Natalie Eichner

University of Virginia | UVa · Kinesiology

Objectives To evaluate the frequency and severity of new cases of youth-onset type 2 diabetes in the United States during the first year of the pandemic compared with the mean of the prior two years. Study Design Multicenter (n=24 centers), hospital-based, retrospective chart review. Youth aged ≤ 21 years with newly-diagnosed TYPE 2 DIABETES betwe...

The objective of this study was to test if a low-calorie diet plus interval exercise (LCD+INT) reduced oxidized and non-oxidized phospholipids in relation to improved weight-related quality of life (QoL) to a greater extent than an energy-deficit matched LCD in obese females. Subjects (age: 47.2±2.6 years, body mass index: 37.5±1.3 kg/m²) were rand...

Background: Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are both reported in children with type 1 diabetes (DM1) and may predict future cardiovascular events. In health, nitric-oxide (NO) relaxes arteries and increases microvascular perfusion. The relationships between NO-dependent macro- and microvascular functional responses and arterial stif...

We evaluated the effect of preoperative standard medical care (SC) vs. unsupervised aerobic exercise combined with SC (EX + SC) on cardiometabolic health and quality of life (QoL) 30 days after bariatric surgery. Bariatric patients (n = 14, age: 42.3 ± 2.5 years, body mass index: 45.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2 ) were match-paired to presurgical SC (n = 7) or EX...

A696 of 45, X accounts for nearly 50% of patients, while mosai-cism and other chromosomal structural abnormalities such as deletions, duplications, ring, isodicentric chromosomes, inversions and translocations, have been reported. Isodicentric X chromosomes are formed presumably by end-to-end fusion of chromatids after a break, with subsequent loss...

Purpose: Arterial stiffness is considered a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Females have higher values of arterial stiffness than males, suggesting a greater risk of heart-related complications. While a low-calorie diet (LCD) reduces fasting arterial stiffness, in part through weight loss, it is unknown if interval exercise (INT) adds t...

Purpose: This prospective trial's objective was to determine feasibility and outcomes of an exercise-based intervention for rural overweight/obese female cancer survivors. Materials and methods: Survivors of endometrial, breast, or ovarian cancer enrolled in a 6-month program of increased aerobic activity (30 minutes daily walking) and strength-...

Objective Examine the effect of aerobic exercise (EX) combined with standard medical care (SC) (EX + SC) compared to SC alone on cardiometabolic health and quality of life in relation to surgical outcomes.Methods Patients receiving bariatric surgery were match-paired to 30 days of pre-operative SC (n = 7, 1 male, 39.0 ± 5.3 years, body mass index 4...

Caloric restriction is suggested to increase hunger, in part, through complex interactions of hormones and behavior that contribute to challenges in long-term weight loss. Although intense exercise may attenuate appetite, no data exist testing the effects of interval exercise (INT) during a low-calorie diet (LCD) on appetite regulation. We hypothes...

New findings: We investigated the effects of work-matched continuous versus high-intensity interval training for 2 weeks on adiposopathy and cardiometabolic risk in obese adults with prediabetes. We show that independent of intensity, short-term exercise improves adiposopathy and insulin sensitivity. While both exercise intensities reduced fasting...

Introduction: The impact of interval (INT) vs. continuous (CONT) exercise training on endothelial function in relation to glucose metabolism prior to clinically meaningful weight loss is unknown in adults with prediabetes. Methods: Twenty-six subjects with prediabetes (60 ± 1 y; 33 ± 1 kg/m2; 2-hr-PG OGTT: 145 ± 7 mg/dl) were randomized to 60 mi...

Prediabetes is associated with impaired oxidative capacity and altered substrate utilization during exercise. The effects of continuous (CONT) versus interval (INT) exercise training on fat oxidation during an acute exercise bout at the same absolute and relative intensities are unknown in this population. Obese females/males (n = 17, n = 5) with p...

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are purported to mediate type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and development. Physical activity and a balanced diet reduce disease risk, but no study has tested the hypothesis that short-term interval (INT) training would reduce EVs compared with continuous (CONT) exercise in adults...

