Nasiru Muhammad

Usmanu Danfodiyo University · Department of Ophthalmology

Trachoma is targeted for elimination as a public health problem worldwide by 2030. In Nigeria, elimination activities are implemented at the local government area (LGA) level. They started in 2002 by conducting baseline population-based prevalence surveys (PBPSs), which continued in a systematic manner with engagement from the Global Trachoma Mappi...

Objective: To determine the frequency, demography, aetiology and mechanisms of ocular injuries associated with childhood traumatic cataract in Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective multicentre study conducted across ten child eye health tertiary facilities in Nigeria between January 2017 and December 2021. Clinic records of all children aged 0-17 ye...

Aicardi syndrome is a very rare neurodevelopmental disorder, inherited as an X-linked dominant condition with a triad of infantile spasm, partial or complete agenesis of the corpus callosum, and chorio-retinal "lacunae." We report a case of a female infant with the classical triad of Aicardi syndrome. A female infant presented to the Paediatric Neu...

Objective: To determine the frequency, demography, etiology and mechanisms of ocular injuries associated with childhood traumatic cataract in Nigeria Methods: A retrospective multicenter study conducted across ten child eye health tertiary facilities in Nigeria between January 2017 and December 2021. Clinic records of all children aged 0-17 years w...

Purpose: We set out to determine the baseline prevalence of trachoma in 13 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Borno State, Nigeria. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in each of 13 LGAs from 2017 to 2019, with the support of Tropical Data (TD). World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended protocols were used. With a pr...

Background To use the Key Informant survey to estimate the magnitude and to identify the major causes of blindness and severe visual impairment in children of Nassarawa Eggon Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Methodology Twenty-eight trained Key Informants traced and referred children believed to be blind or visually impaired. Biod...

Background In 2021, WHO Member States endorsed a global target of a 40-percentage-point increase in effective refractive error coverage (eREC; with a 6/12 visual acuity threshold) by 2030. This study models global and regional estimates of eREC as a baseline for the WHO initiative. Methods The Vision Loss Expert Group analysed data from 565 448 pa...

Background: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness globally. Effective cataract surgical coverage (eCSC) measures the number of people in a population who have been operated on for cataract, and had a good outcome, as a proportion of all people operated on or requiring surgery. Therefore, eCSC describes service access (ie, cataract surgical co...

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the pattern of ametropia, presbyopia, and the barriers to the uptake of spectacles among adult patients attending Hajiya Gambo Sawaba General Hospital (HGSGH), Zaria, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This study was a descriptive hospital-based study. The study population was selected by systematic sampling...

Cataract is a leading cause of blindness in children worldwide. Blindness can be treated with effective surgery, but in low-resource settings this treatment can be difficult to access. In addition, positive outcomes of the surgery are heavily dependent on comprehensive postoperative care. To date in Nigeria and many other low-resource countries, ro...

Introduction: In 2019-2020, one round of antibiotic mass drug administration (MDA) was implemented for trachoma elimination purposes in Donga, Gashaka, and Ussa local government areas (LGAs) of Taraba State, Nigeria, following baseline surveys in 2009 (Donga and Gashaka) and 2013-2014 (Ussa). Here, trachoma prevalence post-MDA in these three LGAs i...

Background: The 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals has universal health coverage (UHC) as one of its major targets. The UHC includes improving access to health care through quality essential health services with adequate financial coverage to everyone. Patient’s satisfaction with services is considered a significant part of assessing...

Background: The 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals has universal health coverage (UHC) as one of its major targets. The UHC includes improving access to health care through quality essential health services with adequate financial coverage to everyone. Patient's satisfaction with services is considered a significant part of assessing...

Background We undertook a Grand Challenges in Global Eye Health prioritisation exercise to identify the key issues that must be addressed to improve eye health in the context of an ageing population, to eliminate persistent inequities in health-care access, and to mitigate widespread resource limitations. Methods Drawing on methods used in previou...

Purpose To determine the prevalence of trachoma in each of the 21 local government areas (LGAs) of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Methods A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in each of the 21 LGAs of Adamawa State between 2017 and 2019. With the support of Tropical Data (TD), surveys were planned and implemented in accordance with Wor...

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence and magnitude of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy among people with diabetes mellitus in Katsina State. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study of persons aged 50 years and over in Katsina State Nigeria based on the rapid assessment of avoidable blindness survey plus diabetic retinopathy metho...

A number of common eye diseases can be diagnosed by examining the front of the eye using a torch.

