed allowance per pen (five pigs/pen). Dietary nutrient contents were calculated from chemical characteristics of i...

The aim of the trial was to compare the performance and boar taint risk when entire male pigs (40 per treatment) were fed with diets presented as mash (M) or ground pellets (P) over the 22-109 BW range. A liquid feeding system that allows for a simultaneous feeding was used to control the daily feed allowance per pen (5 pigs/pen) that corresponded...

This study was performed to evaluate the growth, economic and environmental performances of entire male pigs (EM) when fed ad libitum with biphase diets formulated to meet their amino acid (AA) requirements (group E) or those of castrated males (CM, group C). In a previous study, the requirement in standardized ileal digestible lysine per unit of n...

Variability in bodyweight (BW) among pigs complicates the management of feeding strategies and slaughter. Including variability among individuals in modelling approaches can help to design feeding strategies to control performance level, but also its variability. The InraPorc model was used to perform simulations on 10 batches of 84 crossbred pigs...

Body composition evolution studied by computer tomography (CT) on ad libitum or restrictively fed growing pigs The effect of feeding level (AL: ad libitum or R: restricted) on the changes in tissue composition during growth was studied in 10 females and 10 castrated male pigs by feeding level. The animals were sedated and scanned in vivo with a CT‐...

UMT Ingénierie des systèmes de production porcine Session : Alimentation

Pre-weaning piglet mortality is largely attributed to the incidence of low birth weight and birth weight variation within litter. Therefore, developing strategies to increase within-litter uniformity of piglet birth weight is important. This study investigated the effects of different feeding strategies based on specific nutrient supplies in sow di...

Projets Casdar retenu en 2009

Session Poster CT Adaptation

Dans les élevages porcins français, en moyenne un porcelet né vivant sur sept meurt avant le sevrage. Le poids de naissance et sa variation intra-portée sont deux facteurs déterminants de la survie post-natale des porcelets. Aussi, définir des pratiques d’élevage visant à réduire le nombre de petits porcelets ou l’hétérogénéité des portées à la nai...

Session 13A. Sow nutrition to cope with increased reproductive potential

In most countries, male pigs are physically castrated soon after birth to reduce the risk of boar taint and to avoid behaviours such as fighting and mounting. However, entire male pigs are more feed efficient and deposit less fat than barrows. In addition, many animal welfare organizations are lobbying for a cessation of castration, with a likeliho...

Inclusion of variation in deterministic nutritional models for growth by repeating simulations using different sets of parameters has been performed in literature without or with only hypothetic consideration of the covariance structure among parameters. However, a description of the structure of links among parameters describing individuals is req...

Effet de l'apport de dextrose avant l'insémination et d'arginine pendant le dernier tiers de gestation sur l'hétérogénéité du poids des porcelets Cette étude a été conduite dans le cadre des réflexions du groupe de travail "hyper prolificité", regroupant des représentants de l' Effet de l'apport de dextrose avant l'insémination et d'arginine pendan...

Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre d'une thèse CIFRE avec un co-financement de l'appel à projets « Recherche finalisée et innovation Modélisation de l'effet de la stratégie alimentaire et du contexte de prix des matières premières sur les performances moyennes, leur variabilité, et les rejets azotés à l'échelle d'une population de porcs Une pop...

Effets de l'incorporation d'extrait de thé vert ou de vitamine E dans l'aliment finition sur la qualité de viande et les performances de croissance de porcs nourris avec ou sans graine de lin extrudée Avec la collaboration technique du personnel de la station expérimentale IFIP de Romillé (35), de D. LOISEAU et R. RICHARD Growth performance, carcas...

Effect of feeding diets in meal or ground pellet form on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing‐finishing pigs when fed restrictively The impact of pelleting on growth performance has mainly been investigated in ad libitum feeding conditions. The aim of the trial was to study the effects of feeding diets in meal or ground pellet...

Les différents volets de ce programme expérimental ont été financés par le Programme National de Développement Agricole et Rural et/ou par INAPORC et ont été réalisés à la station expérimentale de l'IFIP à Romillé avec la collaboration technique de D. LOISEAU, R. RICHARD, E. GAULT, T. LHOMMEAU, J.‐P. COMMEUREUC, B. PELTIER, P. ROCHER, S. LECHAUX. L...

Quiniou, N., Quinsac, A., Crépon, K., Evrard, J., Peyronnet, C., Bourdillon, A., Royer, E. and Etienne, M. 2012. Effects of feeding 10% rapeseed meal (Brassica napus) during gestation and lactation over three reproductive cycles on the performance of hyperprolific sows and their litters. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 513–524. Largely due to increased prod...

