Natalia Shishlina

State Historical museum · Archeology

Verification of 14C dates of Khvalynsk cemetry

Определение происхождения природных материалов, из которых сделаны объекты культурного наследия, имеет решающее значение для реконструкции динамики развития человеческих популяций и влияния окружающей среды на социально-экономические модели древних обществ. Представлен обобщенный анализ археологических предметов из памятников эпохи бронзы Нижнего П...

Determining the source of naturally occurring materials employed to make cultural-heritage arti-facts is crucial for reconstructing changes over time in the development of human populations, as well as the impact of the environment on social and economic models of prehistoric societies. The aim of this paper is to perform a generalized analysis of...

This study reconstructed the technical chaîne operatoire of silver seed beads production in the Maikop culture on the basis of trace‐wear analysis and experimental research using silver beads from the Early Bronze Age dolmen (c. 3200–2900 BC) in kurgan 2 at Tsarskaya (1898). The results of the study demonstrate that such beads were produced as a ‘g...

Large metal and metal-alloy cauldrons first appear on the far western steppe and Caucasus region during the Maykop period (3700–2900 BCE); however, the types of foods or beverages cooked in and served from these vessels have remained mysterious. Here, we present proteomic analysis of nine residues from copper-alloy cauldrons from Maykop burial cont...

This book examines the impact of ancient DNA research and scientific evidence on our understanding of the emergence of Indo-European languages in prehistory. Offering cutting-edge contributions from an international team of scholars, it considers the driving forces behind the Indo-European migrations during the 3rd and 2nd millenia BC. The volume e...

This book examines the impact of ancient DNA research and scientific evidence on our understanding of the emergence of Indo-European languages in prehistory. Offering cutting-edge contributions from an international team of scholars, it considers the driving forces behind the Indo-European migrations during the 3rd and 2nd millenia BC. The volume e...

Located on the plains of southern Russia, the Sal-Manych steppe has been exploited by mobile pastoralists since at least the Eneolithic. Recent investigations into temporary settlement in the region have uncovered a number of pastoral camps dating to the second half of the third millennium BCE, locally associated with the Catacomb culture. Accordin...

The Sosnovaya Maza hoard was discovered by chance in the Saratov region in the Lower Volga in 1901 without any archaeological context. Based on the sickle form and the metal composition–copper with an elevated level of iron–so called Sosnovaya Maza type of sickles was singled out. The comparative analysis of the production technology and the alloyi...

Archaeological and archaeogenetic evidence points to the Pontic–Caspian steppe zone between the Caucasus and the Black Sea as the crucible from which the earliest steppe pastoralist societies arose and spread, ultimately influencing populations from Europe to Inner Asia. However, little is known about their economic foundations and the factors that...

This paper presents the results of the study of a Maikop Culture surface tomb of the so far unknown type preceding the dolmen structure in mound 1 excavated by Nikolaĭ I. Veselovskiĭ near the village of Tsarskaya in 1898, Northwest Caucasus. The tomb was a surface structure with dry stone walls, a pebble-paved and clay-covered floor with wooden bea...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~...

Innovative technologies for new products and consumption, a secondary product revolution, have dramatically changed the course of the Bronze Age economic transformations. Changes included introduction of an innovative technology of wool production and it’s spread among the Northern Eurasia population during 3000–2000 BC. Sophisticated methods of st...

Lead isotope analysis (LIA) is widely applied by archaeologists as a method for provenance studies of metal artifacts. The study aims to realize of lead isotope analysis methodology and evaluate of metrological characteristics for the studies of Bronze Age archaeological alloys dated between the 3rd–2nd millennium BC boundary and the beginning of 2...

This study presents the results of metric and trace-wear analyses, as well as elemental composition analysis using the mass-spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) of 42 sickles from the Sosnovaya Maza hoard from State Historical Museum. The main components of the alloy in all cases were identified as Cu (91.30–99.19%) and Fe (0.02–7....

Sr/⁸⁶Sr strontium isotope ratios in fossil and modern bone and dental tissues of humans and animals for many years have been successfully used for the reconstructions of human and animal mobility. By analogy with bone and dental tissues, strontium can be incorporated and preserved in the hair of mammals. Sr isotope composition of sheep wool and, co...

Reconstruction of food components by traditional archaeological methods has been successfully complemented by stable isotope analysis. Traditional archaeological materials and data of archaeozoological analysis suggest that the Meshchera population diet had many food components associated with hunting and fishing. Steppe inhabitants consumed meat a...

The aim of this paper is to analyze animal bone assemblages from Mikhailo-Ovsyanka I, which is a Srubnaya settlement located in the Middle Volga, and, based on this analysis, get a better understanding of the economic life of the earliest miners, their animal husbandry practices, and the exchange system they developed. Main activities of the local...

The paper analyzes a composite accessory discovered in the Chesmenka 3 cemetery, kurgan 2, grave 4. Various materials were used to make the item. It consists of several components such as felt, tubular beads strung on wool threads and sewn onto the felt with a linen thread. Radiocarbon dating of linen thread fragment helped relate this grave to the...