Aim To generate data on blindness and visual impairment for planning and monitoring a comprehensive eye care programme in Katsina state of Nigeria. Method A rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) survey methodology was used to select 3120 persons aged 50 years and over. The sample was selected using a multistage cluster randomised sampling...

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to ascertain the current magnitude and causes of blindness and visual impairment in persons aged 50 years and over and to assess the impact of a 10‑year eye care program in Sokoto State, Nigeria. METHODS: A rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) survey (in persons 50 years and over) was conducted in 201...

Background: This study was undertaken to ascertain the current magnitude and causes of blindness and visual impairment in persons aged 50 years and over and to assess the impact of a 10-year eye care program in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Methods: A rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) survey (in persons 50 years and over) was conducted in...

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for trachoma in selected local government areas (LGAs) of Kwara State, Nigeria. Methodology: Population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in eight LGAs of Kwara State using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. In each LGA, 25 villages were selected using probability-pr...

Background: The purpose of these surveys was to determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in children aged 1–9 years and trichiasis prevalence in persons aged ≥15 years, in 13 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Taraba State, Nigeria. Method: The surveys followed Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. Twenty-five...

Background: The World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) global trachoma elimination programme recommends mapping of trachoma at district level for planning of elimination activities in affected populations. This study aimed to provide data on trachoma prevalence for the Area Councils of Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Methodology: Using the...

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of trachoma in four Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kogi State, Nigeria. Methods: In June 2014, we conducted population-based, cross-sectional surveys according to Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols in selected LGAs of Kogi State. In each LGA, 25 clusters were selected with probability proportiona...

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of trachoma and water and sanitation coverage in four local government areas (LGAs) of Jigawa State, Nigeria: Birnin Kudu, Buji, Dutse and Kiyawa. Methodology: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in each LGA using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. From each LGA, 25 villages we...

Purpose: We sought to determine the prevalence of trachoma in each local government area (LGA) of Benue State, Nigeria. Methods: Two-stage cluster sampling was used to conduct a series of 23 population-based prevalence surveys. LGAs were the evaluation units surveyed. In each LGA, 25 households were selected in each of 25 clusters, and individuals...

Purpose: To determine prevalence of trachoma after interventions in 15 local government areas (LGAs) of Kebbi, Sokoto and Zamfara States, Nigeria. Methods: A population-based impact survey was conducted in each LGA using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. In each LGA, 25 villages were selected, except in Arewa LGA, where we selected...

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of trachoma and water and sanitation coverage in four local government areas (LGAs) of Jigawa State, Nigeria: Birnin Kudu, Buji, Dutse and Kiyawa. Methodology: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in each LGA using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. From each LGA, 25 villages we...

Purpose: We sought to determine the prevalence of trachoma in each local government area (LGA) of Benue State, Nigeria. Methods: Two-stage cluster sampling was used to conduct a series of 23 population-based prevalence surveys. LGAs were the evaluation units surveyed. In each LGA, 25 households were selected in each of 25 clusters, and individuals...

Purpose: The World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) global trachoma elimination programme recommends mapping of trachoma at district level for planning of elimination activities in affected populations. This study aimed to provide data on trachoma prevalence for the Area Councils of Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Methods: Using the Global...

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for trachoma in selected local government areas (LGAs) of Kwara State, Nigeria. Methodology: Population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in eight LGAs of Kwara State using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. In each LGA, 25 villages were selected using probability-pr...

Purpose: The purpose of these surveys was to determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in children aged 1–9 years and trichiasis prevalence in persons aged ≥15 years, in 13 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Taraba State, Nigeria. Methods: The surveys followed Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. Twenty-five h...

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of trachoma in four Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kogi State, Nigeria. Methods: In June 2014, we conducted population-based, cross-sectional surveys according to Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols in selected LGAs of Kogi State. In each LGA, 25 clusters were selected with probability proportiona...

Background. An estimated prevalence of trachoma inflammation – follicular (TF) of 20.9% was reported in Garki local government area (LGA). This led to annual mass azithromycin administration for three years targeted at eliminating TF in the LGA. This study was conducted to assess the impact of the mass azithromycin administration on prevalence of a...

Aim: Mass distribution of azithromycin (MDA) was implemented in selected local government areas (LGAs) of Jigawa state for three years (2012-2015) including Garki LGA. The WHO recommended target for MDA is to reach 80% of the population. An estimated coverage of 89% was reported by the control programme. This study was conducted to assess the popul...

Background. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally, in Nigeria and in Sokoto state. Glaucoma services are provided as part of a comprehensive eye care services in Sokoto state. This study was aimed at assessing the outcome of the surgical management of glaucoma, trabeculectomy, in Sokoto state eye care programme. The specific ob...