We determined if interval exercise plus a low-calorie diet (LCD + INT) increases endothelial function more than an energy-matched LCD. Obese women (47.2 ± 2.6y, 37.5 ± 1.3kg/m2 ) were randomized to 13 days of a LCD (n = 12; mixed meals of ~ 1200kcal/d) or LCD + INT (n = 13; 12 supervised 60-min INT bouts of 3 min at 90% and 50% HRpeak ). LCD + INT...

Although extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a novel biomediator of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the effects of hyperglycemia on EVs in humans is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) would promote changes in EVs in relation to CVD risk. Twenty-five obese adults (Age: 52.4 ± 3.2 yea...

The objective of this study was to test if a low-calorie diet plus interval exercise (LCD+INT) improves adiposopathy, an endocrine dysfunction, when compared with an energy-deficit-matched LCD in obese women. Subjects (age: 48.2 ± 2.4 years, body mass index: 37.8 ± 1.3 kg/m2) were randomized to a 13-day LCD (n = 12; mixed meals of ∼1200 kcal/day) o...

No short-term exercise data exist testing whether training intensity modifies hormonal and perceived appetite in obese adults with prediabetes. Therefore, we compared the effects of short-term moderate-continuous (CONT) vs. high-intensity interval (INT) training on appetite regulation. Twenty-eight obese adults [age: 61.3 ± 1.5 yr; body mass index...

New findings: What is the central question of this study? We compared high-intensity interval versus continuous training on fasting and postprandial arterial stiffness in people with prediabetes. What is the main finding and its importance? We show, for the first time, that exercise improves the augmentation index during the postprandial state, bu...

The effect of work-matched exercise intensity on β-cell function is unknown in people with prediabetes prior to clinical weight loss. We determined if short-term moderate continuous (CONT) versus high intensity interval (INT) exercise increased β-cell function. Thirty-one subjects (Age: 61.4±2.5 yr; BMI: 32.1±1.0 kg/m2) with prediabetes (ADA criter...

Regular exercise is important for reducing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, only about 40–50% of this CVD risk reduction is accounted for by adiposity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Herein, we present the novel hypothesis that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are candidate biomarkers that may rel...

Although low-calorie diets (LCD) improve glucose regulation, it is unclear if interval exercise (INT) is additive. We examined the impact of an LCD versus LCD + INT training on ß-cell function in relation to glucose tolerance in obese adults. Twenty-six adults (Age: 46 ± 12 year; BMI 38 ± 6 kg/m²) were randomized to 2-week of LCD (~1200 kcal/day) o...

Purpose: The optimal short-term exercise dose to improve glucose tolerance in relation to metabolic flexibility and/or insulin resistance is unknown. Therefore, we tested if short-term, work-matched continuous (CONT) versus interval (INT) exercise training improves glucose tolerance in part by reducing insulin resistance and increasing metabolic f...

Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of obesity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a novel target of CVD, however, it remains unknown if obese individuals with very poor fitness (VPF) have elevated EVs versus people with poor fitness (PF). Thus, we tested whether VPF was associated with grea...

Exercise improves pancreatic function in an energy dose-dependent manner. We previously showed that when calories are matched, an acute exercise bout changes glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) relative to multi-organ insulin resistance (IR) in an intensity-based manner during the immediate post-exercise period in people with prediabetes. H...

Microparticles (MPs) are a novel mediator and/or biomarker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. A high fat meal can elevate MP release in relation to CVD risk, but the effects of carbohydrates are unknown. This is clinically relevant as low-fat diets are advised for glycemic control. We tested the hypothesis that a 75g oral glucose...

Hyperglycemia promotes vascular complications through, in part, an inflammatory-mediated impairment in endothelial function. However, the effects of interval (INT) vs. continuous (CONT) training on endothelial function prior to clinically meaningful weight loss is unknown in adults with prediabetes. Twenty-six subjects with prediabetes (60±1y; 33±1...

Hypertension (HTN) is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Early and non-invasive biomarkers of vascular dysfunction and end-organ damage in HTN are needed to optimize treatment for patients at risk for HTN. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential candidate biomarkers that reflect occurrence of end-organ damage prior to symptom development...