The results from the analyzing lead isotopes of copper alloys of items from the Sosnovo-Mazinsky treasure and bronze objects of a comparative sample from archaeological sites of the Urals and Kazakhstan are presented. Comparative analysis of these data with the data of isotopic analysis of lead of copper ore from historical deposits in the Urals al...

The contribution presents the results of chemical, technological, functional, thematic and iconographic analyses of a bronze hook found in a dolmen near the settlement of Tsarskaya (3200–2900 BC, Maykop culture, northwest Caucasus). The scene of a fist-fight is cast from metal. The object was produced in the lost-wax process and is composed of arse...

Технологическое исследование 42 серпов, 1 обломка серпа, литника и одного куска металла из Сосново-Мазинского клада (коллекция ГИМ) включало анализ их морфологических и метрических параметров; проведение статистического анализа метрических показателей; трасологический анализ 42 серпов и обломка серпа с фиксацией следов литья, литейного брака, постл...

The paper provides results of the first direct radiocarbon dating of domestic cereals (Hordeum L., Triticum L.) discovered in the Bronze Age dolmen culture settlement Starchiki, in the NW Caucasus (3rd mill. BC).

The new 14C dates of wool textile from Srubnaya western Orenbur region correlate well with the period of the rapid spread across the steppe and the forest-steppe belts in northern Eurasia. We may infer from our analysis that in 1750–1650 BC the production of wool textiles in the southern Urals steppe belt was integrated into the economy of the loca...

The paper presents the results of technological, isotopic and radiocarbon analyses of wool fabric samples from the Bronze Age burials of South Siberia. It is suggested that the appearance of wool fibers in this region was connected to the Late Andronovo population of the middle — early second half of the II mil. BC. The location of the textile prod...

The aim of the paper is to analyze animal bone assemblages from seasonal Catacomb culture campsites of the Salsk-Manych Ridge and from the Mikhailo-Ovsyanka Srubnaya settlement located in the steppe Trance-Volga region. Proposed models of seasonal population movements are based on the animal bone assemblage, the slaughter age of animals, seasonalit...

The paper reports on the results of excavating an above-ground Maykop tomb of unknown type. This construction precedes the dolmen in kurgan 1 excavated by N. I. Veselovsky near the Tsarskaya village (northwestern Caucasus) in 1898. The tomb is an above-ground construction made of dry-stone walling, the floor paved with pebbles and covered with clay...

The Late Bronze Age is a period characterized by chariots and riders, spearheads, bows and battle axes. Such are the assemblages of grave goods attributed to the Seima‐Turbino, Timber‐grave, Abashevo, Sintashta, Pokrovsk and other cultures of the Eurasian forest‐steppe and steppe belt. Although hoard deposits are comparatively rare in this context,...

One of the main requirements for the methods of elemental analysis of unique archaeological samples is to minimize the damage they cause. Two new procedures for analyzing silver and gold samples, weighing several milligrams, obtained by drilling from the inner surface of silver and gold artifacts of the Borodino treasure, stored in the State Histor...

Точное определение химического и изотопного состава серебряных изделий Бородинского клада позволило выявить сходство и различия в характеристиках серебряных сплавов, реконструировать технологические биографии изделий и определить, в какой степени они связаны друг с другом. При изготовлении копья 1, кинжала и втулки копья 3 к полученному методом куп...

This paper presents the results of a unique fur garment from the megalithic tomb of a rich man in the Northwest Caucasus, dated to the Early Bronze Age, which was excavated in 1898 (Tsarskaya, Russia). The garment was made from the fur of a souslik group animal, most likely the ground squirrel. Direct radiocarbon dating puts the fur at around 4445...

This paper presents the results of a unique fur garment from the megalithic tomb of a rich man in the Northwest Caucasus, dated to the Early Bronze Age, which was excavated in 1898 (Tsarskaya, Russia). The garment was made from the fur of a souslik group animal, most likely the ground squirrel. Direct radiocarbon dating puts the fur at around 4445...

The paper presents the difference of three varied methods which have been used to analyze archaeological metals: X-ray fluorescence analysis – XRF (X-ray spectrometer), energy dispersive X-Ray microanalysis – EDAX (electron microscopy), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MS-ICP). Illustrative examples of different measurements are tw...

The paper reports on the results of comprehensive analysis of a unique bronze flesh-hook featuring anthropomorphic figures from an Early Bronze Age dolmen (ca. 3200-2900 BC) near the village of Tsarskaya (contemporary Novosvobodnaya) in the Northwest Caucasus (fig. 1). It was established that the flesh-hook was cast from arsenical bronze with the u...

The paper presents the result of analysis of charred food on the interior part of the vessels from the graves of the East Manych and West Manych Catacomb archaeological cultures (2500–2350 cal bc). The phytolith and pollen analyses identified pollen of wild steppe plants and phytoliths of domesticated gramineous plants determined as barley phytolit...

В статье приведены результаты всестороннего анализа уникального бронзового крюка с антропоморфными фигурками из дольмена эпохи ранней бронзы (прибл. 3200–2900 до н. э.) у ст. Царская (совр. Новосвободная) на Северо-Западном Кавказе. Установлено, что предмет отлит из мышьяковой бронзы по технологии утрачиваемой восковой модели, является крюком для в...