Purpose This study was conducted to assess the impact of the eye care programme on cataract blindness and cataract surgical services in Sokoto, Nigeria over a 12 year period 2005–2016. Methods Data from the 2005 population based cross-sectional study of blindness in Sokoto state was re-analysed to obtain baseline estimates of the prevalence of cat...

Purpose: We sought to determine the prevalence of trachoma in 44 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: A population-based prevalence survey was conducted in each Kano LGA. We used a two-stage systematic and quasi-random sampling strategy to select 25 households from each of 25 clusters in each LGA. All consenting househo...

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of trachoma in each of the 25 local government areas (LGAs) of Niger State, Nigeria. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in each Niger State LGA between March and April 2014, as part of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP). GTMP protocols were used in planning and conduct of th...

Introduction: To prepare for global elimination of trachoma by 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends mapping of trachoma at district-level to enable planning of elimination activities in affected populations. The aim of our study was to provide data on trachoma for each local government area (LGA) of Kaduna State, Nigeria, as such da...

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) and trichiasis in each of the 20 local government areas (LGAs) of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Methods: We undertook a population-based prevalence survey in each LGA in Bauchi State, employing the Global Trachoma Mapping Project methodology. We used a 2-stage, systemat...

Purpose: To determine the local government area (LGA)-level prevalence of trachoma in all 34 LGAs of Katsina State. Methods: A population-based prevalence survey was conducted in each LGA of Katsina State, using the Global Trachoma Mapping Project methodology. We used a 3-stage cluster random sampling strategy to select 25 households from each o...

Purpose: To determine the need or otherwise for establishment of a trachoma elimination program in Gombe State, Nigeria, by estimating the population-based prevalence of trachoma in each Local Government Area (LGA) of Gombe. Methods: Using a multi-stage, systematic, random, and quasi-random sampling approach and Global Trachoma Mapping Project supp...

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the Vitamin A supplement (VAS) and measles vaccination coverage in a district of Sokoto State, Nigeria. Objectives: To determine the VAS and measles coverage in the district among children aged 6 months to 59 months and factors associated with nonuptake/poor uptake from provider's perspective. Methodology:...

Purpose: To determine the impact of uncorrected presbyopia on vision-related quality of life (QoL) and visual function (VF) among adults 40 years and older in Bungudu local government area (LGA) of Zamfara State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A population-based cross-sectional study in Bungudu LGA of Zamfara State Nigeria was conducted in 2012...

Purpose To determine the prevalence of presbyopia, and near vision spectacle coverage in a rural population of Northwestern Nigeria. Study design Cross sectional prevalence study. Subjects and methods Six hundred and fifty people of at least 40 years of age, in 13 clusters (50 per cluster) were examined using a multi-stage random sampling with pr...

Objective: To determine the clinical indications for destructive eye surgeries (DES) in Sokoto, NorthWestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study involving the review of the medical records of all patients that had DES in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital and Specialist Hospital, Sokoto from January 2010...

Introduction: Trachoma is the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide and is targeted for elimination by the year 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). The aim of our study was to provide baseline data on trachoma for eight local government areas (LGAs) of Zamfara state, Nigeria to enable planning and control activities in affected c...

Unlabelled: Settings and Aim: The World Health Organization launched in 1999 an initiative to eliminate the global avoidable blindness and prevent the projected doubling of avoidable visual impairment between 1990 and 2020 (Vision 2020: The Right to Sight). The World Health Assembly (WHA) adopted resolutions WHA 59.25, WHA 56.26 urging member stat...

Background: There is a paucity of population-based data on ocular morbidity globally. The objectives of the current study were to estimate the prevalence and magnitude of eye disorders and to determine the ophthalmic subspecialty requirements for the population of Sokoto state, Nigeria. The information generated may provide baseline data for planni...

Aim: To explore the readiness of and the options for alternative means of livelihood for Blind Street beggars in Sokoto, Nigeria, with a view to achieving the millennium development goals. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Local Government Area (LGA), in Sokoto State over a 6 weeks period (May/June, 2009). Ethical...

Background: The provision and uptake of low vision services is said to be poor globally and is almost negligible in low income countries Objective: To describe the first one year of low vision service provision in Sokoto state. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with low vision referred to the low vision unit of Usmanu Danfodiyo Unive...

The WHO global initiative on elimination of trachoma by 2020 (GET 2020) recommends mapping of trachoma at district (Local Government Area (LGA)) levels to enable planning and control activities in affected communities worldwide. The aim of the present study was to provide baseline data on trachoma for the LGAs of Sokoto and Kebbi states, Nigeria. A...