For centuries, entire male pigs have been castrated to reduce the risk of boar taint. However, physical castration of pig is increasingly being questioned with regard to animal welfare considerations. Immunization against gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) provides an alternative to physical castration. Using the currently available commercial...

The effect of dietary NE content on feed intake and performance of pigs was investigated using crossbred barrows with initial and final BW of approximately 35 and 110 kg, respectively. Pigs were housed individually and allowed ad libitum access to feed. Pigs were randomly allotted to 6 wheat and soybean meal-based diets (8.1, 8.7, 9.3, 9.9, 10.5, a...

In pig (Sus Scrofa) production, within-batch variation in bw gain of piglets during the nursery period (up to 10 wk of age) can be high and is of high economic importance. Homogeneity of BW within batches of animals is important as it influences the efficiency of use of the grower and finisher facilities, and provides an extra value for the fatteni...

La variabilité de la prolificité est maîtrisable par l'éleveur tant que le nombre de porcelets nés vivants n'excède pas le nombre de tétines fonctionnelles dans la maternité : des adoptions entre portées permettent alors d'ajuster le nombre de porcelets allaités aux capacités laitières des truies. Quand la prolificité est très élevée, la gestion de...

Knowledge of amino acid requirements in growing pigs is required to formulate diets that optimize the feed efficiency and potentially limit the environmental impact of pig production. However, not all pigs have the same amino acid requirements, and thus the same responses to a defined nutrient supply, resulting from the variation in growth potentia...

Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre d'une thèse CIFRE avec un co‐financement de l'appel à projets « Recherche finalisée et innovation » du Ministère de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche Du porc à la bande : étude des liens entre paramètres individuels pour modéliser la croissance à l'échelle de la population Les modèles de croissan...

Different factors are known to affect milk production in sows, especially sow parity and litter size (LS). In practice, milk production can be estimated from litter growth rate and LS. This approach is generally used for the determination of nutrient requirements.But information on factors affecting litter performance is scarce. Data from about 3 5...

Knowledge of amino acid requirements in growing pigs is required to formulate diets that optimize the feed efficiency and potentially limit the environmental impact of pig production. However, not all pigs have the same amino acid requirements, and thus the same responses to a defined nutrient supply, resulting from the variation in growth potentia...

Pig breeders can cope with variation in sow prolificacy as long as the total number of piglets born alive does not exceed the total number of functional teats of the sows in the farrowing unit. Cross-fostering allows adjusting the size of the litter to the milk production potential of the sow. When prolificacy increases, this objective becomes more...

Modélisation de la cinétique de consommation en fonction du poids chez le porc en croissance selon le mode d'expression de l'ingéré Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre d'une thèse CIFRE avec un co‐financement de l'appel à projets « Recherche finalisée et innovation » du Ministère de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche Modeling growin...

Effect of the dietary net energy content on the spontaneous feed intake of growing‐finishing pigs housed individually The effect of dietary net energy (NE) content was investigated on 96 lean‐type barrows, housed individually and fed ad libitum. Six NE levels (8.1, 8.7, 9.3, 9.9, 10.6 and 11.1 MJ/kg) were formulated, with inclusion of wheat bran an...

For a sustainable pork production, emission of pollutants from pig farms has to be reduced as much as possible whilst economical results have to be maximised. To evaluate different feeding strategies in terms of economic performance and environmental impact (through nitrogen excretion), we simulated herd performance using the prediction model InraP...

Cette étude a été réalisée avec la collaboration du personnel technique des stations IFIP de Romillé et de Villefranche de Rouergue, de la ferme des Trinottières de la Chambre d'Agriculture du Maine-et-Loire et du laboratoire du CETIOM à Ardon. Effets d'une utilisation continue et du mode de distribution du tourteau de colza sur les performances de...

Should male pigs vaccinated against boar taint be restrictively fed after the second vaccination? An over‐consumption of feed was noticed in male pigs vaccinated against boar taint (Improvac®) after the second vaccination (V2). The increase in feed intake may result in increased body fatness and decreased feed efficiency. The effect of feed restric...

Des aliments porcs moins riches en protéines et formulés à base de tourteau de colza et d'acides aminés de synthèse, dont la L‐Valine, permettent de réduire le recours au tourteau de soja Utilisation of soybean meal in pig diets can be reduced through the formulation of low crude protein diets based on rapeseed meal and synthetic amino acids, inclu...