This study, the first of this kind, reconstructs the technical chaîne operatoire of thin‐walled jointless gold bead production in the Maykop culture on the basis of trace‐wear analysis, experimental research and comparative analysis, using gold beads from the Early Bronze Age dolmen (c. 3200–2900 bc) in kurgan 2 at Tsarskaya (discovered in 1898). T...

Ochre is a natural pigment of yellow or red color, mainly consisting of iron minerals. Along with determining the origin of mineral dyes, one of the main problems of studying natural pigments in archaeology is identifying the origin of the so-called “red” ochre, made on the basis of hematite. Hematite is a widespread mineral found everywhere. Howev...

A complex study of a spearhead dated back to IV mill. BC from burial mound no. 1 near Novosvobodnaya village (collection of the State Historical Museum) and, in particular, the material of spearhead superficial crust has been performed. The elemental and phase composition of the metal of spearhead and the superficial crust on its surface have been...

The paper presents results of the morphological and isotopic analyses of fur remnants coming from a dolmen dating to the Early Bronze Age (the end of the 4rd millennium BC) discovered near Stanitsa Tsarskaya in the North-West Caucasus, 1898. It has been established that the fur garment of the buried individual was made of souslik (a short-tailed gr...

The results of studies of the chemical and microbiological properties of the soils buried under the barrows of the Eneolithic, Bronze, and Middle Ages periods of the southeast of the Russian Plain are presented. It was shown that the climate of the region in the Eneolithic period (4200–4100 BC) and in the Middle Ages (700 years ago) was more humid...

The study of the economic system of the earliest nomads which inhabited the Eurasian desert-steppe belt in 5000—2000 is a relevant task of contemporary studies. The data on the organization of living space and the role of social groups of early prehistoric pastoralists in the exploitation of open steppe resources are scarce. The paper presents a ne...

We report new accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS ¹⁴ C) dates of bones from humans, animals, and fish from grave 12 of the Lebyazhinka V Eneolithic burial ground in the middle Volga River region, Russia. Earlier conventional dates established a chronology. This has to be adjusted by new insights: the date has to be corrected for reservoi...

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The summary of the study of invertebrates used for decorative items from Khvalynsk Eneolithic Cemeteries is presented. AMS radiocarbon dating confirmed that freshwater Unio mother-of-pearl shells and nacre discs, manufactured from them, are coeval with the site and most likely local in origin. Tubes of the sea worms and marine shells are fossil and...

Исследована величина и структура микробного пула в светло-каштановых палеопочвах и палеосо- лонце, погребенных под курганами эпохи средней бронзы (4600–4500 лет назад; высота курганных насыпей 45–173 см), и современных аналогах в пустынно-степной зоне (Западные Ергени, Саль- ско-Манычская гряда). В профилях палеопочв величина живой микробной биомас...

A multidisciplinary research project was undertaken to investigate the subsistence strategies adopted by populations living in the vicinity of Lake Shagara in the forest zone of Eastern Europe during the Eneolithic period and the Bronze Age. The analyses focused on the graves from the Shagara cemetery located near Lake Shagara.

Mobility has long been recognised as a key feature of later prehistoric communities in eastern Eurasia. Isotope analysis of human hair offers new potential for studying individual mobility patterns within these communities. Hair samples from individuals of the Tashtyk culture buried in the Oglakhty cemetery in southern Siberia (third to fourth cent...

Variations of 87Sr/86Sr ratios in different natural objects make it possible to obtain new data having great importance for the identification of the possible place of origin and migration routes of ancient humans. The discussed data were obtained from contemporary snail samples inhabiting the landscapes of the eastern Caucasus, which is characteri...

Variations of 87Sr/86Sr ratios in different natural objects make it possible to obtain new data having great importance for the identification of the possible place of origin and migration routes of ancient humans. The discussed data were obtained from contemporary snail samples inhabiting the landscapes of the eastern Caucasus, which is characteri...

25.06.2014 г. Значения вариаций изотопного состава стронция 87 Sr/ 86 Sr в различных природных объектах позволяют получить новые данные, имеющие важное значение при определении вероятного места рождения человека древних эпох и определения маршрутов его миграций. Представ-ленные данные получены в образцах современных улиток, обитающих в ландшафтах в...

The isotopic composition of bones from water dependent pasture domesticated animals (δ13C, δ15N) provides a possibility to reconstruct seasonal husbandry management practices that prevailed in the south of the Russian Plain throughout Early Iron Ages, I mill calBC. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of the contemporary local steppe pasture p...

Идентификация природы отдельных компонентов в археологических находках при помощи физико-химических методов в последнее время является важным и актуальным междисциплинарным направлением, позволяющим сделать не только определения материала, но и в какой-то мере реконструировать процесс создания предмета. Объектом исследования является уникальный сло...

Abstract. In recent years the use of various physical and chemical methods to identify the chemical composition of specific components that archaeological artifacts are made of has become an important and relevant inter-disciplinary area, making it possible not only to identify the material but to a certain degree also reconstruct the production pr...