Introduction. Pilot inclusive education programme that provide education to blind children in routine schools have been implemented in 1 local government area (LGA) of Sokoto state in 2009. Encouraged by the success recorded in the initiative, the Sokoto state Ministry of Education through the Universal Basic Education (UBE) Programme decided to ex...

Purpose. To report the awareness and barriers to uptake of the eye care services in Kebbi state 10 years since take off. Methodology. Using multi-stage sampling, a household-based survey was conducted in 140 clusters of 7 LGAs selected for a population-based trachoma survey. A standard survey tool was used to ask head of households or an adult memb...

Background. There is paucity of population-based data on ocular morbidity globally. This study was conducted to provide baseline data for planning of a comprehensive eye health services in Sokoto state, Nigeria. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence and magnitude of eye disorders and to determine the ophthalmic subspecialty requirements fo...

Purpose. To report the awareness and uptake of the services of the Sokoto state eye care programme 7 years after its take off. Methodology. Using multi-stage sampling, a household-based survey was conducted in 200 clusters of 10 LGAs selected for a population-based trachoma survey. A standard survey tool was used to ask head of households or an adu...

Aim: To describe glaucoma services at all levels of eye care service delivery in Sokoto state. Objectives 1. To describe the available human resources at all levels of eye care delivery in Sokoto state during the study period. 2. To describe the equipments provided at all levels of eye care service for glaucoma service delivery during the study per...

Community-based lid surgery for trachomatous trichiasis (TT) is provided in 8 local government areas (LGAs) of Sokoto state since 2003 as part of a trachoma control programme. This study aims to assess the impact of community-based lid surgery on the magnitude of TT in 3 LGAs of Sokoto state. A population-based survey was conducted in persons aged...

Abstract. Introduction The challenges of reaching the targets of the VISION 2020: The Right to Sight programme, are many in developing countries where the human resource are scarce, the infrastructural support, and the primary health care services are weak. The Sokoto state eye care programme is a collaboration between the Sokoto state government...

Over the last three decades, a lot has been achieved in the control of trachoma worldwide. New assessment techniques, effective evidence-based control strategy with new methods and drugs, and an aggressive global partnership for the control of the disease have evolved. As such the number of people with the disease and blindness due to the disease h...

To estimate the prevalence of low vision and blindness, identify the causes, and suggest policies for an effective eye care program based on 2005 data from Sokoto State, Nigeria. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling method was used to quantify the prevalence of blindness and the causes from 4 health zones in Sokoto State. Subjects were evaluated...

To identify children with irreversible blindness in a district of northern Nigeria for enrolment into an inclusive education pilot project. Using key informants (KIs) working and residing within the communities, children with blindness and visual impairment in Gwadabawa local government area (LGA) were identified and then examined by a team of opht...

Objective: To assess the pattern of presentation and management of glaucoma at the institution. Design: A Retrospective analysis of all adult glaucoma that presented between February 2002 and July 2007. Setting: The Study was carried out at the Federal Medical Centre, Azare, a tertiary health facility. Participants: Included in the study were patie...

To find out the challenges of management of glaucoma, an assessment of glaucoma services at the Federal Medical Centre, Azare was carried out through oral interviews of ophthalmic staff, enquiring about available personnel and diagnostic equipment from relevant sectors of the Hospital and local authorities. A retrospective analysis of records of gl...

To provide baseline data for cataract surgical services in Birnin-Kebbi Local Government Area (LGA) of Kebbi state, Nigeria for effective planning of services in the LGA and the state. People aged 50 years and above were enrolled in the study using stratified cluster sampling with probability proportional to size procedures. Subjects were assessed...

In order to have baseline data for monitoring and evaluation of trachoma control activities in Sabon Birni LGA of Sokoto state Nigeria, a population based trachoma survey was conducted. The survey was designed to determine the prevalence of active trachoma and trichiasis as well as assess the prevalence of major risk factors for trachoma in the stu...

Cataract is the leading cause of treatable blindness worldwide. Extra-capsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation (ECCE +PC IOL) is the most rewarding technique for good visual outcome and is chieved by good preoperative biometry. Aim To determine the mean axial length, cornea power and intraocular lens power for an adult populat...

Results Five hundred and seventy five eyes of 575 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. There were 298 females and 277 males. The age range was 30 to 89 years. The mean age was 54.8 years and 56.3 years for females and males respectively. The mean keratometry reading for both sexes was 43.4D with a range of 37.0 to 50.5D. The mean reading for...